Should we be looking for life elsewhere in the universe? - Aomawa Shields

Da li bi trebalo da tragamo za životom negde drugde u univerzumu? - Aomava Šilds

624,671 views

2016-07-25 ・ TED-Ed


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Should we be looking for life elsewhere in the universe? - Aomawa Shields

Da li bi trebalo da tragamo za životom negde drugde u univerzumu? - Aomava Šilds

624,671 views ・ 2016-07-25

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković
00:07
Astronomers have discovered thousands of planets orbiting stars other than the Sun.
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Astronomi su otkrili hiljade planeta koje kruže oko zvezda mimo Sunca.
00:12
They come in all sizes,
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Ima ih raznih veličina,
00:14
at different orbital distances from their stars.
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različite udaljenosti orbite od njihove zvezde.
00:16
The closest of them are trillions of miles away,
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Najbliže od njih su udaljene trilionima kilometara,
00:20
and even the largest are just fuzzy patches
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a čak su i najveće od njih samo nejasne mrlje
00:22
in the fields of high-powered telescopes.
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na vidiku moćnih teleskopa.
00:25
But if one of these planets is close in size to the Earth
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Ali ako je jedna odo ovih planeta veličinom približna Zemlji
00:28
and orbits not too close and too far away from its parent star,
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i orbitira ni previše blizu, ni previše daleko od svoje zvezde roditelja,
00:33
it could be rocky and warm enough to have oceans
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mogla bi da bude stenovita i topla dovoljno da ima okeane,
00:37
and perhaps life.
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a možda i život.
00:39
Astronomers discover these potentially habitable planets,
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Astronomi otkrivaju ove potencijalno naseljive planete
00:42
and their eyes get big and wide.
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i oči im se povećaju i rašire.
00:45
Could one of these distant worlds carry the building blocks of life?
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Da li bi jedan od ovih udaljenih svetova mogao da nosi gradivne elemente života?
00:49
Or even a living, breathing, civilization?
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Ili čak živu, dišuću civilizaciju?
00:52
Is the question, "Are we alone in the universe?" about to be answered?
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Da li ćemo uskoro da odgovorimo na pitanje: "Da li smo sami u univerzumu"?
00:57
But wait.
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Samo malo.
00:59
Maybe we should ask a different question first.
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Možda bi prvo trebalo da pitamo drugo pitanje.
01:02
Should we try to find out if we're alone in the universe?
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Da li bi trebalo da otkrijemo da li smo sami u univerzumu?
01:06
If we do find the atmospheric fingerprints of life
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Ako otkrijemo atmosferske tragove života
01:08
on one of these small, distant worlds,
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na jednom od ovih malih, udaljenih svetova,
01:11
should we try to contact any beings who may live there?
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da li bi trebalo da kontaktiramo s nekim od bića koja možda tamo žive?
01:15
Is that wise?
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Da li je to mudro?
01:17
Three decades ago, NASA decided the answer was yes.
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Pre tri decenije, NASA je odlučila da je odgovor da.
01:21
Voyager 1 and 2 were launched in 1977
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Vojadžer 1 i 2 su lansirani 1977.
01:24
to explore the giant planets in the solar system.
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kako bi istraživali džinovske planete u solarnom sistemu.
01:27
Each spacecraft carried a golden phonograph record,
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Svaka svemirska letelica je nosila zlatan fonografski zapis,
01:31
a time capsule of sorts that included clues and messages
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neku vrstu vremenske kapsule koja je uključivala tragove i poruke
01:35
meant to convey the story of human civilization.
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koje su trebale da sopšte priču o ljudskoj civilizaciji.
01:38
The contents of these gold-plated copper disks were chosen by a committee
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Sadržaj ovih pozlaćenih bakarnih diskova je odabrao komitet
01:43
chaired by American astronomer and author Carl Sagan.
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na čelu sa američkim astronomom i piscem Karlom Saganom.
01:47
They included over 100 images,
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Sadržale su preko 100 slika
01:49
and a range of sounds from the natural world:
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i opseg zvukova iz prirodnog sveta:
01:51
ocean waves,
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okeanskih talasa,
01:53
thunder,
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groma,
01:54
the sounds of birds
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zvuk ptica
01:55
and whales.
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i kitova.
01:56
The records also included music from many different time periods and cultures,
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Snimci su takođe sadržali muziku iz mnogih različitih vremenskih peroda i kultura,
02:00
greetings in 55 languages,
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pozdrave na 55 jezika
02:02
and messages from the President of the United States,
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i poruku od predsednika SAD-a
02:05
and the UN Secretary General.
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i generalnog sekretara UN-a.
02:08
They also included a map.
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Takođe su sadržali mapu.
02:10
Each golden record displays the location of our solar system
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Svaki zlatni zapis pokazuje lokaciju našeg solarnog sistema
02:14
with respect to fourteen pulsars.
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u odnosu na četrnaest pulsara.
02:17
Their precise, unique frequencies were indicated
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Njihove tačne, jedinstvene frekvencije su nagoveštene
02:20
so that intelligent, extraterrestrial lifeforms
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kako bi inteligentni, vanzemaljski oblici života
02:23
could use them to find the Earth.
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mogli da ih koriste da pronađu Zemlju.
02:26
Many years later, renowned physicist Stephen Hawking said
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Mnogo godina kasnije, ugledni fizičar Stiven Hoking je rekao
02:29
that it was a mistake to give an alien species a roadmap to our planet.
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da je bila greška odati vanzemaljskim vrstama mapu puta do naše planete.
02:34
Hawking suspected that any extraterrestrial life
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Hoking je pretpostavio da vanzemaljski život
02:37
probably wasn't any more complex than microbes,
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verovatno nije mnogo složeniji od mikroba,
02:40
but he warned that if an advanced alien species did visit Earth,
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ali je upozorio da ukoliko napredna vanzemaljska vrsta poseti Zemlju,
02:44
it could be as catastrophic as Christopher Columbus's arrival was
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to bi moglo da bude katastrofalno poput dolaska Kristifora Kolumba
02:48
for the Native Americans.
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za američke urođenike.
02:51
Meanwhile, the golden records continue their journeys.
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U međuvremenu, zlatni zapisi nastavljaju svoja putovanja.
02:54
In 1990, both Voyager spacecraft passed beyond the orbit of Pluto.
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Obe Vojadžerove svemirske letelice su 1990. prošle mimo Plutonove orbite.
03:00
Voyager 1 entered interstellar space in 2012,
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Vojadžer 1 je ušao u međuzvezdani prostor 2012.
03:04
and will reach the nearest stellar system in 40,000 years.
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i stići će do najbližeg zvezdanog sistema za 40.000 godina.
03:08
If either spacecraft is discovered by extraterrestrial life,
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Ako bilo koju svemirsku letelicu otkrije vanzemaljsko biće,
03:11
there's a possibility that they could decipher the clues from the golden record
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postoji mogućnost da bi mogli da dešifruju tragove sa zlatnog zapisa
03:15
and one day reach our planet.
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i jednog dana stignu na našu planetu.
03:18
That's particularly true
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To je naročito tačno,
03:19
if theirs is a much more technologically advanced civilization.
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ako bi se radilo o značajno tehnološki naprednijoj civilizaciji.
03:23
That life could be benevolent,
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Ta bića bi mogla da budu dobroćudna,
03:25
as we would hope to be if humans are one day able to achieve interstellar travel.
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kao što se nadamo da hoće,
ako ljudi jednom uspeju da ostvare međuzvezdana putovanja.
03:30
Or it could be hostile.
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Ili bi mogla da budu neprijateljska.
03:32
Searching for planets that might have life means staring into a great abyss.
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Traganje za planetama na kojima možda ima života znači zurenje u veliki ambis.
03:38
We'll likely have no clear knowledge of the evolutionary stage,
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Najverovatnije nećemo pouzdano znati evolutivni stadijum,
03:41
sentience,
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svesnost,
03:43
character,
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03:43
or intentions of the first form of life we discover.
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karakter
ili namere prvog oblika života koji otkrijemo.
03:47
So it's a risk to turn our eyes outwards.
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Stoga je rizično upraviti pogled ka spolja.
03:49
We risk our very way of life.
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Rizikujemo naš sami način života.
03:52
But it may be a greater risk not to look,
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Ali bi mogao da bude veći rizik odvratiti pogled,
03:55
to deny the very pioneering spirits that help shape our own species.
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negirati same pionirske duhove koji su pomogli u oblikovanju naše vrste.
04:01
We are all born curious about the world and the universe.
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Svi se rađamo znatiželjni o svetu i univerzumu.
04:04
Pursuing that curiosity is one of humankind's greatest achievements.
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Praćenje te znatiželje je jedno od najvećih dostignuća čovečanstva.
04:09
Perhaps there is room to push the frontiers of science,
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Možda ima mesta za pomeranje granica nauke,
04:11
provided that we cradle alongside our fervor
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s tim da negujemo uz to naš zanos,
04:15
another of humankind's greatest assets:
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još jednu od najvećih dragocenosti čovečanstva:
04:17
hope.
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nadu.
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