Can the economy grow forever?

907,641 views ใƒป 2022-08-11

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Jenny Rublevsky
00:09
Letโ€™s say you discover a magical gold coin that doubles every 25 years.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื ื’ืœื” ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื–ื”ื‘ ืงืกื•ื ืฉืžื›ืคื™ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืœ 25 ืฉื ื”.
00:14
75 years later, youโ€™d only have eight coins.
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75 ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืจืง ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช.
00:17
But 1,000 years later, youโ€™d have over a trillion.
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ืื‘ืœ 1000 ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื›ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ.
00:21
And in just 4,600 years, your gold coins would outweigh the observable universe.
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ื•ืชื•ืš ืจืง 4600 ืฉื ื”, ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉืœื›ื ื™ืฉืงืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื”ื ืจืื”.
00:28
This periodic doubling is an example of exponential growth,
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ื”ื”ื›ืคืœื” ื”ืชืงื•ืคืชื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืžืขืจื›ื™ืช,
00:32
and while weโ€™re not in any danger of discovering a real-life golden goose-coin,
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ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื‘ืกื›ื ื” ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืื•ื•ื– ื–ื”ื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื,
00:38
something almost as consequential has been growing like this
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ื“ืœ ื›ืš
00:42
for the past 200 or so years: the global economy.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš 200 ืฉื ื” ื‘ืขืจืš: ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
00:47
Many economists think that an eternally growing economy
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื›ืœื›ืœื” ื’ื“ืœื” ืœื ืฆื—
00:50
is necessary to keep improving peopleโ€™s lives,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื,
00:54
and that if the global economy stops growing,
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ื•ืฉืื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืชืคืกื™ืง ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ,
00:56
people would fight more over the fixed amount of value that exists,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืœื—ืžื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ืขืจืš ืฉืงื™ื™ื,
01:00
rather than working to generate new value.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืขืจืš ื—ื“ืฉ.
01:03
That raises the question:
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ื–ื” ืžืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”:
01:05
is infinite growth possible on a finite planet?
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ื”ืื ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืขืœ ืคืœื ื˜ื” ืกื•ืคื™ืช?
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™
01:09
We measure economic growth by tracking the total financial value
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01:13
of everything a country (or the world) produces and sells on the market.
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื• (ื”ืขื•ืœื) ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ื•ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง.
ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
01:18
These products can help us meet basic needs
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01:20
or improve our individual and collective quality of life.
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ืื• ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
01:24
But they also, crucially, take resources to invent, build, or maintain.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื’ื, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™, ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื, ืœื‘ื ื•ืช, ืื• ืœืชื—ื–ืง.
01:30
For example, this smartphone.
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื›ื ื”ื–ื”.
01:32
Itโ€™s valuable in part because it contains aluminum, gallium, and silicon,
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ืขืจืš ื‘ื—ืœืงื• ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืœ ืืœื•ืžื™ื ื™ื•ื, ื’ืืœื™ื•ื, ื•ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ,
01:37
all of which took energy and resources to mine, purify, and turn into a phone.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ืจื•ืช, ืœื–ืงืง ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ.
01:42
Itโ€™s also valuable because of all the effort that went
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื‘ืขืœ ืขืจืš ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฉืงืขื•
01:45
into designing the hardware and writing the software.
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ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื” ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื”.
01:48
And itโ€™s also valuable because a guy in a black turtleneck got up on stage
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื‘ืขืœ ืขืจืš ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืฉืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื”
01:52
and told you it was.
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ื•ืืžืจ ืœื›ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื–ื”.
01:54
So how do we grow the total financial value of all things?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื?
01:59
One way is to make more things.
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ื“ืจืš ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
02:02
Another way is to invent new things.
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ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
02:05
However you do it, growing the economy requires resources and energy.
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ืื™ืš ืฉืœื ืชืขืฉื• ืืช ื–ื”, ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
02:10
And eventually, wonโ€™t we just run out?
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ื ืœื ื™ื’ืžืจื• ืœื ื•?
02:13
To answer this question, let's consider what goes into the economy
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื•, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉืงื•ืœ ืžื” ื ื›ื ืก ืœื›ืœื›ืœื”
02:17
and what comes out of it:
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ื•ืžื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืžื ื”:
02:19
its inputs are labor, capitalโ€” which you can think of as moneyโ€”
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ื”ืงืœื˜ ืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื”ื•ืŸ -- ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื• ื›ื›ืกืฃ --
02:23
and natural resources, like water or energy.
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ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืžื™ื ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
02:27
Its output is value.
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ื”ืคืœื˜ ืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื ืขืจืš.
02:29
Over the past 200 years, economies have gotten exponentially more efficient
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ื‘ืžืฉืš 200 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ื ืขืฉื• ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™
02:34
at producing value.
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ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขืจืš.
02:36
If we, as a species, are able to keep upgrading our economies
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื•, ื›ืžื™ืŸ, ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืฉื“ืจื’ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
02:40
so that they get ever-more efficient,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ืขืฉื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช,
02:43
we could theoretically pump out more and more value using the sameโ€”
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืชืื•ืจื˜ื™ืช ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืขืจืš ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื --
02:48
or, letโ€™s be really ambitious hereโ€” fewer resources.
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ืื•, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื”ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืฉืืคืชื ื™ื™ื ืคื” -- ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื.
02:52
So, how do we do that?
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ืื–, ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”?
02:54
How do we increase efficiency?
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช?
02:56
With new technologies.
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ืขื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
02:59
This is where we hit a snag.
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ืคื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ.
03:01
New tech, in addition to making things more efficient,
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื,
03:04
can also generate new demand, which ends up using more resources.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื.
03:09
Weโ€™re actually not in imminent danger of running out of most resources.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ื‘ืกื›ื ื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉื™ื’ืžืจื• ืœื ื• ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื.
03:14
But we have a much bigger and more immediate problem:
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ:
03:17
the global economy, and in particular those of rich countries,
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ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืœื• ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช,
03:21
is driving climate change and destroying valuable natural environments
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ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ืืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื•ืžืฉืžื™ื“ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช
03:25
on which all of us dependโ€”
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ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื --
03:27
soil, forests, fisheries, and countless other resources
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ืื“ืžื”, ื™ืขืจื•ืช, ืžื“ื’ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
03:30
that help keep our civilization running.
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ืฉืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื™ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช.
03:33
So, what should we do?
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ืื–, ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
03:35
This is where economists disagree.
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ืคื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื.
03:38
Most economists think that new ideas will be able to fix most of these problems.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
03:43
They argue that,
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ื”ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื,
03:44
in the same way that exponentially increasing resource and energy use
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ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ื’ื“ืœื” ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
03:49
have fueled exponential economic growth,
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ืชื“ืœืงื” ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ืช,
03:52
human ingenuity has also increased exponentially,
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ื”ื”ืžืฆืื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื’ื ื’ื‘ืจื” ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ืช,
03:55
and will rise to meet these challenges in ways that we simply can't predict.
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ื•ืชื’ื“ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช.
04:01
For example, between 2000 and 2014,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ 2000 ืœ 2014,
04:04
Germany grew their GDP by 16%, while cutting CO2 emissions by 12%.
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ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืชืœโ€œื’ ื‘ 16% ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืคื—ื™ืชื” ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ 12%.
04:11
Thatโ€™s impressive, but itโ€™s not cutting emissions fast enough
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ื–ื” ืžืจืฉื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื—ืชืš ืืช ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžื”ืจ ืžืกืคื™ืง
04:14
to limit warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ืœ 1.5 ืžืขืœื•ืช.
04:18
For this reason and others,
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ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื• ื•ืื—ืจื•ืช,
04:19
some economists think the solution is to reengineer our economies completely.
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ื›ืžื” ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื ื“ืก ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื’ืžืจื™.
04:25
They make the case that what we should really be doing is weaning ourselves
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ื”ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื’ืžื•ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•
04:29
from the addiction to growth and shifting to a post-growth economy.
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ืžื”ื”ืชืžื›ืจื•ืช ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ื”.
04:35
What would that look like?
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ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืชืจืื”?
04:36
A post-growth economy wouldnโ€™t assume that the economy should grow;
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ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืœื ืžื ื™ื—ื” ืฉื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ;
04:41
instead, it would require us to focus on improving what we really needโ€”
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ื”ื™ื ืชื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื --
04:45
things like renewable energy, healthcare, and public transportation.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช, ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื•ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช.
04:49
To do that, post-growth economists suggest that rich countries
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช
04:53
should do things like guarantee living wages,
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืžืฉื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื”,
04:56
reduce wealth and income inequality,
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ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื•ืขื•ืฉืจ,
04:58
and ensure universal access to public services, like healthcare.
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื’ื™ืฉื” ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช ืœืฉืจื•ืชื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
05:02
In such an economy, people would be theoretically less dependent on their jobs
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ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื›ื–ื•, ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ืชืื•ืจื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
05:06
to earn their living or get healthcare,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ื” ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืฉืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช,
05:09
so it might be more feasible to scale down production
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ืื– ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ
05:12
of things deemed less necessary.
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ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืจืื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื.
05:15
But this raises other questions: who gets to define whatโ€™s necessary?
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืขืœื” ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช: ืžื™ ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื” ื”ื›ืจื—ื™?
05:19
How would we resolve the inevitable disagreements?
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ืื™ืš ื ืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืขืช?
05:22
Could we really do away with entire industries?
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ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืคืชืจ ืžืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช?
05:26
The โ€œweโ€™ll come up with new ideas to solve these problemsโ€ approach
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ื’ื™ืฉืช ื”โ€œื ืขืœื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•โ€
05:30
can seem as realistic as, well, a magical gold coin.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื–ื”ื‘ ืงืกื•ื.
05:34
And the โ€œwe have to fundamentally change our economiesโ€ approach
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ื•ื’ื™ืฉืช ื”โ€œืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•โ€
05:38
can seem politically daunting, particularly in rich countries.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืžืื™ื™ืžืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช.
05:42
One way or another, we have to find a way to benefit everyone
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืช ืื• ืื—ืจืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื›ื•ืœื
05:46
while also taking care of our planet.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ืœื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืฉืœื ื•.

Original video on YouTube.com
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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