Climate change: Earth's giant game of Tetris - Joss Fong

1,238,357 views ใƒป 2014-04-22

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Tal Dekkers
00:06
To understand climate change,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืืงืœื™ื,
00:08
think of the game "Tetris."
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ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง "ื˜ื˜ืจื™ืก."
00:09
For eons, Earth has played a version of this game with blocks of carbon.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขื™ื“ื ื™ื, ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื™ื—ืง ื’ื™ืจืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ืขื ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื—ืžืŸ.
00:14
They enter the atmosphere as carbon dioxide gas from volcanoes,
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ื”ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืื˜ืžื•ืกืคืจื” ื›ื’ื– ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ืžื”ืจื™ ื’ืขืฉ,
00:17
decaying plant matter,
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ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฆืžื—ื™ ื ืจืงื‘,
00:19
breathing creatures
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ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ืฉืžื™ื
00:20
and the surface of the sea.
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ื•ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื.
00:21
And they leave the atmosphere when they're used by plants during photosynthesis,
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ื•ื”ื ืขื•ื–ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื” ื›ืฉืฆืžื—ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืคื•ื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื˜ื–ื”,
00:25
absorbed back into the ocean,
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ื ืกืคื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื,
00:27
or stored in soil and sediment.
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ืื• ื ืื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืงืขื™ ืงืจืงืข.
00:29
This game of Tetris is called the carbon cycle,
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ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื˜ื˜ืจื™ืก ื”ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ,
00:32
and it's the engine of life on Earth.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžื ื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืฅ.
00:34
What's the connection to climate?
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ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืืงืœื™ื?
00:36
Well, when that carbon dioxide is in the air,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืฉื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ,
00:39
waiting to be reabsorbed,
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ืžื—ื›ื” ืœื”ืกืคื’,
00:40
it traps a portion of the sun's heat,
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ื”ื•ื ืœื•ื›ื“ ื—ืœืง ืžื—ื•ื ื”ืฉืžืฉ,
00:42
which would otherwise escape to space.
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ืฉืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื•ืจื— ืœื—ืœืœ.
00:44
That's why carbon dioxide is called a greenhouse gas.
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ืœื›ืŸ ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ื ืงืจื ื’ื– ื—ืžืžื”.
00:47
It creates a blanket of warmth,
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื,
00:49
known as the greenhouse effect,
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ืฉื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื›ืืคืงื˜ ื”ื—ืžืžื”,
00:51
that keeps our Earth from freezing like Mars.
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ืฉืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืœืงืคื•ื ื›ืžื• ืžืื“ื™ื.
00:53
The more carbon dioxide blocks hang out in the atmosphere waiting to be cleared,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ื ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื” ืžื—ื›ื” ืœื”ืชืคื ื•ืช,
00:57
the warmer Earth becomes.
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ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื ืขืฉื” ื—ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:59
Though the amount of carbon in the atmosphere
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ื‘ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื”
01:01
has varied through ice ages and astroid impacts,
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ื”ืฉืชื ืชื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืขื™ื“ื ื™ ื”ืงืจื— ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื,
01:05
over the past 8,000 years the stable climate we know took shape,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 8,000 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืชืคืชื—,
01:09
allowing human civilization to thrive.
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ื•ืื™ืคืฉืจ ืœืฆื™ื•ื™ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืœืฉื’ืฉื’.
01:12
But about 200 years ago,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ 200 ืฉื ื” ื‘ืขืจืš,
01:14
we began digging up that old carbon that had been stored in the soil.
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื›ืจื•ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ ืขืชื™ืง ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืื“ืžื”.
01:17
These fossil fuels, coal, oil and natural gas
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ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื, ืคื—ื, ื ืคื˜ ื•ื’ื– ื˜ื‘ืขื™
01:20
are made from the buried remains of plants and animals
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ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืžืื•ืชื ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช
01:23
that died long before humans evolved.
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ืฉืžืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืื“ื ื”ืชืคืชื—.
01:26
The energy stored inside them was able to power
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ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืื’ื•ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœืชืช ื›ื•ื—
01:29
our factories, cars and power plants.
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ืœืžืคืขืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื—.
01:31
But burning these fuels also injected new carbon blocks into Earth's Tetris game.
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉืจื™ืคืช ืื•ืชื ื“ืœืงื™ื ื’ื ื”ื–ืจื™ืงื” ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ ืคื—ืžืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื˜ื˜ืจื™ืก ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
01:37
At the same time, we cleared forests for agriculture,
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ, ื›ืจืชื ื• ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืœื—ืงืœืื•ืช,
01:39
reducing the Earth's ability to remove the blocks.
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ื•ื”ืคื—ืชื ื• ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
01:43
And since 1750, the amount of carbon in the atmosophere
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ื•ืžืื– 1750, ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ื‘ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื”
01:46
has increased by 40%,
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ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ 40%,
01:48
and shows no sign of slowing.
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ื•ืœื ืžืจืื” ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื˜ื”.
01:50
Just like in Tetris, the more blocks pile up,
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ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื‘ื˜ื˜ืจื™ืก, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื ื ืขืจืžื™ื,
01:53
the harder it becomes to restore stability.
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ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช.
01:56
The extra carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
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ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื”
01:58
accelerates the greenhouse effect
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ืžืื™ืฅ ืืช ืืคืงื˜ ื”ื—ืžืžื”
02:00
by trapping more heat near the surface
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœื›ื™ื“ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื•ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—
02:03
and causing polar ice caps to melt.
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ื•ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืงืจื— ื‘ืงื˜ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื ืžืก.
02:05
And the more they melt, the less sunlight they're able to reflect,
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืŸ ื ืžืกื•ืช, ืคื—ื•ืช ืื•ืจ ืฉืžืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ื–ืจ,
02:09
making the oceans warm even faster.
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ื—ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:12
Sea levels rise, coastal populations are threatened with flooding,
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ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืœื™ื, ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืžืฉื˜ืคื•ื ื•ืช,
02:15
natural ecosystems are disrupted,
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ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืจืขื•ืช,
02:17
and the weather becomes more extreme over time.
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ื•ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
02:21
Climate change may effect different people and places in different ways.
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
02:25
But, ultimately, it's a game that we're all stuck playing.
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ืื‘ืœ, ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื–ื” ืžืฉื—ืง ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืชืงื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืœืฉื—ืง.
02:28
And unlike in Tetris,
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ื•ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื˜ื˜ืจื™ืก,
02:30
we won't get a chance to start over and try again.
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ืœื ื• ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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