The secret student resistance to Hitler - Iseult Gillespie

Prevoditelj: Petra Lauš Recezent: Sanda L

In 1943 Allied aircraft swooped over Nazi Germany,

Godine 1943. saveznički su avioni proletjeli iznad nacističke Njemačke

raining tens of thousands of leaflets on people below.

iz kojih je ispušteno desetak tisuća letaka na zemlju.

Written by anonymous Germans, the leaflets urged readers to renounce Hitler,

Letke su pisali anonimni Nijemci koji su pozivali čitatelje da se odreknu Hitlera,

to fight furiously for the future— and to never give up hope.

da se žestoko bore za budućnost i da se nikad ne prestanu nadati.

Their call to action rippled through homes and businesses—

Njihov je poziv odzvanjao domovima i tvornicama,

and news of their message even reached concentration camps and prisons.

njihova je poruka stigla i do koncentracijskih logora i zatvora.

It was only after the war had ended that the authors’ identities, stories,

Identitet, povijest i tragična sudbina autora letaka

and tragic fate would come to light.

otkriveni su tek nakon rata.

When Hitler seized power 10 years earlier,

Kada je Hitler došao na vlast prije 10 godina,

Hans and Sophie Scholl were teenagers in the town of Forchtenberg.

Hans i Sophie School bili su tinejdžeri i živjeli su u gradu Forchtenbergu.

At that time, fear, propaganda, and surveillance

U to vrijeme, strah, propaganda i nadzor

kept all aspects of life for the Scholl family and millions of other Germans

držali su sve aspekte života obitelji Scholl i milijuna drugih Nijemaca

under Nazi control.

pod kontrolom nacista.

The government specifically targeted young people,

Vlada je posebno ciljala mladež,

setting up institutions to regulate their behavior and police their thoughts.

osnivajući institucije koje bi regulirale njihovo ponašanje i nadzirale im misli.

As teenagers, Hans was a member of the Hitler Youth

Kada su bili tinejdžeri, Hans je bio član Hitlerove mladeži,

and Sophie joined The League of German Girls.

a Sophie se pridružila Ligi njemačkih djevojaka.

Hans rose through the ranks

Hans je napredovao

and oversaw the training and indoctrination of other young people.

i nadgledao je obuku i indoktrinaciju mladih ljudi.

In 1936, he was chosen to carry the flag at a national rally.

Godine 1936. izabran je da nosi zastavu na državnom mitingu.

But when he witnessed the zeal of Nazi rhetoric,

Ali kada je vidio žar nacističke retorike,

he began to question it for the first time.

počeo je u nju sumnjati po prvi puta.

Meanwhile, Sophie was also starting to doubt the information she was being fed.

Sophie je također počela sumnjati u informacije koje su joj dane.

Their parents Robert and Magdalena,

Njihovi roditelji, Robert i Magdalena,

who had feared they were losing their children to Nazi ideology,

koji su se bojali da će im nacistička ideologija oteti djecu,

encouraged these misgivings.

poticali su njihove sumnje.

At home, Robert and Magdalena listened to foreign radio stations

Kod kuće su Robert i Magdalena slušali strane radio stanice

that the government first discouraged and later banned.

koje je vlada prvo proglasila nepoželjnima i kasnije zabranila.

While the government churned out national broadcasts which denied Nazi atrocities,

Dok je vlada stvarala državne emisije koje su negirale nacistička zvjerstva,

the Scholls learned shocking truths.

obitelj Scholl saznala je šokantnu istinu.

And yet, they were still subject to the rules of life in Hitler’s Germany.

Ali morali su se pokoravati pravilima života u Hitlerovoj Njemačkoj.

After the outbreak of war,

Nakon što je izbio rat,

Sophie reluctantly worked for the national effort,

Sophie je nevoljko radila za pomoć u ratu,

and Hans had to take on army duties while attending medical school in Munich.

Hans je tijekom studija medicine u Münchenu morao krenuti u vojsku.

That was where Hans met Christoph Probst, Willi Graf and Alexander Schmorell.

Tamo je upoznao Christopha Probsta, Willija Grafa i Alexandera Schmorella.

Day by day, each grew more sickened by Nazi ideology.

Svakim danom nacistička ideologija gadila im se sve više.

They longed to share their views.

Čeznuli su da podijele svoja mišljenja.

But how could they spread them, when it was impossible to know who to trust?

Ali kako su ih mogli podijeliti kad je bilo nemoguće znati kome vjerovati?

And so, the friends decided to rebel anonymously.

I tako su se prijatelji odlučili pobuniti anonimno.

They pooled their money and bought printing materials.

Skupili su novac i kupili materijal za tisak.

An acquaintance let them use a cellar under his studio.

Poznanik im je dao da koriste podrum ispod svog stana.

In secret, they began drafting their message.

U tajnosti počeli su pisati svoju poruku.

In June 1942, mysterious anti-Nazi leaflets began appearing all over Munich.

U lipnju 1942. tajanstveni protunacistički letci pojavili su se po cijelom Münchenu.

They were signed: the White Rose.

Imali su potpis: Bijela ruža.

The first leaflet denounced Hitler

U prvom se letku odricalo Hitlera

and called for Germans to sabotage the war effort:

i pozivalo Nijemce da sabotiraju rat:

“Adopt passive resistance…

"Pružite pasivni otpor...

block the functioning of this atheistic war machine before it is too late,

spriječite funkcioniranje tog ateističkog ratnog stroja prije nego postane prekasno,

before the last city is a heap of rubble…

prije nego što i posljednji grad postane hrpa ruševina...

before the last youth of our nation bleeds to death...

prije nego što naša mladež iskrvari do smrti...

Don’t forget that each people gets the government it deserves!”

Ne zaboravite da svaki narod dobiva vladu koju zaslužuje!"

At a time when a sarcastic remark could constitute treason,

U vrijeme kada sarkastična primjedba može biti čin izdaje,

this language was unprecedented.

ovaj je jezik bio neviđen.

It was written mostly by Hans Scholl.

Napisao ga je većinom Hans Scholl.

In 1942, Sophie came to Munich knowing nothing of her brother’s activities.

Sophie je u München došla 1942. bez da je znala za aktivnosti svoga brata.

She soon encountered the leaflets at school.

Ubrzo je letke vidjela na fakultetu.

But it was not until she discovered evidence in Han’s room

Ali tek kada je otkrila dokaze u Hansovoj sobi

that she realized who’d written them.

shvatila je tko ih je napisao.

Her shock soon gave way to resolve: she wanted in.

Njen šok ubrzo je rezultirao odlučnošću: htjela je biti dio toga.

For both siblings, it was time to escalate the fury that had been brewing for years.

Za njih je to bilo vrijeme da se pusti bijes koji se nakupljao godinama.

From June 1942 to February 1943, the group worked feverishly.

Od lipnja 1942. do veljače 1943. grupa je uzbuđeno radila.

While the Gestapo searched for leads,

Dok je Gestapo tražio tragove,

the White Rose were constantly on guard.

članovi Bijele ruže bili su stalno na oprezu.

The war raged on. Regulations tightened, and Munich suffered air raids.

Rat je bijesnio. Propisi su postali stroži i München je pretprio zračne napade.

But the White Rose ventured deeper into conspiracy.

Bijela ruža urotila se još više.

They graffitied buildings and braved trains swarming with Gestapo.

Crtali su grafite i hrabro se vozili vlakovima punima oficira Gestapa.

In the winter of 1942,

U zimi 1942.,

Hans made a treacherous journey to the Czechoslovakian border

Hans je napravio čin izdaje i otputovao do čehoslovačke granice

to meet anti-Nazi rebels.

kako bi se susreo s protunacističkim pobunjenicima.

On February 18, 1943,

Osamnaeste veljače 1943.,

Sophie and Hans brought a suitcase of leaflets to their university.

Sophie i Hans donijeli su kofer s letcima na fakultet.

A custodian noticed what they were doing and reported them to the Gestapo.

Čuvar ih je spazio i prijavio Gestapu.

Both calmly denied any involvement—

Oboje su mirno porekli da su uključeni u taj čin,

until the police gathered all the leaflets and placed them back in the empty case,

sve dok policija nije sakupila sve letke i stavila ih natrag u prazan kovčeg,

where they fit perfectly.

gdje su stali savršeno.

When Hans and Sophie confessed,

Kada su Hans i Sophie priznali,

they were immediately led to court and sentenced to death by guillotine.

odmah su odvedeni na sud i kažnjeni na smrt giljotinom.

Despite a grueling interrogation, the two refused to betray their co-conspirators.

Usprkos napornom ispitivanju, odbili su izdati suradnike u uroti.

Before her execution, Sophie declared her fury at the state of her country.

Prije smaknuća, Sophie je izjavila da je bijesna zbog stanja u svojoj zemlji.

But she also spoke to a more hopeful future:

Ali je također govorila o budućnosti punoj nade:

“How can we expect righteousness to prevail when there is hardly anyone

"Kako možemo očekivati da pobijedi pravednost kada se gotovo nitko

willing to give himself up individually to a righteous cause?

osobno ne želi posvetiti pravednom cilju?

Such a fine, sunny day, and I have to go,

Tako je lijep i sunčan dan, a ja moram ići,

but what does my death matter, if through us,

ali što znači moja smrt, ako se zbog nas

thousands of people are awakened and stirred to action?”

tisuće ljudi probude i krenu djelovati?"