Mysteries of vernacular: Robot - Jessica Oreck and Rachael Teel

112,822 views ใƒป 2013-10-31

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
00:06
Mysteries of vernacular:
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ืžืกืชืจื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™:
00:09
Robot,
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ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜,
00:10
a machine capable of carrying out
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ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื‘ืฆืข
00:12
a programmable series of actions.
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ืกื“ืจื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ืชืช ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช.
00:15
The origin of the word robot
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ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜
00:18
dates back more than a thousand years
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ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืœืคื ื™ ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื
00:20
to the era of serfdom in central Europe
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ืœืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืื™ืจื•ืคื”
00:23
when servitude was the currency for rent.
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ื›ืฉืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืจื”.
00:27
In those days,
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ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
00:28
the Old Church Slavonic word rabota
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืจื‘ื•ื˜ื”, ื‘ืกืœืื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืขืชื™ืงื”,
00:31
described the forced labor of the people.
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ืชื™ืืจื” ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืื•ืœืฆืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.
00:34
A slight adjustment of spelling,
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ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืงืœ ืฉืœ ืื™ื•ืช,
00:35
and rabota became the Czech robota,
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ื•ืจื‘ื•ื˜ื” ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื” ื”ืฆ'ื›ื™ืช,
00:40
which, in addition to defining the toil of the serfs,
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ืฉื”ื™ื, ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืžื™ืชื™ื,
00:44
was also used figuratively
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ืชื™ืืจื” ื’ื
00:46
to describe any kind of hard work or drudgery.
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ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืฉื” ืื• ืžืืžืฅ.
00:51
In 1920, Czech writer Karel Capek published
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ื‘ 1920, ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ื”ืฆ'ื›ื™ ืงืจืœ ืงืคืง ืคืจืกื
00:55
a science fiction play called "R.U.R.",
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ืžื—ื–ื” ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ืงืจื "R.U.R.",
00:59
short for "Rossum's Universal Robots."
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ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœ "ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื•ืกื•ื."
01:03
The story featured automated machines
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื’ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช
01:05
with distinctly human features
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ืขื ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื
01:08
that, until they revolt,
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ืฉืขื“ ื”ืžืจื“,
01:09
catered to the whims of the people of Earth.
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ืฉื™ืจืชื• ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
01:13
Capek originally considered
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ืงืคืง ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืงืœ
01:14
calling these hard-working machines labori
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ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืœื‘ื•ืจื™
01:18
from the Latin word for labor,
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ืžื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ืœื™ื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
01:21
but he worried it sounded a bit too scholarly.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื“ืื’ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืฉืžืข ืžืœื•ืžื“ ืžื“ื™.
01:24
He opted, instead, to emphasize their enslaved state
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจ, ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืฉื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœื”ื
01:28
by naming them roboti,
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืงืจื ืœื”ื ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™,
01:30
or robot in English.
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ืื• ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
01:34
"R.U.R." was wildly successful,
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"R.U.R." ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืžืื•ื“,
01:36
and when it was translated into English in 1923,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืชื•ืจื’ื ืœืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ 1923,
01:40
the word robot was enthusiastically embraced.
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ืื•ืžืฆื” ื‘ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช.
01:44
Though most of today's robots look
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื ืจืื™ื
01:46
quite different than Capek imagined,
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ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืžื” ืฉืงืคืง ื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ,
01:49
they've become just as popular as he predicted.
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ื”ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆืคื”.
01:53
Unlike in "R.U.R.", though,
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœ "R.U.R." ืื‘ืœ,
01:55
our robots haven't risen up against us,
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ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ืงืžื• ื ื’ื“ื ื•,
01:58
and here's hoping it stays that way!
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ื•ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื–ื” ื™ืฉืืจ ื›ืš!
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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