What is a gig economy?

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Ivana Korom

The year is 1194.

Godina je 1194.

Maurice De Bracy, enemy to the English crown,

Moris de Brejsi, neprijatelj engleskog kraljevstva

is locked in combat with a mysterious Black Knight.

vodi žestoku borbu sa tajanstvenim Crnim Vitezom.

Suddenly, the Black Knight gains the upper hand.

Iznenada, Crni Vitez dobija premoć.

He whispers his true identity in De Bracy’s ear:

Šapuće svoj istinski identitet u de Brejsijevo uho:

King Richard the Lionheart of England.

kralj Ričard Lavlje Scre od Engleske.

De Bracy yields.

De Brejsi se povlači.

Later, De Bracy offers to let King Richard use his army of “Free Lances,”

Kasnije, de Brejsi nudi Kralju Ričardu na korišćenje armiju „Slobodnokopljaša”,

mercenary soldiers who were free to use their lances in service

vojnika plaćenika koji su bili slobodni da koriste svoje koplje u službi

of whoever paid the most.

onoga ko plati najviše.

That’s how it plays out in Sir Walter Scott’s 1819 novel, “Ivanhoe.”

Tako se odigrava radnja u romanu Ser Voltera Skota iz 1819, „Ajvanho”.

Scott didn’t coin the term, but it was probably this use that stuck,

Skot nije skovao termin, ali se verovatno njegova upotreba zadržala

and evolved to describe someone who works independently of any single company.

i razvila da opiše nekoga ko radi nezavisno od bilo koje firme.

That independence seems to make people happy.

Čini se da taj vid nezavisnosti čini ljude srećnima.

A 2016 survey of freelancers in six countries

Anketa iz 2016. godine među frilenserima iz šest država

found that those who freelance by choice— 70% of respondents, by the way—

je otkrila da su oni koji su odabrali da budu frilenseri - 70 odsto ispitanika -

were happier than people in traditional jobs,

srećniji od ljudi sa tradicionalnim poslovima,

specifically when it came to things like independence and flexibility

naročito kada se radilo o stvarima poput nezavisnosti i fleksibilnosti

in terms of where and when they work.

u smislu gde i kada rade.

In a survey conducted in the US,

U anketi sprovedenoj u SAD-u,

half of freelancers said there was no amount of money

polovina frilensera je rekla da nema tog novca

that would convince them to rejoin the traditional workforce.

koji bi ih ubedio da se vrate tradicionalnim poslovima.

At some point in your life— maybe even now—

U nekoj tački u životu - možda čak i sada -

you might wonder whether freelancing is right for you.

možda se pitate da li je frilensovanje prava stvar za vas.

You'll need a few things to be successful.

Trebaće vam nekoliko stvari da biste bili uspešni.

First, you'll need a skill that's in demand.

Prvo, potrebna vam je veština za kojom vlada potražnja.

This can be as universal as driving a car to as specialized as neurosurgery,

To može bit nešto univerzalno poput vožnje automobila

ili specijalizovano poput neurohirurgije,

and it can be in pretty much any field.

a može se raditi gotovo o bilo kojoj oblasti.

The more people who want your skill, and the fewer people who have it,

Što više ljudi želi vašu veštinu, a što je manje ljudi poseduje,

the more you can charge for your services.

više ćete naplaćivati svoje usluge.

Next, you’ll need to transform yourself into an entrepreneur.

Sledeće, moraćete se preobratiti u preduzetnika.

Before freelancers can do any work, they have to find it.

Pre nego što frilenseri počnu da rade bilo koji posao, moraju da ga nađu.

That takes marketing your services, negotiating contracts,

To zahteva reklamiranje vaših usluga, pregovaranje ugovora,

building a network of satisfied clients,

građenje mreže zadovoljnih klijenata,

and a whole set of administrative skills like project management,

kao i čitav skup administrativnih veština poput projektnog menadžmenta,

time management, and accounting.

menadžmenta vremena i računovodstva.

And thirdly, if you can afford it,

I treće, ako možete da priuštite,

it's probably a good idea to budget for some benefits for yourself

verovatno je dobro da odvajate novac za neke benefite za sebe

and maybe your family.

i možda za vašu porodicu.

Freelancers don’t automatically get perks that some salaried jobs offer,

Frilenseri automatski ne dobijaju privilegije koje nude stalni poslovi,

like paid vacation or sick leave, life insurance,

poput plaćenog odmora ili bolovanja, životnog osiguranja,

college tuition, or retirement plans.

školarine za fakultet ili penzionog.

In countries like the US,

U državama poput SAD-a,

where the government doesn’t provide healthcare to most people,

gde vlada ne pruža zdravstveno osiguranje većini ljudi,

freelancers are responsible for that, too.

frilenseri su i za to odgovorni.

Freelancing has been around for a long time;

Frilensovanje postoji već dugo vremena;

but digital freelancing platforms like Uber, Lyft, and Fiverr are pretty new.

digitalne pak frilenserske platforme poput Ubera, Lifta i Fajvera su prilična novina.

They say they’ll connect you with clients and take care of some

Tvrde da će vas povezati sa klijentima i da će se delom pobrinuti

of the entrepreneurial and administrative stuff so you can focus on the work.

o nekim preduzetničkim i administrativnim stvarima kako biste se fokusirali na rad.

But there are some hidden costs to consider.

Međutim, uzmite u obzir skrivene troškove.

First, your life may not be as flexible as you think.

Prvo, vaš život možda neće biti fleksibilan kao što mislite.

For example, if you're a rideshare driver, you get to choose when to work,

Na primer, ako ste vozač na taksi platformi, birate kada ćete raditi,

but not how:

ali ne kako:

the app recommends what route to take,

aplikacija preporučuje kojim rutama da idete,

enforces how you act with the threat of low customer ratings,

nameće vam kako da se ponašate pod pretnjom niskih ocena mušterija

and sets your rate.

i određuje vaše tarife.

Those rates may be so low that you end up working more

Te tarife mogu da budu toliko niske da na kraju radite više

than if you had a salaried full-time job.

nego na stalnom poslu s platom.

Speaking of rates,

Govoreći o tarifama,

it can be hard to figure out exactly how much money you’ll make.

može da bude teško izračunati tačno koliko novca ćete zaraditi.

Earnings vary based on location;

Zarade variraju u zavisnosti od lokacije;

platforms might advertise hourly rates that don’t factor in expenses,

platforme mogu da reklamiraju satnice koje ne uračunavaju troškove,

and large scale data on actual earnings is sparse.

a podaci širih razmera o stvarnim zaradama su retki.

One of the largest data sets we have is from Uber.

Jedan od najvećih skupova podataka koje imamo je iz Ubera.

It contains 740 million trips by 1.8 million drivers

Sadrži 740 miliona vožnji od strane 1,8 miliona vozača

between 2015 and 2017.

između 2015. i 2017.

Researchers analyzed these figures in a 2018 paper

Istraživači su analizirali te brojke u radu iz 2018.

and found that once you deduct Uber's cut and the cost of business expenses,

i otkrili da kada odbijete Uberov udeo i cenu poslovnih troškova,

drivers’ average earnings dropped from about $22 an hour to about $12 an hour.

prosečna zarada vozača pada sa oko $22 na sat na oko $12 na sat.

And buying benefits would reduce that number even more.

A plaćanje privilegija bi još više umanjilo taj broj.

And there is a lot of variability in working conditions

I radni uslovi uveliko variraju

across different gig platforms.

širom različitih frilenserskih platformi.

For example, the company 99 in Brazil operates a rideshare platform

Na primer, firma 99 iz Brazila upravlja taksi platformom

that many people use to deliver packages.

koju mnogi koriste za isporuku pošiljki.

Drivers are matched with shippers, and 99 takes a cut.

Vozači se povezuju sa pošiljaocima, a 99 uzima procenat.

The company’s terms and conditions hold both the shipper and the driver

Pravila i uslovi rada firme smatraju i pošiljaoca i vozača

liable for anything that could go wrong—

odgovornim za bilo šta što krene po zlu -

including things like if a package gets stolen.

uključujući stvari kao što je krađa pošiljke.

If you’re considering joining the app economy

Ako razmatrate da se pridružite aplikacijskoj ekonomiji,

and don’t want to read all the fine print,

a ne želite da čitate sitna slova,

there’s a network of researchers who publish ratings of platforms

postoji mreža istraživača koji objavljuju ocene platformi

based on five categories of fair employment.

na osnovu pet kategorija fer zapošljavanja.

Digital gig platforms come with drawbacks

Digitalne frilenserske platforme imaju mane

and may not provide a reliable living wage.

i možda ne pružaju pouzdanu zaradu.

But for many around the world who don’t have the luxury of choice

Međutim, za mnoge širom sveta koji nemaju luksuz izbora

and need to make money as soon as possible,

i potrebno im je što pre da zarade novac,

like, say, if you just lost your job,

kao na primer, ako ste upravo izgubili posao,

the gig economy is the easiest and fastest place to get hired.

ekonomija tezgi je najlakše i najbrže mesto da se zaposlite.

For this reason, some have called it an “alternative safety net.”

Iz ovog razloga su je neki nazvali „alternativnom bezbednosnom mrežom”.

So, considering all these factors and many others,

Stoga, uzevši sve ove faktore i mnoge druge,

should you dip your toes into the gig economy? Or dive in?

da li da umočite prste u ekonomiju tezgi? Ili da zaronite?

Ask yourself: how much do you value flexibility or autonomy?

Zapitajte se: koliko cenite fleksibilnost ili autonomiju?

Do you prefer to work within an established structure,

Da li više volite da radite unutar utvrđene strukture

or to make your own?

ili da izgradite sopstvenu?

Are you willing to network to find new clients?

Da li ste voljni da se povezujete i nalazite nove klijente?

Are you organized and self-directed?

Da li ste organizovani i disciplinovani?

And perhaps most importantly,

I možda najvažnije,

how much do you value knowing exactly what you'll earn from week to week?

koliko cenite saznanje tačno koliko ćete zarađivati iz sedmice u sedmicu?