What would happen if every human suddenly disappeared? - Dan Kwartler

5,001,861 views ใƒป 2018-09-17

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Allon Sasson
00:06
Human beings are everywhere.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
00:08
With settlements on every continent,
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ืขื ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื‘ืฉืช,
00:11
we can be found in the most isolated corners of Earthโ€™s jungles,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืžืฆื ื‘ืคื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื’'ื•ื ื’ืœื™ื,
00:14
oceans,
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ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื
00:15
and tundras.
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ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื ื“ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
00:17
Our impact is so profound, most scientists believe
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ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช, ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื
00:20
humanity has left a permanent mark on Earthโ€™s geological record.
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ืฉื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉืื™ืจื” ื—ื•ืชื ืงื‘ื•ืข ืขืœ ื”ืชืขื•ื“ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
00:24
So what would happen if suddenly, every human on Earth disappeared?
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ืื– ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ืื ืคืชืื•ื, ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ืขืœืžื•?
00:32
With no one maintaining them, some of our creations backfire immediately.
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ืœืœื ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืชื—ื–ืง ืื•ืชื, ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื“.
00:36
Hours after we disappear, oil refineries malfunction,
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ืฉืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ืขืœืžื•ืช, ื‘ืชื™ ื–ื™ืงื•ืง ืœื ืคื˜ ื™ืชืงืœืงืœื•,
00:40
producing month-long blazes at plants like the ones in western India,
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ืžื” ืฉื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืฉ ื‘ืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืืœื” ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ื•ื“ื•,
00:45
the southern United States,
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ื“ืจื•ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
00:47
and South Korea.
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ื•ื“ืจื•ื ืงื•ืจื™ืื”.
00:48
In underground rail systems like those in London,
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ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืชืช ืงืจืงืขื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืืœื• ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ,
00:52
Moscow,
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ืžื•ืกืงื•ื•ื”,
00:53
and New York City,
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ื•ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง,
00:54
hundreds of drainage pumps are abandoned, flooding the tunnels in just three days.
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ืžืื•ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื•ืช ื ื™ืงื•ื– ื™ื™ื ื˜ืฉื•, ืžื” ืฉื™ืฆื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืชื•ืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
01:00
By the end of the first week, most emergency generators have shut down,
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ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฆืจื ื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ืช ื”ื—ืจื•ื ื™ื›ื‘ื•,
01:04
and once the fires have gone out,
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ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืฉืจืคื•ืช ื™ื›ื‘ื•,
01:06
the earth goes dark for the first time in centuries.
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ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœื—ืฉื•ืš ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื–ื” ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื.
01:10
After the first catastrophic month, changes come more gradually.
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื˜ืกื˜ืจื•ืคืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”.
01:15
Within 20 years, sidewalks have been torn apart by weeds and tree roots.
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ืชื•ืš 20 ืฉื ื”, ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ืงืจืขื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ ืขืฆื™ื.
01:20
Around this time,
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ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ,
01:22
flooded tunnels erode the streets above into urban rivers.
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ืชืขืœื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืคื•ืช ื™ืฉื—ืงื• ืืช ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืขืœ ืœื›ื“ื™ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื.
01:26
In temperate climates,
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ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื™ืจ ืžืžื•ื–ื’,
01:27
the cycle of seasons freezes and thaws these waterways,
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ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืงืคื™ืื• ื•ื™ืคืฉื™ืจื• ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื•,
01:31
cracking pavement and concrete foundations.
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ื™ืกื“ืงื• ืืช ื”ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ.
01:34
Leaking pipes cause the same reaction in concrete buildings,
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ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ื•ืœืคื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืื•ืชื” ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ,
01:38
and within 200 winters, most skyscrapers buckle and tumble down.
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ื•ืชื•ืš 200 ื—ื•ืจืคื™ื, ืจื•ื‘ ื’ื•ืจื“ื™ ื”ืฉื—ืงื™ื ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื‘ืจืขืฉ.
01:44
In cities built in river deltas like Houston,
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ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืœืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื™ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ,
01:47
these buildings eventually wash away completely -
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ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื™ืฉื˜ืคื• ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืœื’ืžืจื™ -
01:50
filling nearby tributaries with crushed concrete.
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ื•ื™ืžืœืื• ื ื—ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื›ืชื•ืฉ.
01:54
Rural and suburban areas decay more slowly,
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ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื ื•ืคืจื•ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืชืคื•ืจืจื• ืœืื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
01:57
but in largely unsurprising ways.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžืคืชื™ืขื•ืช.
02:00
Leaks, mold, bug and rodent infestations -
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ื“ืœื™ืคื•ืช, ืขื•ื‘ืฉ, ื—ืจืงื™ื ื•ืžื›ืจืกืžื™ื -
02:03
all the usual enemies of the homeowner-
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ื›ื•ืœื ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ืชื™ื -
02:06
now go uncontested.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื.
02:08
Within 75 years, most houses' supporting beams have rotted and sagged,
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ืชื•ืš 75 ืฉื ื”, ืจื•ื‘ ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ื™ืจืงื‘ื• ื•ื™ืชืขืงืžื•,
02:14
and the resulting collapsed heap is now home to local rodents and lizards.
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ื•ื”ืขืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ื ืงืŸืจืกื™ื ื”ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื™ืช ืœืžื›ืจืกืžื™ื ื•ืœื˜ืื•ืช.
02:19
But in this post-human world, โ€œlocalโ€ has a new meaning.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ืœืžืงื•ืžื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื”.
02:23
Our cities are full of imported plants,
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ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืœืื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื‘ืื™ื,
02:26
which now run wild across their adopted homes.
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ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžืชืคืฉื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืžืื•ืžืฆื™ื.
02:29
Water hyacinth coat the waterways of Shanghai in a thick green carpet.
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ื™ืงื™ื ื˜ื•ื ื™ ืžื™ื ืžื›ืกื™ื ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื’ื—ืื™ ื‘ืฉื˜ื™ื— ื™ืจื•ืง ืขื‘ื”.
02:34
Poisonous giant hogweeds overgrow the banks of Londonโ€™s Thames River.
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ื”ื•ื’ื•ื•ื™ื“ ืืจืกื™ ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื“ื•ืช ื ื”ืจ ื”ืชืžื–ื”.
02:39
Chinese Ailanthus trees burst through New York City streets.
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ืขืฆื™ ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื•ืก ืกื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื•ืงืขื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง.
02:44
And as sunken skyscrapers add crumbled concrete to the new forest floor,
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ื•ื›ืฉื’ื•ืจื“ื™ ื”ืฉื—ืงื™ื ืฉืฉืงืขื• ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืจืก ืœืจืฆืคืช ื”ื™ืขืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”,
02:49
the soil acidity plummets,
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ื—ื•ืžืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ืฆื•ื ื—ืช,
02:51
potentially allowing new plant life to thrive.
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ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ืœืฆืžื—ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืฉื’ืฉื’.
02:55
This post-human biodiversity extends into the animal kingdom, as well.
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ื”ื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ืคื•ืกื˜ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžืชืจื—ื‘ ื’ื ืœืžืžืœื›ืช ื”ื—ื™.
02:59
Animals follow the unchecked spread of native and non-native plants,
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ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ืงื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ืœื ืžื‘ื•ืงืจืช ืฉืœ ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืœื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื,
03:04
venturing into new habitats with the help of our leftover bridges.
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ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื” ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื’ืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ืฉืืจื•.
03:08
In general, our infrastructure saves some animals and dooms others.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžืฆื™ืœื” ื›ืžื” ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื“ื ื” ืœืžื•ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
03:13
Cockroaches continue to thrive in their native tropical habitats,
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ืžืงืงื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื’ืฉื’ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
03:17
but without our heating systems,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืœื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืžื•ื ืฉืœื ื•,
03:19
their urban cousins likely freeze and die out in just two winters.
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ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื“ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื›ื ืจืื” ื™ืงืคืื• ื•ื™ืžื•ืชื• ืชื•ืš ืฉื ื™ ื—ื•ืจืคื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
03:24
And most domesticated animals are unable to survive without us โ€“
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ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ื™ื™ืชื•ืช ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื•ืช ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื ื• -
03:28
save for a handful of resourceful pigs, dogs, and feral housecats.
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ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื›ืžื” ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชื•ืฉื™ื”, ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ื—ืชื•ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืคืจืื™ื™ื.
03:33
Conversely, the reduced light pollution saves over a billion birds each year
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ืจ ืžืฆื™ืœื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”
03:39
whose migrations were disrupted by blinking communication tower lights
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ืฉื”ื ื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื•ืคืจืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืจื•ืช ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžื”ื‘ื”ื‘ื™ื
03:43
and high-tension wires.
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ื•ื›ื‘ืœื™ ืžืชื— ื’ื‘ื•ื”.
03:45
And mosquitos multiply endlessly in one of their favorite manmade nurseries โ€“
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ื•ื™ืชื•ืฉื™ื ืžืชืจื‘ื™ื ืœืœื ืงืฅ ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื -
03:50
rubber tires, which last for almost a thousand years.
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ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉืืจื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืœืฃ ืฉื ื”.
03:55
As fauna and flora flourish,
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ื›ืฉื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืžืฉื’ืฉื’ื™ื,
03:57
Earthโ€™s climate slowly recovers from millennia of human impact.
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ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืฉืชืงื ื‘ืื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
04:01
Within 35,000 years,
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ืชื•ืš 35,000 ืฉื ื”,
04:04
the plant cycle removes the last traces of lead
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ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืžืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืคืจืช
04:07
left by the Industrial Revolution from Earthโ€™s soil,
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ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืžื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช ืžืื“ืžืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
04:10
and it may take up to 65,000 years beyond that
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืขื“ 65,000 ืฉื ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื–ื”
04:14
for CO2 to return pre-human levels.
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ืœืจืžื•ืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช.
04:17
But even after several million years, humanityโ€™s legacy lives on.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื—ืจื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืชืฉืืจ.
04:22
Carved in unyielding granite,
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ื—ืจื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืกืœืขื™ ื’ืจื ื™ื˜ ืขืžื™ื“ื™ื,
04:25
Americaโ€™s Mt. Rushmore survives for 7.2 million years.
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ื”ืจ ืจืืฉืžื•ืจ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื™ืฉืจื•ื“ 7.2 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”.
04:30
The chemical composition of our bronze sculptures
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ื”ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืกืœื™ ื”ื‘ืจื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืœื ื•
04:33
keeps them recognizable for over 10 million.
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ื™ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืจื™ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 10 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”.
04:36
And buried deep underground,
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ื•ืงื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืื“ืžื”,
04:38
the remnants of cities built on floodplains
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ืฉื™ื™ืจื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื”ืฆืคื”
04:41
have been preserved in time as a kind of technofossil.
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ื ืฉืžืจื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืื•ื‘ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™.
04:45
Eventually, these traces, too, will be wiped from the planetโ€™s surface.
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื’ื ื”ืฉื™ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ืžื—ืงื• ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—.
04:49
Humanity hasnโ€™t always been here, and we wonโ€™t be here forever.
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ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ืชื” ืคื”, ื•ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœืขื“.
04:54
But by investigating the world without us,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืงืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื ื•,
04:56
perhaps we can learn more about the world we live in now.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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