The secret student resistance to Hitler - Iseult Gillespie

翻译人员: Harper Chang 校对人员: Liang Shuo

In 1943 Allied aircraft swooped over Nazi Germany,

1943 年，同盟国的飞机 在纳粹德国上空俯冲，

raining tens of thousands of leaflets on people below.

洒下数万张传单。

Written by anonymous Germans, the leaflets urged readers to renounce Hitler,

这些来自匿名德国人的传单 鼓励人们反抗希特勒政权，

to fight furiously for the future— and to never give up hope.

并奋力争取未来，永不放弃希望。

Their call to action rippled through homes and businesses—

这些呼吁在家庭和企业间扩散开来，

and news of their message even reached concentration camps and prisons.

甚至传入了监狱和集中营。

It was only after the war had ended that the authors’ identities, stories,

直到战争结束后，传单作者 的身份、 故事和悲惨命运

and tragic fate would come to light.

才为大众所知。

When Hitler seized power 10 years earlier,

10年前，也就是希特勒掌权之时，

Hans and Sophie Scholl were teenagers in the town of Forchtenberg.

汉斯·朔尔和索菲·朔尔 是福希滕堡小镇的少年兄妹。

At that time, fear, propaganda, and surveillance

当时，恐惧、政治宣传和监视

kept all aspects of life for the Scholl family and millions of other Germans

全方位包围着纳粹控制下的

under Nazi control.

千万德国公民与家庭。

The government specifically targeted young people,

纳粹政府针对青年设立了专门机构

setting up institutions to regulate their behavior and police their thoughts.

以监控其行为，管制其思想。

As teenagers, Hans was a member of the Hitler Youth

汉斯曾是希特勒青年团的成员，

and Sophie joined The League of German Girls.

索菲也曾加入德国女青年联盟。

Hans rose through the ranks

随着汉斯不断升官，

and oversaw the training and indoctrination of other young people.

他开始负责监督 对青年的训练和教化。

In 1936, he was chosen to carry the flag at a national rally.

1936 年，他被选为 国家集会上的举旗手。

But when he witnessed the zeal of Nazi rhetoric,

但当他目睹了狂热的纳粹口号后，

he began to question it for the first time.

他第一次对此产生了质疑。

Meanwhile, Sophie was also starting to doubt the information she was being fed.

同时，索菲也开始 怀疑她被灌输的信息，

Their parents Robert and Magdalena,

他们的父母， 罗伯特和马格达琳娜，

who had feared they were losing their children to Nazi ideology,

因害怕纳粹思想会夺走孩子，

encouraged these misgivings.

也鼓励他们勇敢质疑。

At home, Robert and Magdalena listened to foreign radio stations

在家里，罗伯特和马格达琳娜 收听外国的广播电台，

that the government first discouraged and later banned.

这些电台先是被政府抵制， 然后被禁止。

While the government churned out national broadcasts which denied Nazi atrocities,

同时，政府大量推出 否认纳粹暴行的全国广播，

the Scholls learned shocking truths.

但朔尔一家已然知晓震惊的真相。

And yet, they were still subject to the rules of life in Hitler’s Germany.

不过，他们仍服从着 纳粹德国的生存法则。

After the outbreak of war,

战争爆发后，

Sophie reluctantly worked for the national effort,

索菲不得不为国家效力，

and Hans had to take on army duties while attending medical school in Munich.

汉斯被迫在慕尼黑大学 求学医学期间担下军职。

That was where Hans met Christoph Probst, Willi Graf and Alexander Schmorell.

就在此时，汉斯遇到了克里斯托夫·普罗布斯特、 维利·格拉夫和亚历山大·施莫雷尔。

Day by day, each grew more sickened by Nazi ideology.

随着时间流逝， 他们对纳粹思想的愤怒越发深重。

They longed to share their views.

他们渴望向民众分享观点。

But how could they spread them, when it was impossible to know who to trust?

但如何在一个遍布眼线的 社会传播信息呢？

And so, the friends decided to rebel anonymously.

于是他们决定秘密反抗。

They pooled their money and bought printing materials.

他们共同筹钱购买印刷材料，

An acquaintance let them use a cellar under his studio.

在一位熟人提供的地下室里，

In secret, they began drafting their message.

他们开始秘密地起草传单内容。

In June 1942, mysterious anti-Nazi leaflets began appearing all over Munich.

1942 年 6 月，神秘的反纳粹传单 开始在慕尼黑出现，

They were signed: the White Rose.

传单的署名为：白玫瑰。

The first leaflet denounced Hitler

第一份传单指责了希特勒的恶行，

and called for Germans to sabotage the war effort:

并呼吁德国人破坏纳粹的战争准备：

“Adopt passive resistance…

“……采取消极抵抗，

block the functioning of this atheistic war machine before it is too late,

阻止这个无视神明的战争机器， 在无法挽回之前，

before the last city is a heap of rubble…

在最后一座城市沦为废墟之前，

before the last youth of our nation bleeds to death...

在祖国最后一个青年 葬身血泊之前……

Don’t forget that each people gets the government it deserves!”

别忘了，每个公民都有权 得到想要的政府！”

At a time when a sarcastic remark could constitute treason,

在那个讽刺都能构成叛国罪的年代，

this language was unprecedented.

这样激进的话语无疑是前所未有的，

It was written mostly by Hans Scholl.

其中大部分出自汉斯之手。

In 1942, Sophie came to Munich knowing nothing of her brother’s activities.

1942 年，索菲来到了慕尼黑， 当时她对哥哥的活动一无所知。

She soon encountered the leaflets at school.

不久，她便在学校得到了传单。

But it was not until she discovered evidence in Han’s room

直到在汉斯的房间里发现证据，

that she realized who’d written them.

她才意识到传单由谁攥写。

Her shock soon gave way to resolve: she wanted in.

她的决心战胜了震惊：她要加入。

For both siblings, it was time to escalate the fury that had been brewing for years.

对于这对兄妹，是时候 释放他们积攒多年的愤怒了。

From June 1942 to February 1943, the group worked feverishly.

从 1942 年 6 月到 1943 年 2 月， 白玫瑰组织不知疲倦地工作。

While the Gestapo searched for leads,

盖世太保开始搜查传单的主谋，

the White Rose were constantly on guard.

白玫瑰必须时刻保持戒备。

The war raged on. Regulations tightened, and Munich suffered air raids.

战火蔓延，规定愈发严格， 慕尼黑惨遭空袭，

But the White Rose ventured deeper into conspiracy.

但白玫瑰做出了更大胆的冒险行动。

They graffitied buildings and braved trains swarming with Gestapo.

他们在建筑物上涂鸦， 勇敢地面对挤满盖世太保的火车。

In the winter of 1942,

1942 年冬天，

Hans made a treacherous journey to the Czechoslovakian border

汉斯正式踏上了叛变之旅，

他到捷克斯洛伐克的边境 会见了反纳粹的反抗军。

to meet anti-Nazi rebels.

On February 18, 1943,

在 1943 年 2 月 18 日，

Sophie and Hans brought a suitcase of leaflets to their university.

索菲和汉斯带着 装满传单的行李箱进入大学。

A custodian noticed what they were doing and reported them to the Gestapo.

一个看门人注意到了他们在做什么， 于是报告给了盖世太保。

Both calmly denied any involvement—

兄妹二人都冷静地 否认进行了任何活动，

until the police gathered all the leaflets and placed them back in the empty case,

直到警察收集了所有传单， 并放回空行李箱，

where they fit perfectly.

发现正好装满。

When Hans and Sophie confessed,

索菲和汉斯坦承后，

they were immediately led to court and sentenced to death by guillotine.

他们立刻被送上法庭，被判处砍头处决。

Despite a grueling interrogation, the two refused to betray their co-conspirators.

尽管受到残酷的审问， 两人都拒绝出卖同伴。

Before her execution, Sophie declared her fury at the state of her country.

行刑之前，索菲表示了 对祖国现状的愤怒，

But she also spoke to a more hopeful future:

但她也希冀着光明的未来：

“How can we expect righteousness to prevail when there is hardly anyone

“若无人为正义献身，

又如何期望正义胜利呢？

willing to give himself up individually to a righteous cause?

Such a fine, sunny day, and I have to go,

天气真好，阳光明媚，我得走了。

but what does my death matter, if through us,

我的死亡无足挂齿，

惟愿以我之死， 换千万人之觉醒奋战。"

thousands of people are awakened and stirred to action?”