How I Stopped the Taliban from Shutting Down My School | Sakena Yacoobi | TED Talks

譯者: Regina Chu 審譯者: Geoff Chen

(Arabic) I seek refuge in Allah from cursed Satan. In the Name of Allah, the most Gracious, the most Merciful.

我尋求真主保護， 以防受詛咒的惡魔干擾。 奉至仁至慈的真主之名。（阿拉伯文）

(English) I was born in a middle class family.

我生於一個中產階級家庭。

My father was five years old when he lost his father,

我的父親於五歲時失怙，

but by the time I was born,

但在我出生時，

he was already a businessman.

他已經是個生意人。

But it didn't make a difference to him

但是他不會對孩子有差別待遇，

if his children were going to be a boy or a girl:

無論孩子是男還是女：

they were going to go to school.

他們都會去上學。

So I guess I was the lucky one.

所以我猜我很幸運。

My mother had 16 pregnancies.

我母親懷過 16 胎。

From 16 pregnancies, five of us are alive.

這 16 胎中，五個活了下來。

You can imagine as a child what I went through.

你可以想像一下我童年的經歷。

Day to day, I watched women

每天，我都會看到女人

being carried to a graveyard,

被抬到墓園，

or watched children going to a graveyard.

或看著兒童走到墓園。

At that time, when I finished my high school,

我高中畢業時，

I really wanted to be a doctor.

我真的很想當醫生。

I wanted to be a doctor to help women and children.

我想當醫生幫助婦女及小孩。

So I completed my education,

我完成高中學業，

but I wanted to go to university.

但是我想去念大學。

Unfortunately, in my country, there wasn't a dormitory for girls,

很可惜，我的國家沒有女生宿舍，

so I was accepted in medical school, but I could not go there.

所以雖然我被醫學院錄取， 但是我不能去念。

So as a result, my father sent me to America.

如此一來， 我父親只好送我到美國。

I came to America.

我來到美國。

I completed my education.

完成學業。

While I was completing my education,

在我念書其間，

my country was invaded by Russia.

我的祖國被俄羅斯侵略。

And do you know that at the time I was completing my education,

你知道嗎？在我念書的時後，

I didn't know what was going on with my family or with my country.

我一點都不知道 我家或我的祖國情況如何。

There were months, years, I didn't know about it.

有好幾個月、好幾年音信全無。

My family was in a refugee camp.

我的家人在難民營避難。

So as soon as I completed my education,

所以我一完成學業，

I brought my family to America.

就把家人接到美國。

I wanted them to be safe.

我想讓他們安全。

But where was my heart?

但是我的心在哪裡？

My heart was in Afghanistan.

我的心在阿富汗。

Day after day, when I listened to the news,

日復一日，當我聽新聞，

when I followed what was going on with my country,

關心祖國的情況時，

my heart was breaking up.

我的心都碎了。

I really wanted to go back to my country,

我真的想回到我的祖國，

but at the same time I knew I could not go there,

但同時我也知道我不能去，

because there was no place for me.

因為那裡沒有我容身之處。

I had a good job.

我有個好工作。

I was a professor at a university.

我在大學裡當教授。

I earned good money.

我薪資優渥。

I had a good life.

我過得很好。

My family was here.

我的家人都在這裡。

I could live with them.

我可以與他們同住。

But I wasn't happy.

但是我不開心。

I wanted to go back home.

我想回家。

So I went to the refugee camp.

所以我跑去難民營。

And when I went to the refugee camp in Pakistan,

我跑去在巴基斯坦的難民營，

there were 7.5 million refugees.

那裡有 750 萬難民。

7.5 million refugees.

750 萬難民。

About 90 percent of them were women and children.

其中約 90% 是婦女與小孩。

Most of the men have been killed or they were in war.

大部分的男人都已喪命， 或還在打仗。

And you know, in the refugee camp,

你知道，在難民營裡，

when I went day-to-day to do a survey,

我每天去做調查時，

I found things you never could imagine.

我發現一些 你永遠無法想像的情況。

I saw a widow with five to eight children

我看到一位 有五到八歲小孩的寡婦

sitting there and weeping

坐在那裡哭泣，

and not knowing what to do.

不知道該怎麼辦。

I saw a young woman have no way to go anywhere,

我看到一位年輕婦女無處可去，

no education, no entertainment, no place to even live.

沒有受教育，沒有娛樂， 甚至沒地方住。

I saw young men that had lost their father and their home,

我看見年輕人失怙、無家可歸，

and they are supporting the family as a 10-to-12-year old boy --

他們還要養家， 還只是個 10 到 12 歲的男孩，

being the head of the household,

就要當一家之主，

trying to protect their sister and their mother and their children.

試著保護自己的姊妹、 母親及小孩。

So it was a very devastating situation.

所以那真的是非常慘的狀況。

My heart was beating for my people,

我的心為我的同胞鼓動不已，

and I didn't know what to do.

而我卻不知道該怎麼辦。

At that moment, we talk about momentum.

那個當下—— 現在我們在這裡談動力——

At that moment, I felt, what can I do for these people?

那個當下，我的感覺好像， 我該為這些人做什麼？

How could I help these people?

我要怎麼幫助這些人？

I am one individual. What can I do for them?

我只是一芥小民。 我能為他們做些什麼？

But at that moment, I knew

但是那個當下，我知道

that education changed my life.

教育改變了我的一生。

It transformed me. It gave me status.

它改造了我。它給了我地位。

It gave me confidence. It gave me a career.

它給了我信心。它給了我職業。

It helped me to support my family,

它幫助我養家，

to bring my family to another country,

把家人接到另一個國家，

to be safe.

讓他們安全無虞。

And I knew that at that moment

我知道在那個當下，

that what I should give to my people is education and health,

我應該要給我的同胞的 是教育及健康，

and that's what I went after.

那就是我當時追求的。

But do you think it was easy?

但是你以為那很容易嗎？

No, because at that time, education was banned for girls, completely.

一點也不，因為那個時候， 女生完全不准受教育。

And also, by Russia invading Afghanistan,

而且，因為俄國侵略阿富汗，

people were not trusting anyone.

大家誰也不信任誰。

It was very hard to come and say, "I want to do this."

你很難突然出現然後說： 「我想做這個。」

Who am I?

我是誰？

Somebody who comes from the United States.

某個從美國來的人。

Somebody who got educated here.

某個在這裡受教育的人。

Did they trust me? Of course not.

他們會信任我嗎？當然不。

So I really needed to build the trust in this community.

所以我真的需要 在這個社區建立信任關係。

How am I going to do that?

我要怎麼做呢？

I went and surveyed and looked and looked.

我就去難民營做調查， 這裡看看那裡看看。

I asked.

我到處問。

Finally, I found one man.

最後，我找到一個人。

He was 80 years old.

他八十歲了。

He was a mullah.

他是位穆拉（伊斯蘭教士）。

I went to his tent in the camp,

我去他的難民營帳篷拜訪他，

and I asked him,

然後我問他：

"I want to make you a teacher."

「我想讓你當老師。」

And he looked at me,

然後他看看我，

and he said, "Crazy woman,

他說：「瘋女人，

crazy woman, how do you think I can be a teacher?"

瘋女人，你看我能當老師嗎？」

And I told him, "I will make you a teacher."

我告訴他： 「我會讓你當老師。」

Finally, he accepted my offer,

最後，他接受了這個職位，

and once I started a class in his compound,

而且我才開始 在他的營地開課，

the word spread all over.

話就傳開了。

In a matter of one year,

在一年之內，

we had 25 schools set up,

我們開了 25 間學校，

15,000 children going to school,

一萬五千名兒童就學，

and it was amazing.

真是不得了。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Thank you.

謝謝。

Thank you.

謝謝。

But of course, we're doing all our work, we were giving teacher training.

當然，我們包辦一切事務， 我們要培訓老師。

We were training women's rights, human rights, democracy, rule of law.

我們培訓女權、人權、 民主及法治。

We were giving all kinds of training.

我們給予各式訓練。

And one day, I tell you,

有一天，我跟你們說，

one day I was in the office in Peshawar, Pakistan.

有一天我在巴基斯坦 柏夏瓦的辦公室裡。

All of a sudden, I saw my staff running to rooms and locking the doors

突然，我看到職員 在房內東奔西跑、關門鎖門，

and telling me, "Run away, hide!"

還跟我說：「快逃！躲起來！」

And you know, as a leader, what do you do?

你知道，身為領導者， 你會怎麼做？

You're scared. You know it's dangerous.

你嚇死了，你知道情況很危險。

You know your life is on the line.

你知道你的生死就在一線之間。

But as a leader, you have to hold it together.

但是身為領袖，你會強自鎮定。

You have to hold it together and show strength.

你會鎮定，展現力量。

So I said, "What's going on?"

所以我說：「怎麼了？」

And these people were pouring into my office.

然後一些人湧入我的辦公室。

So I invited them to the office.

我就邀請他們進來。

They came, and there were nine of them -- nine Taliban.

他們進來了，總共九個人。 九個塔利班。

They were the ugliest looking men you can ever see.

他們是你見過最醜的人。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Very mean-looking people,

非常壞的臉，

black clothes, black turban,

黑袍子、黑頭巾，

and they pour into my office.

他們湧入我的辦公室。

And I invited them to have a seat and have tea.

我邀請他們坐下喝杯茶。

They said no. They are not going to drink tea.

他們說不。他們不要喝茶。

And of course, with the tone of voice they were using,

當然，他們說話的語氣

it was very scary,

會讓你嚇死，

but I was really shaking up.

但是我真的抖的要命，

But also I was strong, holding myself up.

但是我也很堅強，強自鎮定。

And, of course, by that time, you know how I dress --

當然，那個時後， 你知道我的穿著，

I dress from head to toe in a black hijab.

我從頭到腳 穿著黑色的希賈布。

The only thing you could see, my eyes.

你唯一能看見的東西 就是我的眼睛。

They asked me, "What are you doing?

他們問我：「妳在這裡搞什麼？

Don't you know that school is banned for girls?

難道妳不知道女生禁止上學嗎？

What are you doing here?"

妳在這裡搞什麼？」

And you know, I just looked at them,

你知道，我就看著他們，

and I said, "What school? Where is the school?"

我說：「什麼學校？哪裡有學校？」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

(Applause)

（掌聲）

And they look at my face, and they said, "You are teaching girls here."

他們看著我的臉，說： 「妳在這裡教女學生。」

I said, "This is a house of somebody.

我說：「這是某人的房子。

We have some students coming,

我們有學生來這裡，

and they are all learning Koran, Holy Book.

他們都在學聖書《可蘭經》。

And you know, Koran says that if you learn the Holy Book, the woman,

你也知道，可蘭經上說 如果你學經上的話語，女人，

they can be a good wife,

她們就會成為賢妻，

and they can obey their husband."

她們就會順服丈夫。」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And I tell you one thing:

讓我告訴你們一件事：

that's the way you work with those people, and you know --

這就是你跟這些人斡旋的方法， 你也知道——

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

So by that time, they started speaking Pashto.

所以那個時候，他們開始 說起阿富汗普什圖語。

They talked to each other,

他們之間說了幾句話，

and they said, "Let's go, leave her alone, she's OK."

然後他們說： 「走吧！不要管她，她沒問題。」

And you know, this time, I offered them tea again,

你知道，這次我再請他們喝茶，

and they took a sip and they left.

他們就喝了，而且笑了起來。

By that time, my staff poured into my office.

到那個時後， 我的職員都衝進我的辦公室。

They were scared to death.

他們都嚇死了。

They didn't know why they didn't kill me.

他們不知道 為什麼這些人沒殺了我。

They didn't know why they didn't take me away.

他們不知道 為什麼這些人沒把我抓走。

But everybody was happy to see me.

但是每個人都很高興 還能看到我。

Very happy, and I was happy to be alive, of course.

非常高興， 當然我也很開心自己還活著，

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Of course, I was happy to be alive.

當然，我很開心自己還活著。

But also, as we continuously gave training during the fall of the Taliban --

但是，因為我們在塔利班 垮台期間不斷給予訓練——

of course during the Taliban there is another story.

當然在塔利班政權期間 還有另一個故事。

We went underground and we provided education for 80 schoolgirls,

我們開辦地下學校， 提供教育給 80 個女學童，

3,000 students underground, and continuously we trained.

我們在地下學校 持續訓練了三千名學生。

With the fall of the Taliban, we went into the country,

隨著塔利班垮台， 我們進入阿富汗，

and we opened school after school.

開辦了一間又一間學校。

We opened women's learning center.

我們開辦婦女學習中心。

We continuously opened clinics.

我們也不斷開辦診所。

We worked with mothers and children.

我們與母親及孩童合作。

We had reproductive health training.

我們有生育健康訓練。

We had all kinds of training that you can imagine.

我們有各種你能想到的訓練。

I was very happy. I was delighted with the outcome of my work.

我很開心。 我很高興看到自己工作的成果。

And one day, with four trainers and one bodyguard,

然後有一天， 我與四名訓練人員及一名保鏢

I was going up north of Kabul,

進入阿富汗首都喀布爾北邊，

and all of a sudden, again,

突然間，又來了，

I was stopped in the middle of the road

我被 19 個年輕人

by 19 young men.

擋在路中間。

Rifles on their shoulders, they blocked the road.

他們肩上荷著來福槍， 把路擋著。

And I told my driver, "What's going on?"

我問我的司機：「怎麼了？」

And the driver said, "I don't know."

司機回說：「我不知道。」

He asked them. They said, "We have nothing to do with you."

他問這些人。他們說： 「這裡沒你的事。」

They called my name. They said, "We want her."

他們叫我的名字， 他們說：「我們要找她。」

My bodyguard got out, said, "I can answer you.

我的保鏢下車說： 「我可以回答你們的問題。

What do you want?"

你們要什麼？」

They said, "Nothing." They called my name.

他們說：「沒什麼。」 然後他們叫我的名字。

And by that time, the women are yelling and screaming inside the car.

那個時候， 車上的婦女都開始大喊尖叫，

I am very shaken up, and I told myself, this is it.

我又抖的要命， 我對自己說，這次真的完了。

This time, we all are going to be killed.

這次，我們都要殺頭了。

There is no doubt in my mind.

我的心裡一點都不懷疑。

But still, the moment comes, and you take strength

儘管如此，在那一刻到來的時候，

from whatever you believe and whatever you do.

你要向你所相信的、 你所做的一切支取力量。

It's in your heart.

那是你心所愛。

You believe in your worth, and you can walk on it.

你相信你的價值， 你能為之作見證。

So I just hold myself on the side of the car.

所以我就在扶著車邊， 試著鎮定自己。

My leg was shaking, and I got outside.

我的腿抖動著，走到車外。

And I asked them, "What can I do for you?"

我問他們：「有什麼事嗎？」

You know what they said to me?

你知道他們對我說什麼嗎？

They said, "We know who you are.

他們說：「我們知道妳是誰。

We know where you are going.

我們知道妳在搞什麼。

Every day you go up north here and there.

每天妳都到北邊這裡和那裡。

You train women, you teach them

妳訓練女人，妳教她們，

and also you give them an opportunity to have a job.

而且妳還給她們機會找工作。

You build their skills. How about us?"

妳讓她們培養專長。那我們呢？」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

(Applause)

（掌聲）

"And you know, how about us?

「妳知道的啊？那我們呢？

What are we going to do?"

我們怎麼辦？」

I looked at them, and I said, "I don't know."

我看著他們， 我說：「我不知道。」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

They said, "It's OK.

他們說：「沒關係。

The only thing we can do, what we know,

我們唯一會做的，我們知道的，

from the time we're born, we just hold the gun and kill.

我們從出生起，就是拿槍殺人。

That's all we know."

我們只知道這些。」

And you know what that means.

你們都知道這是什麼意思。

It's a trap to me, of course.

那當然是挖陷阱給我跳。

So I walk out of there. They said, "We'll let you go, go."

所以我就走開。他們說： 「我們會放妳走。走吧！」

And so I walked into the car, I sit in the car,

所以我走進車裡，坐在裡面，

and I told the driver, "Turn around and go back to the office."

然後我告訴司機： 「掉頭回辦公室。」

At that time, we only were supporting girls.

那時，我們只援助女生。

We only had money for women to train them,

我們的錢只能訓練婦女，

to send them to school, and nothing else.

送她們去學校，沒別的了。

By the time I came to the office,

但是我回到辦公室時，

of course my trainers were gone.

當然我的訓練人員都走了。

They ran away home. Nobody stayed there.

他們都逃回家。 沒有人待在那裡。

My bodyguard was the only one there,

我的保鏢是唯一還待著的人，

and my voice was completely gone.

我完全發不出聲音。

I was shaken up, and I sat on my table,

我嚇壞了，我坐在桌上，

and I said, "What am I going to do?"

然後我說：「我要怎麼辦？」

How am I going to solve this problem?

我要怎麼解決這個問題？

Because we had training going on up north already.

因為我們已經在北邊開始訓練。

Hundreds of women were there coming to get training.

數百位婦女都會去那裡接受訓練。

So I was sitting there, all of a sudden, at this moment,

所以我坐在那裡， 突然——

talking about momentum, we are,

現在我們在這談動力，

at that moment,

而在那個當下，

one of my wonderful donors called me about a report.

有一位超棒的贊助人 打電話給我討論一份報告。

And she asked me, "Sakena?" And I answered her.

她問我：「莎肯娜？」 我回了她。

She said, "It's not you. What's wrong with you?"

她說：「這不像妳。妳怎麼啦？」

I said, "Nothing." I tried to cover.

我說：「沒事」。我試著回神。

No matter what I tried to do, she didn't believe me,

不管我怎麼試，她都不相信我，

and she asked me again.

所以她又問我一次。

"OK, tell me what's going on?"

「好吧？告訴我怎麼了？」

I told her the whole story.

我就跟她說事情的來龍去脈。

At that time, she said, "OK, you go next time, and you will help them.

那時她說： 「好，下次妳去，妳去幫助他們。

You will help them."

妳會幫助他們。」

And when, two days later, I went the same route,

二天之後， 我又走在同樣一條路上，

and do you know, they were not in here,

你們知道嗎， 他們不在原來的地方，

they were a little back further,

他們在前面一點的地方，

the same young men, standing up there and holding the rifle

同樣一批年輕人， 站在那裡荷著來福槍，

and pointing to us to stop the car.

槍口指著我們要我們停車。

So we stopped the car.

所以我們停下車。

I got out. I said, "OK, let's go with me."

我下車說：「好，跟我一起去。」

And they said, "Yes."

他們說：「好。」

I said, "On one condition, that whatever I say, you accept it."

我說：「只有一個條件， 無論我說什麼你們都要聽。」

And they said, yes, they do.

他們說好，他們會。

So I took them to the mosque,

所以我帶他們到清真寺，

and to make a long story short,

長話短說，

I told them I'd give them teachers.

我告訴他們我會給他們找老師。

Today, they are the best trainers.

今天，他們是我最棒的訓練人員。

They learn English,

他們學英文，

they learn how to be teachers,

他們學當老師，

they learn computers,

他們學電腦，

and they are my guides.

而且他們是我的嚮導。

Every area that is unknown to us in the mountain areas,

山區裡我們不知道的地方，

they go with me. They are ahead, and we go.

他們都帶我去。 他們走在前面，我們跟著。

And they protect us.

他們還保護我們。

And --

而且——

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

That tells you that education transforms people.

這告訴你們教育會使人轉變。

When you educate people,

當你教育大家，

they are going to be different,

他們會有所不同，

and today all over,

今天在各地，

we need to work for gender equality.

我們需要教育兩性平等。

We cannot only train women but forget about the men,

我們不能只訓練婦女， 但忘了男人，

because the men are the real people who are giving women the hardest time.

因為男人才是給女人 找最多麻煩的人。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

So we started training men because the men should know

所以我們開始訓練男人， 因為男人應該知道

the potential of women,

女性的潛能，

know how much these potential men has,

知道男人的潛能有多少，

and how much these women can do the same job they are doing.

知道女人也可以 跟男人做同樣的事。

So we are continuously giving training to men,

所以我們不斷訓練男人，

and I really believe strongly.

我真的堅信。

I live in a country that was a beautiful country.

我所住的國家 原本是個美麗的國家。

I just want to share this with you.

我只想與大家分享這點。

It was a beautiful country,

她原本是個美麗的國家，

beautiful, peaceful country.

美麗又和平的國家。

We were going everywhere.

我們能四處去。

Women were getting education:

女人能受教育：

lawyer, engineer, teacher,

當律師、工程師、老師，

and we were going from house to house.

我們能出門串門子。

We never locked our doors.

我們以前從不鎖門。

But you know what happened to my country.

但是你們都知道 我的國家發生了什麼。

Today, people cannot walk out of their door without security issues.

今天，大家不能 在戶外安全無虞的走路。

But we want the same Afghanistan we had before.

但是我們想要以前那個阿富汗。

And I want to tell you the other side.

我想告訴大家故事的另一面。

Today, the women of Afghanistan are working very, very hard.

今天，阿富汗女人 非常非常努力工作。

They are earning degrees. They are training to be lawyers.

她們獲取學位。 她們受訓練成為律師。

They are training to be doctors, back again.

她們受訓練成為醫師， 像以前一樣。

They are training to be teachers,

她們受訓成為老師，

and they are running businesses.

她們還經商。

So it is so wonderful

這真的非常棒，

to see people like that reach their complete potential,

能看到大家 像那樣完全發揮潛能，

and all of this is going to happen.

這些都要實現。

I want to share this with you,

我想跟大家分享這點，

because of love,

因為愛，

because of compassion,

因為憐憫，

and because of trust and honesty.

因為信任及誠實。

If you have these few things with you,

如果你有這幾項特質，

you will accomplish.

你就能完成使命。

We have one poet, Mawlānā Rūmī.

我們有位波斯詩人，魯米。

He said that by having compassion

他曾說有了憐憫、

and having love, you can conquer the world.

有了愛，你就能征服全世界。

And I tell you, we could.

而我告訴大家，我們可以。

And if we could do it in Afghanistan,

如果我們在阿富汗做得到，

I am sure 100 percent that everyone can do it in any part of the world.

我百分百確定每一個人都能在 世界的任何一個角落做到。

Thank you very, very much.

謝謝。萬分感激。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Thank you. Thank you.

謝謝。謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）