The Japanese myth of the trickster raccoon - Iseult Gillespie

1,128,529 views ใƒป 2021-01-25

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Naama Lieberman
00:08
On the dusty roads of a small village,
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื‘ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืคืจ ืงื˜ืŸ,
00:10
a travelling salesman was having difficulty selling his wares.
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ืกื•ื—ืจ ื ื•ื“ื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื” ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืกื—ื•ืจืชื•.
00:14
Heโ€™d recently traversed the region just a few weeks ago,
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ื”ื•ื ื ืกืข ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœืื–ื•ืจ ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช,
00:18
and most of the villagers had already seen his supply.
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ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืื• ืืช ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื” ืฉืœื•.
00:21
So he wandered the outskirts of the town
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื˜ื˜ ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ
00:24
in the hopes of finding some new customers.
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ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ื›ืžื” ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
00:27
Unfortunately, the road was largely deserted,
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ื˜ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื”,
00:30
and the salesman was about to turn back,
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ื•ื”ืกื•ื—ืจ ืขืžื“ ืœืคื ื•ืช ื—ื–ืจื”,
00:33
when he heard a high-pitched yelp coming from the edge of the forest.
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืžืข ื–ืขืงื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžืคืืชื™ ื”ื™ืขืจ.
00:38
Following the screams to their source, he discovered a trapped tanuki.
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ืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฆืขืงื” ืœืžืงื•ืจื”, ื”ื•ื ื’ื™ืœื” ื˜ืื ื•ืงื™ ืœื›ื•ื“.
00:42
While these racoon-like creatures were known for their wily ways,
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ืืžื ื ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื“ืžื•ื™ื™ ื”ืจืงื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื”ื ื”ืชื—ืžื ื™ื•ืช,
00:46
this one appeared terrified and powerless.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืžืคื•ื—ื“ ื•ื ื˜ื•ืœ ื›ื•ื—.
00:49
The salesman freed the struggling creature,
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ื”ืกื•ื—ืจ ืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื ืื‘ืง,
00:52
but before he could tend to its wounds, it bolted into the undergrowth.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืคืฆืขื™ื•, ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื— ืœืฆืžื—ื™ื”.
00:57
The next day, he set off on his usual route.
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ื™ื•ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœื• ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ.
01:00
As he trudged along, he spotted a discarded tea kettle.
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืชื”ืœืš ื‘ืื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ืจืื” ืงื•ืžืงื•ื ืชื” ืฉื”ื•ืฉืœืš.
01:04
It was rusty and oldโ€” but perhaps he could sell it to the local monks.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœื•ื“ ื•ื™ืฉืŸ -- ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœื ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื.
01:08
The salesman polished it until it sparkled and shone.
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ื”ืกื•ื—ืจ ืžืจืง ืื•ืชื• ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืฆื ืฅ ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ืง.
01:12
He carried the kettle to Morin-ji Temple and presented it to the solemn monks.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืฉื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื“ืฉ ืžื•ืจื™ืŸ-ื’โ€™ื™ ื•ื”ืฆื™ื’ ืื•ืชื• ืœื ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.
01:17
His timing was perfectโ€”
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ื”ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฉืœื --
01:19
they were in need of a large kettle for an important service,
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ื”ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืงื•ืžืงื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื˜ื›ืก ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
01:23
and purchased his pot for a handsome price.
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ื•ืจื›ืฉื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื™ืคื”.
01:26
To open the ceremony, they began to pour cups of tea for each monkโ€”
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ืก, ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืžื–ื•ื’ ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืชื” ืœื›ืœ ื ื–ื™ืจ --
01:30
but the kettle cooled too quickly.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืงื•ืžืงื•ื ื”ืชืงืจืจ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืžื“ื™.
01:33
It had to be reheated often throughout the long service,
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ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืžื ืื•ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื˜ืงืก ื”ืืจื•ืš,
01:35
and when it was hot, it seemed to squirm in the pourerโ€™s hand.
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื, ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืคืชืœ ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ืžื•ื–ื’.
01:39
By the end of the ceremony, the monks felt cheated by their purchase,
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ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื˜ืงืก, ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืฉืจื™ืžื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืงื ื™ื™ื”,
01:43
and called for the salesman to return and explain himself.
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ื•ืงืจืื• ืœืกื•ื—ืจ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•.
01:47
The following morning, the salesman examined the pot,
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ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืœืžื—ืจืช, ื”ืกื•ื—ืจ ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืžืงื•ื,
01:50
but he couldnโ€™t find anything unusual about it.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ.
01:53
Hoping a cup of tea would help them think,
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ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื›ื•ืก ืชื” ืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘,
01:55
they set the kettle on the fire.
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ื”ื ืฉืžื• ืืช ื”ืงื•ืžืงื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืืฉ.
01:57
Within moments, the metal began to sweat.
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ืชื•ืš ื“ืงื•ืช, ื”ืžืชื›ืช ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื”ื–ื™ืข.
02:00
Suddenly, it sprouted a scrubby tail, furry paws and pointed nose.
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ืคืชืื•ื, ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื‘ื™ื˜ ื–ื ื‘ ืฉืขื™ืจ, ื›ืคื•ืช ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืืฃ ืžื—ื•ื“ื“.
02:05
With a yelp, the salesman recognized the tanuki heโ€™d freed.
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ื‘ื–ืขืงื”, ื”ืกื•ื—ืจ ื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ืื ื•ืงื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื—ืจืจ.
02:10
The salesman was shocked.
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ื”ืกื•ื—ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื•ืง.
02:11
Heโ€™d heard tales of shape-shifting tanuki
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืข ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื˜ืื ื•ืงื™ ืžืฉื ื™ ืฆื•ืจื”
02:14
who transformed by pulling on their testicles.
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ืฉื”ืฉืชื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ื”ืืฉื›ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
02:17
But they were usually troublesome tricksters,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืชืขืœื•ืœื ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื,
02:19
who played embarrassing pranks on travellers,
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ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ืžืขืฉื™ ืงื•ื ื“ืก ืžื‘ื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืกืขื™ื,
02:21
or made it rain money that later dissolved into leaves.
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ืื• ื’ืจืžื• ืœื’ืฉื ืฉืœ ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื•ืจืจ ืœืขืœื™ื.
02:25
Some people even placed tanuki statues outside their homes and businesses
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ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื™ืงืžื• ืคืกืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ืื ื•ืงื™ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืขืกืงื™ื”ื
02:29
to trick potential pranksters into taking their antics elsewhere.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืœ ื‘ืชืขืœื•ืœื ื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ืžืขืœืœื™ื”ื ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ.
02:34
However, this tanuki only smiled sweetly.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื˜ืื ื•ืงื™ ื”ื–ื” ืจืง ื—ื™ื™ืš ื‘ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช.
02:38
Why had he chosen this unsuspecting form?
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ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืชืžื™ืžื” ื”ื–ื•?
02:40
The tanuki explained that he wanted to repay the salesmanโ€™s kindness.
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ื”ื˜ืื ื•ืงื™ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ื—ืจ.
02:45
However, heโ€™d grown too hot as a tea kettle,
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ืื‘ืœ, ื”ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ื—ื ืžื“ื™ ื›ืงื•ืžืงื•ื ืชื”,
02:48
and didnโ€™t like being burned, scrubbed, or polished.
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ื•ืœื ืื”ื‘ ืœื”ื™ืฉืจืฃ, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืคืฉืฃ ืื• ืžื•ื‘ืจืง.
02:51
The monk and salesman laughed, both impressed by this honourable trickster.
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ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืกื•ื—ืจ ืฆื—ืงื•, ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื”ืชืจืฉืžื• ืžื”ืชืขืœื•ืœืŸ ื”ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“.
02:56
From that day on, the tanuki became an esteemed guest of the temple.
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ืžืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื, ื”ื˜ืื ื•ืงื™ ื”ืคืš ืœืื•ืจื— ืžื•ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ.
03:01
He could frequently be found telling tales and performing tricks
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื• ืžืกืคืจ ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ืฆืข ืชืขืœื•ืœื™ื
03:04
that amused even the most serious monks.
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ืฉืฉืขืฉืขื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืจืฆื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:07
Villagers came from far away to see the temple tanuki,
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ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืžืจื—ื•ืง ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื˜ืื ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ,
03:11
and the salesman visited often to share tea made from an entirely normal kettle.
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ื•ื”ืกื•ื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืชื” ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ื‘ืงื•ืžืงื•ื ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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