What's invisible? More than you think - John Lloyd

Kaj je nevidno? Več, kot si mislite - John Lloyd

Translator: tom carter Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar

Translator: Jure Mavrič Reviewer: Nika Kotnik

(Glasba)

(Circus music)

[Ted N' Ed's Carnival]

[Karneval Teda in Eda; odprt vsak dan - ves dan; Yew Chube Common - Vhod z Googlove avtoceste]

[John Lloyd's Inventory of the Invisible]

[John Lloydov inventar nevidnega]

[Prilagojeno po TED govoru Johna Lloyda leta 2009]

[Adapted from a TEDTalk given by John Lloyd in 2009]

Naš naslednji govorec se že vso kariero ukvarja z vzbujanjem radovednosti.

June Cohen: Our next speaker has spent his whole career

eliciting that sense of wonder.

Prosim, pozdravite Johna Lloyda. (Aplavz)

Please welcome John Lloyd.

(Applause)

[Hall of Mirrors]

The question is, "What is invisible?"

Vprašanje je: kaj je nevidno?

Vsega skupaj je več, kot si mislite, v bistvu.

There's more of it than you think, actually.

Everything, I would say -- everything that matters --

Vse, bi rekel -- vse, kar je osnovno --

Except every thing, and except matter.

Razen vsega in razen snovi.

We can see matter

Mi lahko vidimo snov,

but we can't see what's the matter.

ampak ne moremo videti, kaj je snov.

We can see the stars and the planets but we can't see what holds them apart,

Lahko vidimo zvezde in planete, ampak ne vidimo, kaj jih ločuje

or what draws them together.

ali kaj jih drži skupaj.

With matter as with people, we see only the skin of things,

Tako pri stvareh kot pri ljudeh, vidimo le površino,

ne vidimo v kolesje stroja, ne vidimo tiktakanja v ljudeh,

we can't see into the engine room, we can't see what makes people tick,

at least not without difficulty,

vsaj ne brez težav,

and the closer we look at anything, the more it disappears.

in bliže kot pogledamo karkoli,

vse bolj izgine.

In fact, if you look really closely at stuff,

V bistvu, če zelo blizu pogledaš stvari, če pogledaš osnovno podstrukturo snovi,

if you look at the basic substructure of matter,

there isn't anything there.

tam ni ničesar. Elektroni izginejo v nekakšni meglici in tam je samo energija.

Electrons disappear in a kind of fuzz, and there is only energy.

One of the interesting things about invisibility is,

Ena od zanimivih stvari glede nevidnosti je, da so nam nevidne stvari

the things that we can's see, we also can't understand.

tudi nerazumljive.

Gravity is one thing that we can't see, and which we don't understand.

Gravitacija je ena od teh stvari, ki je ne vidimo in ki je ne razumemo.

It's the least understood of all the four fundamental forces,

Je najmanj razumljena od štirih temeljnih sil

and the weakest, and nobody really knows what it is or why it's there.

in najbolj šibka, in nihče zares ne ve, kaj je ali zakaj sploh je.

For what it's worth, Sir Isaac Newton, the greatest scientist who ever lived,

Naj omenim; Sir Isaac Newton, največji znanstvenik, ki je kdajkoli živel,

je mislil, da je Jezus prišel na Zemljo, da bi upravljal vzvode gravitacije.

he thought Jesus came to Earth specifically

to operate the levers of gravity.

That's what he thought he was there for.

Mislil je, da je zato prišel sem.

So, bright guy, could be wrong on that one, I don't know.

Torej, brihten možiček, bi se lahko o tem motil? Kaj pa vem. (Smeh)

(Laughter)

Consciousness. I see all your faces; I've no idea what any of you are thinking.

Zavest. Vidim vse vaše obraze; nimam pojma, kaj kdorkoli med vami misli.

Isn't that amazing?

Ni to presunljivo? Kaj ni neverjetno, da eden drugemu ne moremo brati misli,

Isn't it incredible that we can't read each other's minds,

če se lahko dotaknemo, okusimo, mogoče, če pridemo dovolj blizu,

when we can touch each other, taste each other,

perhaps, if we get close enough, but we can't read each other's minds.

ampak ne moremo si brati misli.

To se mi zdi kar osupljivo.

I find that quite astonishing.

In the Sufi faith, this great Middle Eastern religion

V veri Sufi, tej veliki religiji Bližnjega vzhoda,

which some claim is the root of all religions,

za katero pravijo, da je korenika vsake vere,

Sufi masters are all telepaths, so they say,

so Sufi mojstri telepati, tako pravijo,

but their main exercise of telepathy

telepatijo v glavnem uporabljajo za to, da nam pošiljajo močne signale, da ne obstaja.

is to send out powerful signals to the rest of us that it doesn't exist.

So that's why we don't think it exists; the Sufi masters working on us.

Zato mislimo, da ne obstaja; Sufi mojstri, ki se ukvarjajo z nami.

In the question of consciousness and artificial intelligence,

Kar zadeva vprašanje zavesti in umetne inteligence,

artificial intelligence has really, like the study of consciousness,

umetna inteligenca je, tako kot študija zavesti,

gotten nowhere, we have no idea how consciousness works.

prišla nikamor, niti svita se nam ne, kako zavest deluje.

Not only have they not created artificial intelligence,

Ne samo, da niso ustvarili umetne inteligence,

they haven't yet created artificial stupidity.

niso naredili niti še umetne neumnosti.

(Laughter)

The laws of physics: invisible, eternal, omnipresent, all powerful.

Zakoni fizike: nevidni, večni, povsod prisotni, vsemogočni.

Remind you of anyone?

Vas na koga spominja?

Interesting.

Zanimivo. Jaz, kot lahko uganete, nisem materialist, sem imaterialist.

I'm, as you can guess, not a materialist, I'm an immaterialist.

And I've found a very useful new word -- ignostic.

In našel sem novo zelo uporabno besedo -- ignostik. V redu? Jaz sem ignostik,

Okay? I'm an ignostic.

[God?]

I refuse to be drawn on the question on whether God exists

zavračam, da me kdo vpraša, če Bog obstaja,

until somebody properly defines the terms.

dokler nekdo ustrezno ne definira pojmov.

Another thing we can't see is the human genome.

Še ena stvar, ki je ne vidimo, je človeški genom.

And this is increasingly peculiar, because about 20 years ago

In to je naraščajoče neprijetno, ker pred približno 20 leti,

when they started delving into the genome, they thought it would probably contain

ko so začeli kopati v genom, so mislili, da bo verjetno vseboval

okoli 100 tisoč genov. Od takrat je bilo vsako leto

around 100 thousand genes.

Every year since, it's been revised downwards.

število znižano. Zdaj mislimo, da je verjetno le nekaj čez 20 tisoč genov

We now think there are likely to be just over 20 thousand genes

in the human genome.

v človeškem genomu.

This is extraordinary, because rice -- get this --

To je izredno, ker riž -- poslušajte --

rice is known to have 38 thousand genes.

znano je, da ima riž 38 tisoč genov.

Potatoes have 48 chromosomes, two more than people,

Krompir -- krompir ima 48 kromosomov. Dva več kot človek

and the same as a gorilla.

in enako kot gorila.

(Laughter)

You can't see these things, but they are very strange.

Teh stvari ne vidiš, ampak so zelo čudne.

The stars by day, I always think that's fascinating.

Zvezde čez dan, to se mi je vedno zdelo fascinantno.

The universe disappears.

Vesolje izgine. Več kot je luči, manj lahko vidiš.

The more light there is, the less you can see.

Time. Nobody can see time.

Čas. Nihče ne vidi časa.

I don't know if you know this.

Ne vem, če veste, moderna fizika -- obstaja gibanje v moderni fiziki,

There's a big movement in modern physics

to decide that time doesn't really exist,

ki predlaga, da čas v resnici ne obstaja, ker je preveč neprimeren za številke.

because it's too inconvenient for the figures.

It's much easier if it's not really there.

Lažje je, če ga v resnici ni.

You can't see the future, obviously,

Ne moreš videti prihodnosti, očitno,

and you can't see the past, except in your memory.

in ne moreš videti preteklosti, razen v lastnem spominu.

One of the interesting things about the past

Ena od zanimivih stvari pri preteklosti je, da ne moreš videti--

is you particularly can't see --

my son asked me this the other day,

moj sin me je vprašal, rekel je: "Oče, se me spomniš, ko sem imel dve leti?"

"Dad, can you remember what I was like when I was two?

And I said, "Yes." He said, "Why can't I?"

In rekel sem "Ja." In on je rekel: "Zakaj pa se jaz ne?"

Isn't that extraordinary?

Ni to izredno? Ne moreš se spomniti, kaj se ti je zgodilo,

You cannot remember what happened to you earlier than the age of two or three.

preden si dopolnil drugo ali tretjo leto.

Which is great news for psychoanalysts, because otherwise they'd be out of a job.

Kar je dobra novica za psihoanalitike, ker drugače ne bi imeli dela.

Ker takrat se zgodi vse,

Because that's where all the stuff happens

(Laughter)

that makes you who you are.

kar te naredi, kar si.

Another thing you can't see is the grid on which we hang.

Še nekaj, ne vidiš verige, s katere visiš.

This is fascinating.

To je fascinantno. Nekateri med vami verjetno veste, da se celice neprestano obnavljajo.

You probably know, some of you, that cells are continually renewed.

Skin flakes off, hairs grow, nails, that kind of stuff --

Koža odpada, lasje rastejo, nohti, vse to --

but every cell in your body is replaced at some point.

ampak vsaka celica vašega telesa se zamenja.

Taste buds, every ten days or so.

Brbončice na jeziku, vsakih 10 dni.

Livers and internal organs take a bit longer.

Jetra in notranji organi potrebujejo nekoliko več časa.

Spine takes several years.

Hrbtenica vzame nekaj let.

But at the end of seven years, not one cell in your body

Ampak po sedmih letih, niti ena celica vašega telesa

remains from what was there seven years ago.

ne ostane tam, kjer je bila pred sedmimi leti.

The question is: who then are we? What are we?

Vprašanje je: kdo potemtakem smo? Kaj smo? Kaj je ta stvar, s katere visimo,

What is this thing that we hang on?

That is actually us?

ki je pravzaprav mi?

Atoms, can't see them. Nobody ever will.

Atomi, ne vidim jih. Nihče jih nikoli ne bo. So manjši kot valovna dolžina svetlobe.

They're smaller than the wavelength of light.

Gas, can't see that.

Plin ("gas"), tega ne morem videti, nekdo je omenil 1600 nazadnje.

Interesting, somebody mentioned 1600 recently.

Gas was invented in 1600 by a Dutch chemist called van Helmont.

Plin ("gas") je 1600 izumil nemški kemik imenovan Van Helmont.

It's said to be the most successful ever invention of a word by a known individual.

Govori se, da gre za najbolj uspešno iznajdbo besede, s strani znanega posameznika.

Quite good. He also invented a word called "blas," meaning astral radiation.

Precej dobro. Izumil je tudi besedo 'blas', ki pomeni zvezdno sevanje.

Didn't catch on, unfortunately.

Ni se prijelo, na žalost.

(Laughter)

But well done, him.

Ampak, dobro zanj. Svetloba -- ne moreš videti svetlobe.

Light -- you can't see light.

When it's dark, in a vacuum,

Ko je tema, v vakuumu, če nekdo posveti žarek svetlobe

if a person shines a beam of light

straight across your eyes, you won't see it.

naravnost mimo tvojih oči, ga ne boš videl.

Slightly technical, some physicists will disagree with this.

Malce tehnično, nekateri fiziki se s tem ne bodo strinjali.

Ampak je čudno, da ne moreš videti svetlobnega žarka.

But it's odd that you can't see the beam of light,

vidiš lahko samo, kar zadane.

you can only see what it hits.

Electricity, can't see that.

Elektrika, tega ne vidiš. Ne dovolite, da vam kdo reče, da razume elektriko, je ne.

Don't let anyone tell you they understand electricity, they don't.

Nobody knows what it is.

(Laughter)

Nihče ne ve, kaj je. Verjetno mislite, da se elektroni v električnem kablu nemudoma

You probably think the electrons in an electric wire move instantaneously

premikajo po kablu, kajne, s svetlobno hitrostjo, ko prižgeš luč.

down a wire, don't you, at the speed of light,

when you turn the light on, they don't.

Ni res. Elektroni se vlečejo po kablu približno tako, kot se cedi med, pravijo.

Electrons bumble down the wire,

about the speed of spreading honey, they say.

Galaxies -- hundred billion of them,

Galaksije -- ocenjujemo, da jih je v vesolju približno sto milijard. Sto milijard.

estimated in the universe. Hundred billion.

How many can we see?

Koliko jih lahko vidimo? Pet. Pet izmed stotih milijard galaksij, z golim očesom.

Five. Five, out of a hundred billion galaxies, with the naked eye.

And one of them is quite difficult to see, unless you've got very good eyesight.

In nekatere so težko vidne, razen če imaš zelo dober vid.

Radio waves. There's another thing.

Radijski valovi. Heinrich Hertz, ko je odkril radijske valove,

Heinrich Hertz, when he discovered radio waves, in 1887,

leta 1887, jim je rekel radijski valovi, ker so valovali.

he called them radio waves because they radiated.

Nekdo mu je rekel, kaj je poanta teh, Heinrich? Kaj je poanta teh radijskih valov,

Somebody said to him, "What's the point of these, Heinrich?

What's the point of these radio waves that you've found?"

ki si jih odkril? In on je odgovoril: "Ne vem, ampak se bo že kdo domislil, kaj z njimi.

And he said, "Well, I've no idea,

but I guess somebody will find a use for them someday.

Največja stvar, ki je ne vidimo, je to, kar ne vemo.

The biggest thing that's invisible to us is what we don't know.

It is incredible how little we know.

Neverjetno je, kako malo vemo.

Thomas Edison once said,

Thomas Edison je enkrat rekel, da ne vemo niti enega odstotka milijoninke o čemerkoli.

"We don't know one percent of one millionth about anything."

And I've come to the conclusion --

In jaz sem prišel do zaključka --

because you ask this other question: "What's another thing we can't see?"

ker se vprašaš še eno vprašanje: česa še ne vidimo?

Večina nas ne vidi smisla. Kaj je smisel?

The point, most of us. What's the point?

The point -- what I've got it down to

Smisel -- vse skupaj sem skrčil na dve vprašanji, ki si ju je vredno zastaviti.

is there are only two questions really worth asking.

"Why are we here?",

Zakaj smo tukaj in kaj naj počnemo, medtem ko smo?

and "What should we do about it while we are?"

To help you, I've got two things to leave you with, from two great philosophers,

Da vam pomagam; imam dve stvari, s katerima vas bom pustil, dva velika filozofa,

perhaps two of the greatest philosopher thinkers of the 20th century.

verjetno dva največja filozofska misleca dvajsetega stoletja.

Eden od njiju je matematik in inženir in drugi je pesnik.

One a mathematician and engineer, and the other a poet.

The first is Ludwig Wittgenstein,

Prvi je Ludwig Wittgenstein, ki je rekel:

who said, "I don't know why we are here,

Ne vem, zakaj smo tukaj, ampak sem skoraj prepričan, da ne zato, da bi uživali.

but I am pretty sure it's not in order to enjoy ourselves."

(Laughter)

He was a cheerful bastard, wasn't he?

Kar vesel pankrt, kajne? (Smeh)

(Laughter)

And secondly, and lastly, W.H. Auden, one of my favorite poets,

Kot drugi in zadnji, W. H. Auden, eden od mojih najljubših pesnikov,

who said, "We are here on Earth to help others.

ki je rekel: Mi smo na Zemlji, da pomagamo drugim. Zakaj so tu drugi, pa nimam pojma.

What the others are here for, I've no idea."

(Laughter)

(Applause)

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