What's invisible? More than you think - John Lloyd

Što je nevidljivo? Više nego mislite - John Lloyd

Translator: tom carter Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar

Prevoditelj: Ivan Stamenković Recezent: Tilen Pigac - EFZG

(Glazba)

(Circus music)

[Ted N' Ed's Carnival]

[Karneval Teda i Eda, otvoren svaki dan - cijeli dan]

[John Lloyd's Inventory of the Invisible]

[Inventar nevidljivoga Johna Lloyda]

[Adapted from a TEDTalk given by John Lloyd in 2009]

[Adaptirano iz TEDTalka Johna Lloyda iz 2009.]

Naš sljedeći govornik proveo je čitavu karijeru izmamljujući taj osjećaj čuda.

June Cohen: Our next speaker has spent his whole career

eliciting that sense of wonder.

Molim vas pozdravite Johna Lloyda. (Pljesak)

Please welcome John Lloyd.

(Applause)

Pitanje je: što je nevidljivo?

[Hall of Mirrors]

The question is, "What is invisible?"

Više je toga nego što mislite, zapravo.

There's more of it than you think, actually.

Everything, I would say -- everything that matters --

Sve, rekao bih -- sve što je važno --

Except every thing, and except matter.

Osim svake stvari, i materije.

We can see matter

Možemo vidjeti materiju

but we can't see what's the matter.

ali ne možemo vidjeti u čemu je problem.(materija-igra riječi).

We can see the stars and the planets but we can't see what holds them apart,

Možemo vidjeti zvijezde i planete, ali ne možemo vidjeti što ih razdvaja,

or what draws them together.

ili što ih privlači.

With matter as with people, we see only the skin of things,

S materijom kao i s ljudima, vidimo samo kožu stvari,

ne možemo vidjeti u strojarnicu, ne možemo vidjeti što pokreće ljude,

we can't see into the engine room, we can't see what makes people tick,

at least not without difficulty,

barem ne bez poteškoća,

and the closer we look at anything, the more it disappears.

i što bliže gledamo bilo što,

više nestaje.

In fact, if you look really closely at stuff,

Zapravo, ako pogledate stvarno blizu neku stvar, ako pogledate osnovnu strukturu tvari,

if you look at the basic substructure of matter,

there isn't anything there.

nema ničeg tamo. Elektroni nestaju u nekoj izmaglici, i postoji samo energija.

Electrons disappear in a kind of fuzz, and there is only energy.

One of the interesting things about invisibility is,

Jedna od zanimljivosti kod nevidljivosti je da stvari koje ne vidimo,

the things that we can's see, we also can't understand.

ne možemo ni razumjeti.

Gravity is one thing that we can't see, and which we don't understand.

Gravitacija je jedna stvar koju ne vidimo, i ne razumijemo.

It's the least understood of all the four fundamental forces,

Ona je najmanje razumljiva od četiri osnovne sile,

and the weakest, and nobody really knows what it is or why it's there.

i najslabija, i nitko ne zna što je ona ni zašto je ovdje.

For what it's worth, Sir Isaac Newton, the greatest scientist who ever lived,

Valja spomenuti kako je Sir Isaac Newton, najveći znanstvenik koji je ikad živio,

mislio kako je Isus došao na zemlju kako bi upravljao ručicama gravitacije.

he thought Jesus came to Earth specifically

to operate the levers of gravity.

That's what he thought he was there for.

Mislio je da je on zato bio tu.

So, bright guy, could be wrong on that one, I don't know.

Dakle, bistar momak, mogao je pogriješiti vezano uz to, ne znam. (Smijeh)

(Laughter)

Consciousness. I see all your faces; I've no idea what any of you are thinking.

Svijest. Vidim vaša lica, ali nemam pojma o čemu razmišljate.

Isn't that amazing?

Nije li to čudesno? Nije li nevjerojatno da ne možemo čitati tuđe umove,

Isn't it incredible that we can't read each other's minds,

kada možemo dodirnuti jedni druge, okusiti jedni druge, ako se dovoljno približimo, ali ne možemo čitati umove.

when we can touch each other, taste each other,

perhaps, if we get close enough, but we can't read each other's minds.

To mi je zapanjujuće.

I find that quite astonishing.

In the Sufi faith, this great Middle Eastern religion

U Sufi vjeri, ovoj velikoj vjeri sa Bliskog istoka za koju tvrde da je korijen svih religija,

which some claim is the root of all religions,

Sufi masters are all telepaths, so they say,

majstori Sufija su svi telepati, tako kažu,

but their main exercise of telepathy

ali njihova osnovna zadaća kao telepata je da nama ostalima šalju snažne signale kako telepatija ne postoji.

is to send out powerful signals to the rest of us that it doesn't exist.

So that's why we don't think it exists; the Sufi masters working on us.

Zato mislimo da ne postoji; Sufi majstori rade na nama.

In the question of consciousness and artificial intelligence,

Po pitanju svijesti i umjetne inteligencije,

artificial intelligence has really, like the study of consciousness,

umjetna inteligencija je zapravo kao i proučavanje svijesti,

gotten nowhere, we have no idea how consciousness works.

stigla nigdje, nemamo pojma kako svijest funkcionira.

Not only have they not created artificial intelligence,

Ne samo da nisu stvorili umjetnu inteligenciju,

they haven't yet created artificial stupidity.

nisu još kreirali umjetnu glupost.

(Laughter)

The laws of physics: invisible, eternal, omnipresent, all powerful.

Zakoni fizike: nevidljivi, vječni, sveprisutni, svemoćni.

Remind you of anyone?

Podsjeća li vas to na nekoga?

Interesting.

Zanimljivo. Ja sam, kao što možete pogoditi, nematerijalist.

I'm, as you can guess, not a materialist, I'm an immaterialist.

And I've found a very useful new word -- ignostic.

I našao sam zanimljivu novu riječ -- ignostik. Okej? Ja sam ignostik, [Bog?]

Okay? I'm an ignostic.

[God?]

I refuse to be drawn on the question on whether God exists

Odbijam biti uvučen u raspravu postoji li Bog

until somebody properly defines the terms.

dok netko propisno ne definira uvjete.

Another thing we can't see is the human genome.

Još jedna stvar koju ne možemo vidjeti je ljudski genom.

And this is increasingly peculiar, because about 20 years ago

I ovo je sve više čudno, jer prije otprilike 20 godina

when they started delving into the genome, they thought it would probably contain

kada su počeli istraživati genom, pretpostavili su da će sadržavati

oko sto tisuća gena. Svake godine otada,

around 100 thousand genes.

Every year since, it's been revised downwards.

smanjili su brojku. Sada mislimo kako najvjerojatnije postoji tek nešto više od 20 tisuća gena

We now think there are likely to be just over 20 thousand genes

in the human genome.

u ljudskom genomu.

This is extraordinary, because rice -- get this --

Ovo je čudesno, jer riža -- pazite ovo --

rice is known to have 38 thousand genes.

riža ima 38 tisuća gena.

Potatoes have 48 chromosomes, two more than people,

Krumpir -- krumpir ima 48 kromosoma, dva više od ljudi,

and the same as a gorilla.

i isto koliko i gorila. (Smijeh)

(Laughter)

You can't see these things, but they are very strange.

Ne možete vidjeti ove stvari, ali one su jako čudne.

The stars by day, I always think that's fascinating.

Zvijezde po danu, ja uvijek mislim kako je to fascinantno.

The universe disappears.

Svemir nestaje. Što je više svjetla, manje možete vidjeti.

The more light there is, the less you can see.

Time. Nobody can see time.

Vrijeme. Nitko ne vidi vrijeme.

I don't know if you know this.

Ne znam znate li ovo. Moderni fizičari -- postoji veliki pokret u modernoj fizici

There's a big movement in modern physics

to decide that time doesn't really exist,

kako bi se odlučilo da vrijeme zapravo ne postoji, jer je previše neprikladno za brojke.

because it's too inconvenient for the figures.

It's much easier if it's not really there.

Puno je jednostavnije ako nije zapravo tu.

You can't see the future, obviously,

Ne možete vidjeti budućnost, očito,

and you can't see the past, except in your memory.

i ne možete vidjeti prošlost, osim u svom sjećanju.

One of the interesting things about the past

Kod prošlosti je zanimljivo to što osobito ne možete vidjeti --

is you particularly can't see --

my son asked me this the other day,

moj sin pitao me neki dan, rekao je tata, sjećaš li se kakav sam bio kad sam imao dvije godine?

"Dad, can you remember what I was like when I was two?

And I said, "Yes." He said, "Why can't I?"

I ja sam rekao da. On je pitao zašto ja ne mogu?

Isn't that extraordinary?

Nije li to izvandredno? Ne sjećate se što vam se dogodilo prije nego ste napunili drugu ili treću godinu.

You cannot remember what happened to you earlier than the age of two or three.

Which is great news for psychoanalysts, because otherwise they'd be out of a job.

Što je odlično za psihoanalitičare, jer bi inače bili bez posla.

Jer se tada sve događa [smijeh]

Because that's where all the stuff happens

(Laughter)

that makes you who you are.

što vas čini onakvima kakvi jeste.

Another thing you can't see is the grid on which we hang.

Još jedna stvar koju ne možete vidjeti je mreža na kojoj visimo.

This is fascinating.

To je fascinantno. Vjerojatno znate, neki od vas, da se stanice stalno obnavljaju.

You probably know, some of you, that cells are continually renewed.

Skin flakes off, hairs grow, nails, that kind of stuff --

Koža otpada, kosa raste, nokti, te stvari --

but every cell in your body is replaced at some point.

ali svaka stanica u našem tijelu je zamijenjena u nekoj točci.

Taste buds, every ten days or so.

Osjetni pupoljci, svakih 10 dana ili toliko.

Livers and internal organs take a bit longer.

Jetra i unutarnji organi traju malo duže.

Spine takes several years.

Kralježnici je potrebno nekoliko godina.

But at the end of seven years, not one cell in your body

Ali na kraju sedam godina, niti jedna stanica u vašem tijelu

remains from what was there seven years ago.

nije preostala od onih stanica od prije sedam godina.

The question is: who then are we? What are we?

Pitanje je: tko smo mi? Što smo mi? Što je ova stvar na kojoj visimo?

What is this thing that we hang on?

That is actually us?

To smo stvarno mi?

Atoms, can't see them. Nobody ever will.

Atomi, ne vidimo ih. Nitko nikad neće. Oni su manji od valne duljine svjetla.

They're smaller than the wavelength of light.

Gas, can't see that.

Plin, ne vidimo ga. Zanimljivo netko je spomenuo 1600. nedavno.

Interesting, somebody mentioned 1600 recently.

Gas was invented in 1600 by a Dutch chemist called van Helmont.

Plin je izumljen 1600. godine od strane nizozemskog kemičara koji se zove Van Helmont.

It's said to be the most successful ever invention of a word by a known individual.

Kažu da je to najuspješnije izmišljanje riječi od strane poznatog pojedinca.

Quite good. He also invented a word called "blas," meaning astral radiation.

Poprilično dobro. Također je izmislio riječ blas koja znači astralna radijacija.

Didn't catch on, unfortunately.

Nije prihvaćena, šteta. (Smijeh)

(Laughter)

But well done, him.

Ali bravo on. Svjetlo -- ne možete vidjeti svjetlo.

Light -- you can't see light.

When it's dark, in a vacuum,

Kad je mrak, u vakuumu, ako netko posvijetli preko vaših očiju, nećete vidjeti svjetlost.

if a person shines a beam of light

straight across your eyes, you won't see it.

Slightly technical, some physicists will disagree with this.

Malo tehnički, neki fizičari se ne bi složili s ovim. Ali čudno je da ne možete vidjeti trak svjetla,

But it's odd that you can't see the beam of light,

vidite samo ono što pogodi.

you can only see what it hits.

Electricity, can't see that.

Elektricitet, ne vidite ga. Ne dozvolite da vam itko kaže da razumije elektricitet, ne razumije.

Don't let anyone tell you they understand electricity, they don't.

Nobody knows what it is.

(Laughter)

Nitko ne zna što je to. (Smijeh) Vjerojatno mislite kako se elektroni u žici kreću trenutno

You probably think the electrons in an electric wire move instantaneously

down a wire, don't you, at the speed of light,

kroz žicu, zar ne, brzinom svjetla, kada upalite svjetlo.

when you turn the light on, they don't.

Ne kreću se tako. Oni se kreću brzinom kojom mažete med, tako kažu.

Electrons bumble down the wire,

about the speed of spreading honey, they say.

Galaxies -- hundred billion of them,

Galaksije -- stotine miljardi galaksija, toliko procjenjuju da ih je u svemiru, stotine milijardi.

estimated in the universe. Hundred billion.

How many can we see?

Koliko ih vidimo? Pet. Pet od stotinu milijardi galaksija, golim okom.

Five. Five, out of a hundred billion galaxies, with the naked eye.

And one of them is quite difficult to see, unless you've got very good eyesight.

I jednu od njih je jako teško vidjeti, osim ako nemate jako dobar vid.

Radio waves. There's another thing.

Radio valovi. To je još jedna stvar. Heinrich Hertz, kada je otkrio radio valove,

Heinrich Hertz, when he discovered radio waves, in 1887,

1887., nazvao ih je valovima jer su zračili.

he called them radio waves because they radiated.

Netko mu je rekao, pa koja je poanta ovoga, Heinrich? Koja je svrha ovih radio valova

Somebody said to him, "What's the point of these, Heinrich?

What's the point of these radio waves that you've found?"

koje si našao? A on je rekao, pa ne znam, ali pretpostavljam da će netko jednog dana naći nekakvu uporabu za njih.

And he said, "Well, I've no idea,

but I guess somebody will find a use for them someday.

Najveća stvar koja nam je nevidljiva je ono što ne znamo.

The biggest thing that's invisible to us is what we don't know.

It is incredible how little we know.

Zapanjujuće je koliko malo mi znamo.

Thomas Edison once said,

Thomas Edison je jednom rekao da ne znamo jedan posto milijuntog dijela nečega o nečem.

"We don't know one percent of one millionth about anything."

And I've come to the conclusion --

I došli smo do zaključka --

because you ask this other question: "What's another thing we can't see?"

zato što postavljate pitanje: što je još jedna stvar koju ne možemo vidjeti?

Svrha, većini nas. Što je svrha?

The point, most of us. What's the point?

The point -- what I've got it down to

Svrha je -- ono do čega sam došao je da postoji samo dva pitanja koja vrijedi pitati.

is there are only two questions really worth asking.

"Why are we here?",

Zašto smo ovdje, i što bismo trebali činiti dok smo tu?

and "What should we do about it while we are?"

To help you, I've got two things to leave you with, from two great philosophers,

Kako bi Vam pomogao, ostavit ću vam dvije stvari, od dva velika filozofa,

perhaps two of the greatest philosopher thinkers of the 20th century.

možda i dva najveća filozofska mislioca dvadesetog stoljeća.

Jedan matematičar i inžinjer, i drugi koji je pjesnik.

One a mathematician and engineer, and the other a poet.

The first is Ludwig Wittgenstein,

Prvi je Ludwig Wittgenstein, koji je rekao,

who said, "I don't know why we are here,

Ne znam zašto smo ovdje, ali sam siguran da nismo tu kako bismo uživali.

but I am pretty sure it's not in order to enjoy ourselves."

(Laughter)

He was a cheerful bastard, wasn't he?

On je bio veseli gad, zar ne? (Smijeh)

(Laughter)

And secondly, and lastly, W.H. Auden, one of my favorite poets,

I drugo i posljednje, W.H. Auden, jedan od mojih najdražih pjesnika

who said, "We are here on Earth to help others.

rekao je, Ovdje smo na zemlji kako bi pomogli drugima. Zašto su drugi ovdje, nemam pojma.

What the others are here for, I've no idea."

(Laughter)

(Applause)

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