Why do honeybees love hexagons? - Zack Patterson and Andy Peterson

Zašto pčele vole šestouglove? - Zek Peterson i Endi Piterson (Zack Patterson and Andy Peterson)

2,655,874 views

2014-06-10 ・ TED-Ed


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Why do honeybees love hexagons? - Zack Patterson and Andy Peterson

Zašto pčele vole šestouglove? - Zek Peterson i Endi Piterson (Zack Patterson and Andy Peterson)

2,655,874 views ・ 2014-06-10

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuća Lektor: Mile Živković
00:06
Honeybees are fascinating creatures for a number of reasons:
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Pčele su fascinantna stvorenja iz više razloga:
njihove neverovatne radne etike,
00:11
their incredible work ethic,
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00:12
the sugary sweet syrup they produce
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slatkog sirupa koji proizvode
00:14
and their intricate social structure.
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i njihove složene društvene strukture.
00:16
But another reason is that honeybees are, in fact,
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Još jedan razlog je taj što su pčele zapravo
00:19
excellent mathematicians.
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izvanredni matematičari.
00:21
Scientists claim the tiny insects can calculate angles,
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Naučnici tvrde da ovi majušni insekti mogu da proračunaju uglove,
00:25
and can even comprehend the roundness of the Earth.
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pa čak i da mogu razumeti da je Zemlja okrugla.
00:28
But there's particular mathematical bee genius
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Ali postoji posebna matematička genijalnost pčela
00:31
behind the most important aspect of honeybee life: the hive.
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iza najvažnijeg aspekta života pčela: košnice.
00:34
Just like humans, bees need food and shelter to stay alive.
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Kao i ljudima, pčelama je potrebna hrana i sklonište da bi preživele.
00:38
The hive is not only the bees' home,
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Košnica je ne samo dom pčela,
00:41
but doubles as a place to store their honey.
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već istovremeno i mesto za skladištenje njihovog meda.
00:43
Since it's so central to survival,
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Pošto je tako važna za preživljavanje,
00:46
honeybees have to perfect the hive's architectural design.
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pčele moraju da usavrše arhitektonski dizajn košnice.
00:49
If you examine any piece of honeycomb,
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Ako istražite bilo koji deo košnice,
00:52
you'll see that it's constructed from
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videćete da je napravljena od
00:54
tightly packed hexagonal, or six-sided, cells.
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tesno zbijenih šestougaonih ili šestostranih ćelija.
00:58
Of all the possible designs,
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Od svih mogućih dizajna,
00:59
why do honeybees choose this one?
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zašto pčele biraju ovaj?
01:02
To understand, you need to think like a bee.
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Da biste to razumeli, morate misliti kao pćela.
01:04
Bees need a secure place for their entire colony to live.
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Pčelama je potrebno sigurno mesto na kome će živeti čitava kolonija.
01:08
Similarly, there needs to be a place
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Takođe, potrebno je i mesto
01:10
where their nectar can be stored and ripened suitably
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gde se njihov nektar može čuvati i valjano sazreti
01:13
until it turns into honey.
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dok se ne pretvori u med.
01:14
That means there's a need for some serious space efficiency.
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To znači da postoji potreba za promišljenim korišćenjem prostora.
01:18
A good solution is to build little storage units, or cells,
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Dobro rešenje je izgraditi male jedinice za skladištenje, ili ćelije,
01:22
just big enough for a bee to fit into,
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velike tek toliko da može stati pčela,
01:24
which can also double as the containers in which nectar is stored:
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koje se takođe mogu koristiti kao kontejneri u kojima se čuva nektar:
01:28
The bees' very own honey jars.
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pčelinje sopstvene tegle meda.
01:30
The next thing, is to decide what the little cells should be made out of.
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Sledeća stvar je odlučiti od čega će male ćelije biti napravljene.
01:34
Bees don't have beaks or arms to pick up things,
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Pčele nemaju kljunove niti ruke da podignu stvari,
01:37
but they are capable of producing wax.
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ali su sposobne da proizvode vosak.
01:40
The thing is, producing it is a lot of hard work.
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Stvar je u tome što treba mnogo napornog rada da bi se proizveo.
01:43
Bees have to consume 8 ounces of honey
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Pčele moraju da potroše 230 g meda
01:45
to produce just 1 ounce of wax.
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da bi proizvele svega 30 g voska.
01:48
So they don't want to waste it.
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Stoga ne žele da ga traće.
01:50
So, they need a design that allows them to store
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Dakle, potreban im je dizajn koji im omogućava da čuvaju
01:53
the largest possible amount of honey
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najveću moguću količinu meda
01:55
using the least amount of wax.
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koristeći najmanju količinu voska.
01:57
What shape does that?
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Koji oblik to omogućava?
01:59
Imagining for a minute that all bees had to
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Zamislimo na minut da su sve pčele morale
02:01
attend architecture academy and go to math class.
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da pohađaju akademiju za arhitekturu i idu na časove matematike.
02:04
Let's say they asked their geometry teacher,
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Recimo da su pitali svog učitelja geometrije:
02:06
"What shape would give us the most space to store our honey,
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"Koji oblik bi nam dao najviše prostora da čuvamo med,
02:10
but require the least amount of wax?"
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a zahtevao najmanju količinu voska?"
02:12
And then geometry teacher replied,
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Onda je učitelj geometrije odgovorio:
02:14
"The shape that you're seeking is the circle."
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"Oblik za kojim tragate je krug."
02:16
Leaving the bees to return to their trial construction site
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Ostavivši pčele da se vrate na svoje probno mesto izgradnje
02:19
and begin building their honeycomb using circular cells.
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i započnu sa građenjem košnice koristeći kružne ćelije.
02:23
After a while, some of them might have noticed
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Posle nekog vremena, neki od njih bi primetili
02:25
a problem with their design:
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problem sa dizajnom:
02:27
small gaps between the cells.
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mali razmak između ćelija.
02:29
"We can't even fit in there! That's wasted space!"
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"Ne možemo ni da stanemo unutra! To je traćenje prostora!",
02:32
they might have thought.
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pomislili bi.
02:34
So, ignoring the geometry lesson,
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Stoga, ignorišući lekciju geometrije
02:35
and taking matters into their own hands,
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i uzevši stvari u stvoje ruke,
02:38
the bees went back to the drawing board
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pčele se vratiše na tablu
02:39
to rethink their beehive design.
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da iznova osmisle dizajn košnice.
02:42
One suggested triangles,
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Neko je predložio trouglove:
02:43
"We can use triangles. Look! They fit together perfectly."
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"Možemo da koristimo trouglove. Pogledajte! Savršeno se poklapaju."
02:47
Another bee suggested squares.
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Druga pčela je predložila kvadrate.
02:49
Finally, a third bee piped up and said,
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Najzad, treća pčela uzviknu i reče:
02:52
"Pentagons don't seem to work, but hexagons do!
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"Petouglovi izgleda da ne funkcionišu, ali funkcionišu šestouglovi!
02:55
We want the one that will use the least amount of wax
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Hoćemo onaj oblik koji će koristiti najmanju količinu voska
02:58
and be able to store the most amount of honey.
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a moći da skladišti najveću količinu meda.
03:00
Yes, I think that's the hexagon."
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Da, mislim da je to šestougao."
03:02
"Why?"
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"Zašto?"
03:04
"It looks more like the circle than the others."
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"Više liči na krug od ostalih."
03:06
"But how do we know for sure?"
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"Ali kako da budemo sigurni?"
03:08
To find out, the industrious insect architects
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Da bi saznali, insekti industrijske arhitekte
03:10
calculated the areas of the triangle, the square and the hexagon
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su izračunali površine trougla, kvadrata i šestougla
03:14
and found that the hexagon was, in fact,
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i otkrili da je šestougao zapravo
03:17
the shape that gave them the most storage space.
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oblik koji je pružao najviše prostora za skladištenje.
03:20
They agreed on an ideal size and returned to work.
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Složili su se oko idealne veličine i vratili na posao.
03:23
The space efficient comb that is a bee's trademark today,
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Prostorno efikasna košnica koja je danas zaštitni znak pčela,
03:26
is probably the result of this trial and error,
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verovatno je rezultat ovih pokušaja i pogrešaka,
03:28
but over long periods of evolutionary history.
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ali tokom dugih perioda evolucione istorije.
03:31
However, it paid off.
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Kako bilo, isplatilo se.
03:33
Peek into any hive --
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Zavirite u bilo koju košnicu -
03:34
with your protective goggles and netting on, of course --
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sa zaštitnim naočarima i mrežom na sebi, naravno -
03:37
and you'll see the end result: a beautiful compact honeycomb
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i videćete rezultat: prelepa kompaktna košnica
03:40
that any architect would have be proud to design.
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kojom bi se svaki arhitekta ponosio da ju je dizajnirao.
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