The secret student resistance to Hitler - Iseult Gillespie

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Helen Chang

In 1943 Allied aircraft swooped over Nazi Germany,

1943 年，同盟國的飛機 飛過納粹德國上方，

raining tens of thousands of leaflets on people below.

朝下方的人灑下數萬張傳單。

Written by anonymous Germans, the leaflets urged readers to renounce Hitler,

內容是暱名的德國人所寫的， 鼓勵讀者斷絕和希特勒的關係，

to fight furiously for the future— and to never give up hope.

為未來奮戰—— 永遠不要放棄希望。

Their call to action rippled through homes and businesses—

他們的行動呼籲透過家庭和企業 產生出一波波漣漪——

and news of their message even reached concentration camps and prisons.

連集中營和監獄都聽到了 他們傳遞訊息的消息。

It was only after the war had ended that the authors’ identities, stories,

一直到戰爭結束後，作者的身分、

and tragic fate would come to light.

故事，和悲慘命運才曝光。

When Hitler seized power 10 years earlier,

十年前，希特勒取得權力之後，

Hans and Sophie Scholl were teenagers in the town of Forchtenberg.

漢斯和蘇菲索爾是 福希滕貝格鎮的青少年／女。

At that time, fear, propaganda, and surveillance

當時，恐懼、宣傳、監視

kept all aspects of life for the Scholl family and millions of other Germans

讓索爾一家人以及其他 數百萬德國人的生活所有面向

under Nazi control.

都受到納粹的控制。

The government specifically targeted young people,

政府特別把目標放在年輕人身上，

setting up institutions to regulate their behavior and police their thoughts.

設立制度來管理他們的行為， 監督他們的思想。

As teenagers, Hans was a member of the Hitler Youth

青少年漢斯是 希特勒青年團的成員，

and Sophie joined The League of German Girls.

蘇菲則加入了德國少女聯盟。

Hans rose through the ranks

漢斯的官階爬得很快，

and oversaw the training and indoctrination of other young people.

負責督導其他 年輕人的訓練和教化。

In 1936, he was chosen to carry the flag at a national rally.

1936 年，他被選中 在一次國家集會中掌旗。

But when he witnessed the zeal of Nazi rhetoric,

但，當他目擊了納粹 花言巧語的狂熱，

he began to question it for the first time.

他第一次開始產生了質疑。

Meanwhile, Sophie was also starting to doubt the information she was being fed.

同時，蘇菲也開始懷疑 她被灌輸的資訊。

Their parents Robert and Magdalena,

他們的父母羅伯特和梅格德蓮娜

who had feared they were losing their children to Nazi ideology,

害怕會因為納粹思想 而失去他們的孩子，

encouraged these misgivings.

因此鼓勵這些疑慮。

At home, Robert and Magdalena listened to foreign radio stations

在家中，羅伯特和梅格德蓮娜 會聽外國的廣播電台，

that the government first discouraged and later banned.

政府首先勸阻聽這類電台， 後來直接禁止。

While the government churned out national broadcasts which denied Nazi atrocities,

雖然政府大量推出否認 納粹暴行的全國廣播節目，

the Scholls learned shocking truths.

索爾卻得知了震驚的真相。

And yet, they were still subject to the rules of life in Hitler’s Germany.

但，他們身在希特勒的德國， 仍然要服從這些生存法則。

After the outbreak of war,

在戰爭爆發之後，

Sophie reluctantly worked for the national effort,

蘇菲很不情願地為國家效力，

and Hans had to take on army duties while attending medical school in Munich.

漢斯有軍事的職責， 同時還去慕尼黑就讀醫學院。

That was where Hans met Christoph Probst, Willi Graf and Alexander Schmorell.

在那裡，漢斯遇到了 克里斯托弗普羅布斯特、

威利格拉夫，和亞歷山大許墨瑞。

Day by day, each grew more sickened by Nazi ideology.

隨著日子過去，他們都對 納粹思想越來越感到噁心。

They longed to share their views.

他們渴望分享他們的觀點。

But how could they spread them, when it was impossible to know who to trust?

但在不知道誰能相信的情況下， 他們要如何散播資訊？

And so, the friends decided to rebel anonymously.

所以，這些朋友決定要匿名造反。

They pooled their money and bought printing materials.

他們共同出資， 買了一些印刷材料。

An acquaintance let them use a cellar under his studio.

一位熟人讓他們使用 他的工作室的地窖。

In secret, they began drafting their message.

他們便秘密地開始 起草他們的訊息。

In June 1942, mysterious anti-Nazi leaflets began appearing all over Munich.

1942 年六月，

神秘的反納粹傳單 開始出現在慕尼黑各地。

They were signed: the White Rose.

傳單的簽名是：白玫瑰。

The first leaflet denounced Hitler

最早的傳單指責希特勒

and called for Germans to sabotage the war effort:

並呼籲德國人去破壞 德國為戰爭做的努力。

“Adopt passive resistance…

「採用被動抗拒……

block the functioning of this atheistic war machine before it is too late,

阻擋這個無神論戰爭機器的 運作，不要等到太遲了，

before the last city is a heap of rubble…

不要等到最後一個城市 也變成一堆碎石……

before the last youth of our nation bleeds to death...

不要等到我們國家的最後 一個青年也流血至死……

Don’t forget that each people gets the government it deserves!”

別忘了，每個人 都會得到應有的政府！」

At a time when a sarcastic remark could constitute treason,

在當時，諷刺的評論 就可能構成叛國罪，

this language was unprecedented.

這種強烈言詞是前所未見的。

It was written mostly by Hans Scholl.

大部分都是出自漢斯索爾之手。

In 1942, Sophie came to Munich knowing nothing of her brother’s activities.

1942 年，蘇菲來到慕尼黑時 還不知道她哥哥的活動。

She soon encountered the leaflets at school.

沒多久，她在學校就拿到了傳單。

But it was not until she discovered evidence in Han’s room

但一直到她在漢斯的 房間中發現證據，

that she realized who’d written them.

她才明白傳單是誰寫的。

Her shock soon gave way to resolve: she wanted in.

她的震驚很快就 轉成決心：她要加入。

For both siblings, it was time to escalate the fury that had been brewing for years.

對這對手足而言，

該是讓醞釀多年的暴怒 再更上一層樓的時候了。

From June 1942 to February 1943, the group worked feverishly.

從 1942 年六月到 1943 年二月，

這個團體拼命努力。

While the Gestapo searched for leads,

蓋世太保在尋找主謀人時，

the White Rose were constantly on guard.

白玫瑰經常要保持警戒。

The war raged on. Regulations tightened, and Munich suffered air raids.

戰爭延燒。

規定變得更嚴格，慕尼黑遭到空襲。

But the White Rose ventured deeper into conspiracy.

但白玫瑰大膽地更深入謀叛。

They graffitied buildings and braved trains swarming with Gestapo.

他們在建築上圖鴉，勇敢冒犯 載滿了蓋世太保的火車。

In the winter of 1942,

1942 年冬天，

Hans made a treacherous journey to the Czechoslovakian border

漢斯踏上一段叛變之旅， 前往捷克斯拉夫邊境，

to meet anti-Nazi rebels.

去會見反納粹的反抗軍。

On February 18, 1943,

1943 年二月十八日，

Sophie and Hans brought a suitcase of leaflets to their university.

蘇菲和漢斯把一整個行李箱的 傳單帶到他們的大學。

A custodian noticed what they were doing and reported them to the Gestapo.

監管人注意到他們的行為， 向蓋世太保告發。

Both calmly denied any involvement—

兩人都冷靜地否認 參與任何行動——

until the police gathered all the leaflets and placed them back in the empty case,

直到警方把所有的傳單都 收集起來，放回到空箱子中，

where they fit perfectly.

空間完全符合。

When Hans and Sophie confessed,

當蘇菲和漢斯坦承時，

they were immediately led to court and sentenced to death by guillotine.

他們馬上被送上法庭 並判處上斷頭台的死刑。

Despite a grueling interrogation, the two refused to betray their co-conspirators.

儘管受到嚴苛的審問， 他們兩人拒絕背叛他們的同謀。

Before her execution, Sophie declared her fury at the state of her country.

在行刑之前，蘇菲聲明 她對於她的祖國的狀態感到憤怒。

But she also spoke to a more hopeful future:

但她也說到更有希望的未來：

“How can we expect righteousness to prevail when there is hardly anyone

「我們怎麼能期望正義會戰勝， 如果幾乎沒有任何人

willing to give himself up individually to a righteous cause?

願意為了正義的大我 而放棄個人的小我？

Such a fine, sunny day, and I have to go,

今天的天氣真好， 陽光普照，而我得走了，

but what does my death matter, if through us,

但我的死又有什麼關係， 重要的是透過我們，

thousands of people are awakened and stirred to action?”

能讓數千人覺醒並採取行動？」