Frida Kahlo: The woman behind the legend - Iseult Gillespie

1,801,022 views ใƒป 2019-03-28

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
00:06
In 1925,
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ื‘ 1925,
00:07
Frida Kahlo was on her way home from school in Mexico City
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ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืงืืœื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื• ืกื™ื˜ื™
00:10
when the bus she was riding collided with a streetcar.
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ื›ืฉื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื‘ื• ื ืกืขื” ื”ืชื ื’ืฉ ื‘ืงืจื•ื ื™ืช ืจื—ื•ื‘.
00:13
She suffered near-fatal injuries to her spine, pelvis and hips,
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ื”ื™ื ืกื‘ืœื” ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ืงื˜ืœื ื™ื•ืช ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื“ืจื” ืฉืœื”, ืœืื’ืŸ ื•ืœื™ืจื›ื™ื™ื,
00:18
and was bedridden for months afterward.
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ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืจืชื•ืงื” ืœืžื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ.
00:20
During her recovery,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœื”,
00:21
she had a special easel attached to her bed
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื” ื›ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืžื™ื˜ืชื”
00:24
so she could practice painting techniques.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ืœื” ืœื”ืชืืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฆื™ื•ืจ.
00:26
When she set to work,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ืฆืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“,
00:27
she began to paint the world according to her own singular vision.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืคื™ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื”ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœื”.
00:31
Over the course of her life,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื”,
00:33
she would establish herself as the creator and muse behind extraordinary art.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื™ืฆื‘ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื›ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื•ืžื•ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืืžื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ.
00:38
Though you may have met Kahlo's gaze before,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืคื’ืฉืชื ืืช ืžื‘ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืงืืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ,
00:41
her work provides an opportunity to see the world through her eyes.
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ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื” ืžืกืคืงืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื”.
00:45
She painted friends and family,
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ื”ื™ื ืฆื™ื™ืจื” ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉืคื—ื”,
00:47
still lives and spiritual scenes;
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ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืžืžื™ื ื•ืกืฆื ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช;
00:49
but it was her mesmerizing self-portraits
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื”ืคื•ืจื˜ืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืขืฆืžื™ื™ื ื”ืžืจืชืงื™ื ืฉืœื”
00:51
which first caught the worldโ€™s attention.
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ืฉืชืคืฉื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
00:54
In an early work,
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช,
00:55
"Self Portrait with Velvet Dress,"
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"ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ืขื ืฉืžืœืช ืงื˜ื™ืคื”,"
00:57
the focus is on her strong brows, facial hair, long neck and formidable stare.
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ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื—ื–ืงื•ืช, ืฉื™ืขืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื, ืฆื•ื•ืืจ ืืจื•ืš ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื›ื‘ื•ื“.
01:03
Such features remained,
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ื›ืืœื” ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื ืฉืืจื•,
01:04
but Kahlo soon began to present herself in more unusual ways.
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ืื‘ืœ ืงืืœื• ื”ื—ืœื” ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช.
01:08
For example,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
01:09
"The Broken Column" uses symbolism,
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"ื”ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืจ" ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกื™ืžื‘ื•ืœื™ื–ื,
01:12
religious imagery and a ruptured landscape to reveal her physical and mental state.
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ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืคื ื™ ืฉื˜ื— ืคืขื•ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ื•ื”ืžื ื˜ืœื™ ืฉืœื”.
01:17
In 1928, Kahlo started dating fellow painter Diego Rivera.
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ื‘ 1928, ืงืืœื• ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืฆืืช ืขื ืฆื™ื™ืจ ืขืžื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ื“ื™ื™ื’ื• ืจื™ื‘ื™ื™ืจื”.
01:22
They became lifelong partners and cultivated an eccentric celebrity.
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ื”ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื˜ื™ืคื—ื• ืกืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื”.
01:26
Together, they traveled the world and dedicated themselves to art,
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ื™ื—ื“, ื”ื ื ืกืขื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืœืืžื ื•ืช,
01:30
Communist politics and Mexican nationalism.
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ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื•ืœืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืžืงืกื™ืงื ื™ืช.
01:33
Kahlo and Rivera shared a deep affinity with Mexicanidad,
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ืงืืœื• ื•ืจื™ื‘ื™ื™ืจื” ื—ืœืงื• ื–ื™ืงื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืœืžืงืกื™ืงื ื™ื“ืื“,
01:36
a movement which celebrated indigenous culture after the Revolution.
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ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉื—ื’ื’ื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ืช ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื”.
01:41
In her daily life, Kahlo wore traditional Tehuana dress
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ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื, ืงืืœื• ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžืœืช ื˜ื—ื•ืื ื” ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช
01:44
and immersed herself in native spirituality.
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ื•ื”ืงื™ืคื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ืช.
01:47
And in her work,
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ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื”,
01:48
she constantly referenced Mexican folk painting,
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ื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื” ืœืฆื™ื•ืจื™ ืขื ืžืงืกื™ืงื ื™ื™ื,
01:50
incorporating its bright colors
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ืฉืฉืœื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื”ืงื™ื
01:52
and references to death, religion and nature.
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ื•ื”ื”ืชื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืžื•ื•ืช, ื“ืช ื•ื˜ื‘ืข.
01:56
With her imagery of giant floating flowers,
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ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื—ื™ื ืขื ืงื™ื™ื ืฆืคื™ื,
01:58
undulating landscapes, transplanted body parts and billowing clouds of demons,
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ืคื ื™ ืฉื˜ื— ื’ืœื™ื™ื, ื—ืœืงื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ืžื•ืฉืชืœื™ื ื•ืขื ื ื™ื ืžืชื ืฉืื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื“ื™ื,
02:03
Kahlo has often been associated with Surrealism.
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ืงืืœื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื•ื™ื™ื›ื” ืœืกื•ืจืืœื™ื–ื.
02:06
But while surrealists used dreamlike images to explore the unconscious mind,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืกื•ืจืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืชืช ื”ื›ืจืชื™,
02:10
Kahlo used them to represent her physical body and life experiences.
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ืงืืœื• ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ืฉืœื” ื•ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
02:14
Two of her most-explored experiences
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ืฉืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื ื—ืงืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”
02:16
were her physical disabilities and her marriage.
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ื”ื™ื• ื ื›ื•ืชื” ื•ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื”.
02:19
As a result of the bus accident,
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ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืชืื•ื ืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืฉืœื”,
02:21
she experienced life-long health complications
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ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื•ืชื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”
02:23
and endured many hospitalizations.
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ื•ืกื‘ืœื” ืžื”ืจื‘ื” ืืฉืคื•ื–ื™ื.
02:25
She often contemplated the physical and psychological effects
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื”, ื”ื™ื ืขืกืงื” ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช
02:28
of disability in her work;
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ืฉืœ ื ื›ื•ืชื”;
02:30
painting herself in agony,
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ื”ื™ื ืฆื™ื™ืจื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ื™ื’ื•ืŸ,
02:32
recuperating from operations,
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ืžืฉืชืงืžืช ืžื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื,
02:34
or including objects such as her back brace and wheelchair.
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ืื• ื›ืœืœื” ืขืฆืžื™ื ื›ืžื• ืชื•ืžืš ื”ื’ื‘ ืฉืœื” ื•ื›ื™ืกื ื”ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื.
02:38
Meanwhile, her relationship with Rivera was tempestuous,
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ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ืขื ืจื™ื‘ื™ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื• ืกื•ืขืจื™ื,
02:41
marked by infidelity on both sides.
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ื•ืื•ืคื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.
02:44
At one point they even divorced,
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ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช ื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืชื’ืจืฉื•,
02:46
then remarried a year later.
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ื•ืื– ื ืฉืื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:48
During this period,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื–ื•,
02:49
she painted the double self-portrait "The Two Fridas,"
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ื”ื™ื ืฆื™ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ "ืฉืชื™ ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื•ืช,"
02:52
which speaks to the anguish of loss and a splintered sense of self.
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ืฉืขืกืง ื‘ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืื‘ื“ืŸ ื•ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ืžืคื•ืฆืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื™.
02:56
The Frida to the left has a broken heart,
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ืœืคืจื™ื“ื” ืžืฉืžืืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ ืฉื‘ื•ืจ,
02:58
which drips blood onto her old-fashioned Victorian dress.
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ืฉื ื•ื–ืœ ื“ื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืžืœื” ื”ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ืื ื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืฉื ืช ืฉืœื”.
03:02
She symbolizes a version of the artist who is wounded by the pastโ€“
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ื”ื™ื ืžืกืžืœืช ื’ืจืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื ื™ืช ืคืฆื•ืขื” ืžื”ืขื‘ืจ --
03:06
but is also connected by an artery to a second self.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื•ืจืง ืœืขืฆืžื™ ื”ืฉื ื™.
03:10
This Frida is dressed in Tehuana attireโ€“
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ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื‘ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื˜ื—ื•ืื ื” --
03:13
and although she remembers Diego with the tiny portrait in her hand,
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืืช ื“ื™ื™ื’ื• ืขื ืคื•ืจื˜ืจื˜ ื–ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื”,
03:16
her heart remains intact.
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ืœื™ื‘ื” ื ืฉืืจ ืฉืœื.
03:19
Together, the two suggest a position caught between past and present,
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ื™ื—ื“, ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืขืžื“ื” ืฉืœื›ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ื•ื•ื”,
03:23
individuality and dependency.
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ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื•ืชืœื•ืช.
03:26
Kahlo died in 1954 at the age of 47.
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ืงืืœื• ืžืชื” ื‘ 1954 ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 47.
03:30
In the years after her death,
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ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ืชื”,
03:31
she experienced a surge in popularity that has lasted to this day.
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ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื•ืชื” ื–ื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืืจื” ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื.
03:35
And although her image has proliferated,
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœื” ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
03:37
Kahloโ€™s body of work
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ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืงืืœื•
03:39
reminds us that there are no simple truths
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ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืžื™ืชื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช
03:41
about the life, work and legacy of the woman behind the icon.
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ื™ื™ื, ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืฉื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืกืžืœ,
03:46
Rather, she put multiple versions of her reality on displayโ€“
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื” --
03:49
and provided us with a few entry-ways into the contents of her soul.
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ื•ืกื™ืคืงื” ืœื ื• ื›ืžื” ื“ืจื›ื™ ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืฉืœื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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