What's invisible? More than you think - John Lloyd

Šta je nevidljivo? Više nego što mislite: Džon Lojd (John Lloyd)

Translator: tom carter Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar

Prevodilac: Ivana Korom Lektor: Tatjana Jevdjic

(Muzika)

(Circus music)

[Ted N' Ed's Carnival]

[Ted i Ed karneval - otvoren svaki dan, ceo dan; Ju Čub Komon - ulaz sa Gugl autoputa]

[John Lloyd's Inventory of the Invisible]

[Inventar nevidljivih stvari Džona Lojda]

[Adapted from a TEDTalk given by John Lloyd in 2009]

[Adaptirano iz TEDTalk govora Džona Lojda 2009.]

Naš sledeći govornik je proveo celu karijeru evocirajući osećaj radoznalosti.

June Cohen: Our next speaker has spent his whole career

eliciting that sense of wonder.

Molim vas pozdravite Džona Lojda. (Aplauz)

Please welcome John Lloyd.

(Applause)

Pitanje je: šta je nevidljivo?

[Hall of Mirrors]

The question is, "What is invisible?"

Mnogo više nego što mislite.

There's more of it than you think, actually.

Everything, I would say -- everything that matters --

Sve, rekao bih – sve što je važno –

Except every thing, and except matter.

Osim svake stvari i svake materije.

We can see matter

Materiju možemo da vidimo,

but we can't see what's the matter.

ali ne možemo videti šta je u pitanju.

We can see the stars and the planets but we can't see what holds them apart,

Možemo da vidimo zvezde i planete, ali ne vidimo šta ih razdvaja

or what draws them together.

ili šta ih privlači.

With matter as with people, we see only the skin of things,

Kod materije, kao i kod ljudi, vidimo samo površinu stvari,

ne vidimo mehanizam, ono što pokreće ljude,

we can't see into the engine room, we can't see what makes people tick,

at least not without difficulty,

bar ne sa lakoćom,

and the closer we look at anything, the more it disappears.

i što detaljnije gledamo,

to neka stvar više nestaje.

In fact, if you look really closely at stuff,

Zapravo, ako detaljno pogledate stvari i osnovnu podstrukturu materije,

if you look at the basic substructure of matter,

there isn't anything there.

tamo ne postoji ništa. Elektroni nestaju u nekoj gužvi i postoji samo energija.

Electrons disappear in a kind of fuzz, and there is only energy.

One of the interesting things about invisibility is,

Zanimljivo u vezi sa nevidljivošću je da ono što ne vidimo

the things that we can's see, we also can't understand.

mi ni ne razumemo.

Gravity is one thing that we can't see, and which we don't understand.

Gravitaciju ne vidimo i ne razumemo je.

It's the least understood of all the four fundamental forces,

Od četiri osnovne sile, nju najmanje razumemo,

and the weakest, and nobody really knows what it is or why it's there.

najslabija je, niko stvarno ne zna šta je ili zašto postoji.

For what it's worth, Sir Isaac Newton, the greatest scientist who ever lived,

Samo da pomenem, Ser Isak Njutn, najveći naučnik svih vremena

je mislio da je Isus došao na Zemlju da bi upravljao polugama gravitacije.

he thought Jesus came to Earth specifically

to operate the levers of gravity.

That's what he thought he was there for.

To je on mislio da Isus radi.

So, bright guy, could be wrong on that one, I don't know.

Pametan momak, ali ovde je možda pogrešio, ne znam. (Smeh)

(Laughter)

Consciousness. I see all your faces; I've no idea what any of you are thinking.

Svest. Vidim vaša lica; nemam pojma o čemu razmišljate.

Isn't that amazing?

Zar to nije fantastično? Zar nije neverovatno, da ne možemo da čitamo misli,

Isn't it incredible that we can't read each other's minds,

kad možemo da se dodirnemo, okusimo, ali ne i da čitamo misli?

when we can touch each other, taste each other,

perhaps, if we get close enough, but we can't read each other's minds.

Mislim da je to zaista zapanjujuće.

I find that quite astonishing.

In the Sufi faith, this great Middle Eastern religion

U sufizmu, velikoj religiji Srednjeg istoka, za koju se tvrdi da je koren svih religija,

which some claim is the root of all religions,

Sufi masters are all telepaths, so they say,

svi učitelji imaju moć telepatije, navodno,

but their main exercise of telepathy

ali najveća telepatska vežba im je slanje signala svima ostalima da ona ne postoji.

is to send out powerful signals to the rest of us that it doesn't exist.

So that's why we don't think it exists; the Sufi masters working on us.

Zato mi mislimo da ne postoji; sufi učitelji su nas ubedili.

In the question of consciousness and artificial intelligence,

Po pitanju svesti i veštačke inteligencije,

artificial intelligence has really, like the study of consciousness,

veštačka inteligencija nije, kao i nauka o svesti,

gotten nowhere, we have no idea how consciousness works.

daleko dogurala, nemamo pojma kako svest funkcioniše.

Not only have they not created artificial intelligence,

Ne samo da veštačka inteligencija nije stvorena,

they haven't yet created artificial stupidity.

još nije stvorena ni veštačka glupost.

(Laughter)

The laws of physics: invisible, eternal, omnipresent, all powerful.

Zakoni fizike: nevidljivo, večno, sveprisutno, svemoguće.

Remind you of anyone?

Je l' vas podseća na nekoga?

Interesting.

Zanimljivo. Pogađate, nisam materijalista, ja sam nematerijalista.

I'm, as you can guess, not a materialist, I'm an immaterialist.

And I've found a very useful new word -- ignostic.

Postoji korisna nova reč – ignostik. OK? To sam ja, [bog?]

Okay? I'm an ignostic.

[God?]

I refuse to be drawn on the question on whether God exists

Odbijam da me zanima pitanje da li bog postoji,

until somebody properly defines the terms.

dok neko propisno ne definiše pojmove.

Another thing we can't see is the human genome.

Još jedna stvar koju ne vidimo je ljudski genom.

And this is increasingly peculiar, because about 20 years ago

Ovo je sve zanimljivije, jer pre 20 godina,

when they started delving into the genome, they thought it would probably contain

kada su počeli da petljaju sa genomom, mislili su da verovatno sadrži

oko 100 hiljada gena. Od tada,

around 100 thousand genes.

Every year since, it's been revised downwards.

sve ih je manje. Sada mislimo da u ljudskom genomu ima

We now think there are likely to be just over 20 thousand genes

in the human genome.

nešto više od 20.000 gena.

This is extraordinary, because rice -- get this --

Ovo je zanimljivo, jer pazite ovo –

rice is known to have 38 thousand genes.

zna se da pirinač ima 38.000 gena.

Potatoes have 48 chromosomes, two more than people,

Krompir ima 48 hromozoma, dva više od ljudi

and the same as a gorilla.

i isto koliko i gorila. (Smeh)

(Laughter)

You can't see these things, but they are very strange.

Ove stvari ne možete videti, ali su veoma čudne.

The stars by day, I always think that's fascinating.

Zvezde preko dana, mislim da je to začuđujuće.

The universe disappears.

Univerzum nestaje. Što više svetla ima, manje možete da vidite.

The more light there is, the less you can see.

Time. Nobody can see time.

Vreme. Niko ne vidi vreme.

I don't know if you know this.

Ne znam da li znate, postoji veliki pokret u modernoj fizici

There's a big movement in modern physics

to decide that time doesn't really exist,

da se zaključi da vreme ne postoji, jer je previše nezgodno za brojke.

because it's too inconvenient for the figures.

It's much easier if it's not really there.

Mnogo je lakše ako ne postoji.

You can't see the future, obviously,

Ne možete da vidite budućnost, očigledno,

and you can't see the past, except in your memory.

kao ni prošlost, osim u sećanju.

One of the interesting things about the past

Zanimljiva stvar u vezi sa prošlošću koju ne vidite –

is you particularly can't see --

my son asked me this the other day,

sin me je upitao: "Tata, je l' se sećaš kakav sam ja bio sa dve godine?"

"Dad, can you remember what I was like when I was two?

And I said, "Yes." He said, "Why can't I?"

Rekao sam da. Pitao je: "Zašto se ja ne sećam?"

Isn't that extraordinary?

Zar to nije neobično? Ne sećate se šta se desilo pre druge ili treće godine.

You cannot remember what happened to you earlier than the age of two or three.

Which is great news for psychoanalysts, because otherwise they'd be out of a job.

To je sjajno za psihoanalitičare, inače bi ostali bez posla.

Jer tu se dešavaju stvari (Smeh)

Because that's where all the stuff happens

(Laughter)

that makes you who you are.

koje vas čine onim što jeste.

Another thing you can't see is the grid on which we hang.

Ne vidi se ni mreža na kojoj visimo.

This is fascinating.

To je fascinantno. Verovatno znate da se ćelije stalno obnavljaju.

You probably know, some of you, that cells are continually renewed.

Skin flakes off, hairs grow, nails, that kind of stuff --

Koža se peruta, dlake rastu, nokti, takve stvari –

but every cell in your body is replaced at some point.

ali svaka ćelija u vašem telu se u nekom trenutku zameni.

Taste buds, every ten days or so.

Ćelije ukusa, na svakih desetak dana.

Livers and internal organs take a bit longer.

Za jetru i unutrašnje organe je potrebno malo duže.

Spine takes several years.

Kičmi treba nekoliko godina.

But at the end of seven years, not one cell in your body

Ali posle 7 godina, u vašem telu ne ostaje

remains from what was there seven years ago.

nijedna ćelija koja je bila tu pre tih 7 godina.

The question is: who then are we? What are we?

Pitanje je: ko smo onda mi? Šta smo? Na čemu visimo?

What is this thing that we hang on?

That is actually us?

Da li smo to mi?

Atoms, can't see them. Nobody ever will.

Atome ne vidimo. Niko nikad neće. Manji su od talasne dužine svetla.

They're smaller than the wavelength of light.

Gas, can't see that.

Ni gas ne vidimo. Zanimljivo, neko je skoro pomenuo 1600.

Interesting, somebody mentioned 1600 recently.

Gas was invented in 1600 by a Dutch chemist called van Helmont.

Gas je 1600. pronašao holandski hemičar Van Helmont.

It's said to be the most successful ever invention of a word by a known individual.

Od poznatih ljudi koji su izmislili reči, kaže se da je ova najuspešnija.

Quite good. He also invented a word called "blas," meaning astral radiation.

Prilično je dobra. Izmislio je i reč blas – zvezdana radijacija.

Didn't catch on, unfortunately.

To se na žalost nije zadržalo. (Smeh)

(Laughter)

But well done, him.

Ali, bravo za njega. Svetlost ne možete da vidite.

Light -- you can't see light.

When it's dark, in a vacuum,

Kad je mračno, u vakuumu, ako vam neko sija pravo u oči, nećete videti.

if a person shines a beam of light

straight across your eyes, you won't see it.

Slightly technical, some physicists will disagree with this.

Tehnički, neki fizičari se ne bi složili. Čudno je da ne vidite snop svetla,

But it's odd that you can't see the beam of light,

vidite samo ono na šta pada.

you can only see what it hits.

Electricity, can't see that.

Ne vidite elektricitet. Ne dajte da vam iko kaže da razume elektricitet.

Don't let anyone tell you they understand electricity, they don't.

Nobody knows what it is.

(Laughter)

Niko ne zna šta je to. (Smeh) Mislite da se elektroni u žici kreću brzo,

You probably think the electrons in an electric wire move instantaneously

down a wire, don't you, at the speed of light,

kroz žicu, brzinom svetlosti, kad upalite svetlo, zar ne?

when you turn the light on, they don't.

Nije istina. Elektroni se kreću otprilike brzinom meda koji teče.

Electrons bumble down the wire,

about the speed of spreading honey, they say.

Galaxies -- hundred billion of them,

Galaksije, misli se da ih ima stotinu milijardi u univerzumu.

estimated in the universe. Hundred billion.

How many can we see?

Koliko vidimo? Golim okom, pet, od sto milijardi.

Five. Five, out of a hundred billion galaxies, with the naked eye.

And one of them is quite difficult to see, unless you've got very good eyesight.

Jedna se vidi jako teško, osim ako imate dobar vid.

Radio waves. There's another thing.

Radio talasi. Kad ih je otkrio, 1887., Hajrih Herc

Heinrich Hertz, when he discovered radio waves, in 1887,

ih je nazvao radio talasima jer su emitovali talase.

he called them radio waves because they radiated.

Neko ga je pitao koja je svrha talasa koje je pronašao.

Somebody said to him, "What's the point of these, Heinrich?

What's the point of these radio waves that you've found?"

Rekao je da nema pojma, ali neko će valjda nekad naći svrhu.

And he said, "Well, I've no idea,

but I guess somebody will find a use for them someday.

Najveća nevidiljiva stvar je ono što ne znamo.

The biggest thing that's invisible to us is what we don't know.

It is incredible how little we know.

Neverovatno je kako malo znamo.

Thomas Edison once said,

Tomas Edison je jednom rekao da ne znamo 1% milionitog dela bilo čega.

"We don't know one percent of one millionth about anything."

And I've come to the conclusion --

I zaključio sam –

because you ask this other question: "What's another thing we can't see?"

jer pitate i: šta još ne vidimo?

Većina ne vidi poentu. Šta je poenta?

The point, most of us. What's the point?

The point -- what I've got it down to

Poenta je da postoje samo dva vredna pitanja.

is there are only two questions really worth asking.

"Why are we here?",

Zašto smo ovde i šta bi trebalo da uradimo dok smo tu?

and "What should we do about it while we are?"

To help you, I've got two things to leave you with, from two great philosophers,

Da vam pomognem, ostavljam vam dve stvari, od dva velika filozofa,

perhaps two of the greatest philosopher thinkers of the 20th century.

možda dva najveća mislioca dvadesetog veka.

Jedan je matematičar i inženjer, drugi je pesnik.

One a mathematician and engineer, and the other a poet.

The first is Ludwig Wittgenstein,

Prvi je Ludvig Vitgenštajn, koji je rekao:

who said, "I don't know why we are here,

"Ne znam zašto smo ovde, ali sam siguran da nije da bismo uživali."

but I am pretty sure it's not in order to enjoy ourselves."

(Laughter)

He was a cheerful bastard, wasn't he?

Bio je veseo prokletnik, zar ne? (Smeh)

(Laughter)

And secondly, and lastly, W.H. Auden, one of my favorite poets,

Drugi, za kraj, V.H. Oden, jedan od meni omiljenih pesnika,

who said, "We are here on Earth to help others.

rekao je: "Mi smo tu da pomažemo drugima. Zašto su oni tu, nemam pojma."

What the others are here for, I've no idea."

(Laughter)

(Applause)

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[Continue your journey into the unknown!]

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