What does the pancreas do? - Emma Bryce

Šta radi pankreas? - Ema Brajs (Emma Bryce)

Prevodilac: Mile Živković Lektor: Anja Saric

Beneath your ribs, you'll find, among other things, the pancreas,

Pod vašim rebrima pronaći ćete, između ostalog, pankreas,

an organ that works a lot like a personal health coach.

organ koji funkcioniše veoma nalik na ličnog trenera za zdravlje.

This organ controls your sugar levels and produces a special juice

Ovaj organ kontroliše vaš nivo šećera i proizvodi poseban sok

that releases the nutrients from your food

koji ispušta hranljive materije iz vaše hrane

to help keep you in the best possible shape.

kako biste ostali u najboljoj formi.

The pancreas sits just behind your stomach,

Pankreas se nalazi tik iza vašeg želuca, što je podesan dom, s obzirom

an appropriate home, as one of its jobs is to break down the food you eat.

da je jedno od njegovih zaduženja da razloži hranu koju jedete.

It aids digestion by producing a special tonic made of water,

On pomaže varenju tako što proizvodi poseban tonik od vode,

sodium bicarbonate,

natrijum-bikarbonata

and digestive enzymes.

i enzima za varenje.

Sodium bicarbonate neutralizes the stomach's natural acidity,

Natrijum-bikarbonat neutrališe prirodnu kiselost želuca,

so these digestive enzymes can perform their jobs.

tako da ovi enzimi za varenje mogu da rade svoj posao.

Lipase breaks down fatty substances,

Lipaza rastvara masne supstance,

protease splits up proteins,

proteaza razdvaja proteine

and amylase divides carbohydrates to create energy-rich sugars.

i amilaza deli ugljene hidrate kako bi stvorila šećere bogate energijom.

Most of those nutrients then get absorbed into the blood stream,

Većina tih hranljivih sastojaka onda se nosi u krvotok

and go on to enrich the body.

kako bi obogatili telo.

While all this is happening, the pancreas works on another critical task,

Dok se sve ovo dešava, pankreas radi na još jednom bitnom zadatku,

controlling the amount of sugar in your blood.

kontroliše količinu šećera u vašoj krvi.

It achieves this with the hormones insulin and glucagon,

Pankreas ovo postiže uz pomoć hormona insulina i glukagona,

which are produced in special cells called the Islets of Langerhans.

koji se proizvode u posebnim ćelijama koje se zovu Langerhansova ostrvca.

Having too much or too little sugar can be life threatening,

Ukoliko imate premalo ili previše šećera, to može da ugrozi vaš život,

so the pancreas must stay on constant alert.

tako da pankreas stalno mora da bude u stanju pripravnosti.

After a big meal, the blood often becomes flushed with sugar.

Nakon velikog obroka, krv se obično preplavi šećerom.

To bring us back to normal, the pancreas releases insulin,

Kako bi nas vratio u normalno stanje, pankreas luči insulin,

which makes the excess sugar move into cells,

od čega višak šećera prelazi u ćelije,

where it's either used as an energy source, or stored for later.

gde se ili koristi kao izvor energije, ili skladišti za kasnije.

Insulin also tells the liver to shut down sugar production.

Insulin takođe govori jetri da prestane s proizvodnjom šećera.

On the other hand, if blood sugar is low,

Sa druge strane, ako je šećer u krvi nizak,

the pancreas releases a hormone called glucagon

pankreas luči hormon zvani glukagon

that tells the body's cells and liver to release stored sugars

koji ćelijama u telu i jetri govori da luče skladišteni šećer

back into the bloodstream.

nazad u krvotok.

The interplay between insulin and glucagon is what keeps our sugar levels balanced.

Saradnja između insulina i glukagona je ono što održava ravnotežu nivoa šećera.

But a faulty pancreas can no longer coach us like this,

Ali neispravan pankreas više ne može da nas ovako savetuje,

meaning that this healthy balance is destroyed.

što znači da se uništava ova zdrava ravnoteža.

If it's weakened by disease,

Ako je oslabljen bolešću,

the organ's ability to produce insulin may be reduced, or even extinguished,

sposobnost pankreasa da proizvodi insulin može se smanjiti ili čak nestati,

which can trigger the condition known as diabetes.

što može da aktivira bolest poznatu kao dijabetes.

Without regular insulin release, sugar steadily builds up in the blood,

Bez redovnog lučenja insulina, šećer se polako gomila u krvi

eventually hardening the blood vessels and causing heart attacks,

i na kraju otvrdnjava krvne organe i izaziva srčane udare,

kidney failure,

insufijenciju bubrega

and strokes.

i moždane udare.

The same lack of insulin deprives cells of the energy-rich sugar

Isti nedostatak insulina ćelije uskraćuje od šećera bogatom energijom

they need to grow and function.

koji im je potreban da rastu i funkcionišu.

People with diabetes also tend to have higher levels of glucagon,

Ljudi sa dijabetesom takođe često imaju više nivoe glukagona,

which makes even more sugar circulate.

od čega cirkuliše još više šećera.

Without this internal health coach, our sugar levels would go haywire,

Bez ovog unutrašnjeg trenera za zdravlje, naš nivo šećera bio bi u neredu,

and we wouldn't be able to digest important nutrients.

i ne bismo mogli da svarimo bitne hranljive materije.

But like any coach,

Ali poput svakog trenera,

it's not the pancreas' job alone to keep us healthy.

nije zaduženje samog pankreasa da nam čuva zdravlje.

It needs our conscious participation, too.

Potrebno je i naše svesno učešće.