The secret student resistance to Hitler - Iseult Gillespie

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Ivana Krivokuća

In 1943 Allied aircraft swooped over Nazi Germany,

Godine 1943. saveznički avioni su nadletali nacističku Nemačku,

raining tens of thousands of leaflets on people below.

obasipajući ljude desestinama hiljada letaka.

Written by anonymous Germans, the leaflets urged readers to renounce Hitler,

Leci nepoznatih nemačkih autora podsticali su čitaoce da osude Hitlera,

to fight furiously for the future— and to never give up hope.

da se svim silama bore za budućnost - i da nikad ne izgube nadu.

Their call to action rippled through homes and businesses—

Njihov poziv na delanje prodirao je kroz domove i firme -

and news of their message even reached concentration camps and prisons.

a vesti o njihovim porukama su stizale čak i do koncentracionih logora i zatvora.

It was only after the war had ended that the authors’ identities, stories,

Tek nakon završetka rata, identiteti, priče

and tragic fate would come to light.

i tragična sudbina autora će da izađu na svetlo.

When Hitler seized power 10 years earlier,

Kada je Hitler došao na vlast deset godina ranije,

Hans and Sophie Scholl were teenagers in the town of Forchtenberg.

Hans i Sofi Šol su bili tinejdžeri u gradu Forhtenbergu.

At that time, fear, propaganda, and surveillance

U to vreme su strah, propaganda i nadzor

kept all aspects of life for the Scholl family and millions of other Germans

držali sve aspekte života porodice Šol i miliona drugih Nemaca

under Nazi control.

pod nacističkom kontrolom.

The government specifically targeted young people,

Vlada je naročito ciljala mlade ljude,

setting up institutions to regulate their behavior and police their thoughts.

uspostavljajući insititucije

radi regulacije i disciplinоvanja njihovog ponašanja i mišljenja.

As teenagers, Hans was a member of the Hitler Youth

Kao tinejdžer, Hans je bio član Hitlerove omladine,

and Sophie joined The League of German Girls.

a Sofi se pridružila Ligi nemačkih devojaka.

Hans rose through the ranks

Hans je napredovao u službi

and oversaw the training and indoctrination of other young people.

i nadgledao je obuku i indoktrinaciju drugih mladih ljudi.

In 1936, he was chosen to carry the flag at a national rally.

Godine 1936, odabran je da nosi zastavu tokom nacionalnog mitinga.

But when he witnessed the zeal of Nazi rhetoric,

Međutim, kad je posvedočio revnosti nacističke retorike,

he began to question it for the first time.

počeo je prvi put da je dovodi u pitanje.

Meanwhile, Sophie was also starting to doubt the information she was being fed.

U međuvremenu je i Sofi počela da sumnja u informacije kojima su je kljukali.

Their parents Robert and Magdalena,

Njihovi roditelji, Robert i Magdalena,

who had feared they were losing their children to Nazi ideology,

strahujući da im deca padaju pod kontrolu nacističke ideologije,

encouraged these misgivings.

ohrabrivali su ove slutnje.

At home, Robert and Magdalena listened to foreign radio stations

Kod kuće, Robert i Magdalena su slušali strane radijske stanice

that the government first discouraged and later banned.

koje je vlada prvo neodobravala, a kasnije zabranila.

While the government churned out national broadcasts which denied Nazi atrocities,

Dok je vlada štancala nacionalne prenose koji su negirali nacistička zlodela,

the Scholls learned shocking truths.

Šolovi su saznavali šokantne istine.

And yet, they were still subject to the rules of life in Hitler’s Germany.

Ipak, i dalje su bili podvrgnuti pravilima života u Hitlerovoj Nemačkoj.

After the outbreak of war,

Nakon izbijanja rata,

Sophie reluctantly worked for the national effort,

Sofi je nerado radila za nacionalne interese,

and Hans had to take on army duties while attending medical school in Munich.

a Hans je morao da preuzme vojne obaveze dok je pohađao medicinsku školu u Minhenu.

That was where Hans met Christoph Probst, Willi Graf and Alexander Schmorell.

Tu je Hans upoznao Kristofa Probsta, Vilija Grafa i Aleksandera Šmorela.

Day by day, each grew more sickened by Nazi ideology.

Dan za danom, bilo im je sve više muka od nacističke ideologije.

They longed to share their views.

Čeznuli su da podele svoje stavove.

But how could they spread them, when it was impossible to know who to trust?

Međutim, kako da ih šire kada je bilo nemoguće znati kome mogu da veruju?

And so, the friends decided to rebel anonymously.

Zato su se prijatelji odlučili na anonimnu pobunu.

They pooled their money and bought printing materials.

Sakupili su svoj novac i kupili materijal za štampanje.

An acquaintance let them use a cellar under his studio.

Poznanik im je dozvolio da koriste podrum ispod njegovog studija.

In secret, they began drafting their message.

U tajnosti su počeli da osmišljavaju svoju poruku.

In June 1942, mysterious anti-Nazi leaflets began appearing all over Munich.

Juna 1942. god, tajanstveni antinacistički leci su se pojavili širom Minhena.

They were signed: the White Rose.

Imali su potpis: Bela ruža.

The first leaflet denounced Hitler

Prvi letak je osuđivao Hitlera

and called for Germans to sabotage the war effort:

i pozivao je Nemce da sabotiraju ratne napore:

“Adopt passive resistance…

„Usvojite pasivni otpor...

block the functioning of this atheistic war machine before it is too late,

zaustavite funkcionisanje ove ateističke ratne mašinerije pre nego što bude kasno,

before the last city is a heap of rubble…

pre nego što i poslednji grad bude hrpa ruševina...

before the last youth of our nation bleeds to death...

pre nego što i poslednja mladost naše nacije nasmrt iskrvari...

Don’t forget that each people gets the government it deserves!”

Ne zaboravite da svaki narod ima vladu koju zaslužuje!”

At a time when a sarcastic remark could constitute treason,

U vremenu u kome je sarkastična opaska mogla da predstavlja izdaju,

this language was unprecedented.

ovaj jezik je bio bez premca.

It was written mostly by Hans Scholl.

Njegov tvorac je uglavnom bio Hans Šol.

In 1942, Sophie came to Munich knowing nothing of her brother’s activities.

Godine 1942, Sofi je stigla u Minhen potpuno nesvesna bratovljevih aktivnosti.

She soon encountered the leaflets at school.

Uskoro je pronašla letke u školi.

But it was not until she discovered evidence in Han’s room

Međutim, tek kad je otkrila dokaze u Hansovoj sobi,

that she realized who’d written them.

shvatila je ko ih je napisao.

Her shock soon gave way to resolve: she wanted in.

Njena zapanjenost uskoro se preobratila u odlučnost: želela je da se pridruži.

For both siblings, it was time to escalate the fury that had been brewing for years.

I za brata i sestru, bilo je vreme da daju oduška besu koji je tinjao godinama.

From June 1942 to February 1943, the group worked feverishly.

Od juna 1942. do februara 1943. godine, grupa je grozničavo radila.

While the Gestapo searched for leads,

Dok je Gestapo tragao za tragovima,

the White Rose were constantly on guard.

Bela ruža je stalno bila na oprezu.

The war raged on. Regulations tightened, and Munich suffered air raids.

Rat je besneo. Zakoni su pooštreni i Minhen je bio bombardovan.

But the White Rose ventured deeper into conspiracy.

Međutim, zavereništvo Bele ruže se produbljavalo.

They graffitied buildings and braved trains swarming with Gestapo.

Ispisivali su grafite po zgradama i probijali se kroz vozove krcate Gestapom.

In the winter of 1942,

U zimu 1942. godine,

Hans made a treacherous journey to the Czechoslovakian border

Hans je obavio izdajničko putovanje do čehoslovačke granice

to meet anti-Nazi rebels.

kako bi se sastao sa antinacističkim pobunjenicima.

On February 18, 1943,

Na dan 18. februara 1943. godine,

Sophie and Hans brought a suitcase of leaflets to their university.

Sofi i Hans su doneli kofer pun letaka na njihov univerzitet.

A custodian noticed what they were doing and reported them to the Gestapo.

Domar je primetio šta su radili i prijavio ih je Gestapu.

Both calmly denied any involvement—

Oboje su mirno negirali umešanost -

until the police gathered all the leaflets and placed them back in the empty case,

sve dok policija nije sakupila sve letke i smestila ih nazad u prazan kofer

where they fit perfectly.

u koji su se savršeno uklopili.

When Hans and Sophie confessed,

Kada su Hans i Sofi priznali,

they were immediately led to court and sentenced to death by guillotine.

istog trena su izvedeni pred sud i osuđeni na smrt odsecanjem glave.

Despite a grueling interrogation, the two refused to betray their co-conspirators.

Uprkos iscrpljujućem ispitivanju, odbili su da izdaju sazaverenike.

Before her execution, Sophie declared her fury at the state of her country.

Pre pogubljenja, Sofi je obznanila svoj bes zbog stanja u njenoj zemlji.

But she also spoke to a more hopeful future:

Međutim, takođe je govorila o boljoj budućnosti:

“How can we expect righteousness to prevail when there is hardly anyone

„Kako možemo da očekujemo da pravednost pobedi kad gotovo da nikog nema

willing to give himself up individually to a righteous cause?

ko je spreman da žrtvuje samog sebe zarad pravednog cilja?

Such a fine, sunny day, and I have to go,

Tako lep i sunčan dan, a ja moram da idem,

but what does my death matter, if through us,

ali šta je moja smrt, ako kroz nas

thousands of people are awakened and stirred to action?”

na hiljade ljudi bude osvešćeno i pokrenuto na delanje?”