An underwater art museum, teeming with life | Jason deCaires Taylor

255,072 views ・ 2016-01-22

TED


請雙擊下方英文字幕播放視頻。

譯者: 易帆 余 審譯者: qianhui xia
10年前,
00:13
Ten years ago,
0
13142
1152
00:14
I had my first exhibition here.
1
14318
1896
我在這裡舉辦了我的第一次展覽。
00:16
I had no idea if it would work or was at all possible,
2
16638
4016
我不知道這是否行得通, 或者說是否有可能,
00:20
but with a few small steps and a very steep learning curve,
3
20678
3413
但隨著少許的小步驟, 及相當快速的學習,
00:24
I made my first sculpture, called "The Lost Correspondent."
4
24115
3243
我完成了我的第一件雕塑, 名叫" 遺失的通訊員 "
00:28
Teaming up with a marine biologist and a local dive center,
5
28406
3417
我與海洋生物學家 和當地的潛水中心合作,
00:31
I submerged the work off the coast of Grenada,
6
31847
2669
把這件作品沉放到 格林納達島的海岸,
00:34
in an area decimated by Hurricane Ivan.
7
34540
2655
一個被艾文颶風毀滅的地方。
00:37
And then this incredible thing happened.
8
37957
2126
然後難以置信的事發生了。
00:40
It transformed.
9
40554
1369
它變形了。
00:43
One sculpture became two.
10
43675
1780
一個雕塑變成兩個
00:46
Two quickly became 26.
11
46955
2199
很快地,兩個變二十六個。
00:50
And before I knew it,
12
50756
1151
在我還沒有反應過來的時候,
00:51
we had the world's first underwater sculpture park.
13
51931
2842
我們有了全球第一座 水底雕塑公園。
00:56
In 2009, I moved to Mexico and started by casting local fisherman.
14
56730
4847
2009年,我搬到墨西哥, 藉由雕塑當地漁民開始了我的生活。
01:02
This grew to a small community,
15
62950
1840
他們漸漸地成為一個小團體,
01:06
to almost an entire movement of people in defense of the sea.
16
66218
3668
後來幾乎發展成為 人們保護海洋的運動。
最後,變成一個水底博物館
01:11
And then finally, to an underwater museum,
17
71228
2693
01:13
with over 500 living sculptures.
18
73945
2053
有超過五百個栩栩如生的雕塑
01:18
Gardening, it seems, is not just for greenhouses.
19
78076
2858
園藝,不僅是溫室所特有的。
之後我們放大了一些設計品 :
01:23
We've since scaled up the designs:
20
83375
2642
01:26
"Ocean Atlas," in the Bahamas, rising 16 feet up to the surface
21
86041
4110
這是在巴哈馬群島的" 海洋地圖集 ", 雕塑高達16英呎
01:30
and weighing over 40 tons,
22
90175
1722
超過40噸重,
01:33
to now currently in Lanzarote,
23
93825
1788
最近在蘭薩羅特島
01:35
where I'm making an underwater botanical garden,
24
95637
3135
我在製作一個水下植物園,
01:38
the first of its kind in the Atlantic Ocean.
25
98796
2306
這是在大西洋第一個 水下植物園的嘗試。
01:42
Each project, we use materials and designs that help encourage life;
26
102834
4250
每一個項目,我們都使用那些 能夠促使生命生長的材料和設計;
01:47
a long-lasting pH-neutral cement provides a stable and permanent platform.
27
107108
5797
我們使用一種長效型中性的水泥, 它提供了穩定永久的平台。
01:53
It is textured to allow coral polyps to attach.
28
113398
2864
這些雕塑上的紋理讓珊瑚蟲得以附著。
01:57
We position them down current from natural reefs
29
117262
2717
我們把它們安置於水流 經過天然珊瑚礁的區域,
02:00
so that after spawning, there's areas for them to settle.
30
120003
3442
所以珊瑚蟲產卵之後, 它們可以在這裡定居下來。
02:05
The formations are all configured so that they aggregate fish
31
125937
2898
這些雕塑和珊瑚蟲成為一體
02:08
on a really large scale.
32
128859
1657
因此吸引大量的魚群聚集。
02:12
Even this VW Beetle has an internal living habitat
33
132918
3561
即使這台福斯金龜車 也有一個內部棲息地
02:16
to encourage crustaceans such as lobsters and sea urchins.
34
136503
3962
可以促進一些甲殼類動物, 像是龍蝦和海膽來棲息。
02:22
So why exhibit my work in the ocean?
35
142733
2740
那麼 我為什麼要在海洋 展覽我的作品呢?
02:25
Because honestly, it's really not easy.
36
145497
2538
說真的,這絕非易事。
02:28
When you're in the middle of the sea under a hundred-foot crane,
37
148059
3205
當你在海中央, 100 英呎起重機下面,
02:31
trying to lower eight tons down to the sea floor,
38
151288
3095
試著把八噸重的雕塑 下放到海床上時,
02:34
you start to wonder whether I shouldn't have taken up watercolor painting instead.
39
154407
3929
你會開始想 : 我是不是應該畫畫水彩畫就好了?
02:38
(Laughter)
40
158360
1001
(笑聲)
02:39
But in the end, the results always blow my mind.
41
159385
2713
但最終,這些成果總是讓我驚豔。
02:42
(Music)
42
162122
3980
( 音樂 )
03:04
The ocean is the most incredible exhibition space
43
184791
2920
海洋是最不可思議的展覽空間
03:07
an artist could ever wish for.
44
187735
1671
是藝術家最渴望的。
03:09
You have amazing lighting effects changing by the hour,
45
189430
3353
你有隨著時間而改變 的美麗燈光效果,
03:12
explosions of sand covering the sculptures in a cloud of mystery,
46
192807
4317
捲起的沙粒覆蓋了雕像, 為其帶來一種神秘感,
03:17
a unique timeless quality
47
197148
1904
一種獨特的永恆特質,
03:19
and the procession of inquisitive visitors,
48
199076
2040
還有好奇的游客們
03:21
each lending their own special touch to the site.
49
201140
2733
給這些雕塑帶來獨特的接觸。
03:23
(Music)
50
203897
4268
( 音樂 )
幾年後,
03:51
But over the years,
51
231288
1151
03:52
I've realized that the greatest thing about what we do,
52
232463
3359
我逐漸意識到 我們的作品的最偉大之處 ,
03:55
the really humbling thing about the work,
53
235846
2499
真正讓我們有敬畏之心的地方在於
03:58
is that as soon as we submerge the sculptures,
54
238369
2213
當我們把雕像放到海裡的時候
04:00
they're not ours anymore,
55
240606
1526
它們就再也不屬於我們的了,
04:02
because as soon as we sink them,
56
242156
1548
因為就在我們沉入它們的瞬間,
04:03
the sculptures, they belong to the sea.
57
243728
2261
那些雕塑,就屬於大海的了。
04:06
As new reefs form, a new world literally starts to evolve,
58
246013
4019
當新的珊瑚礁成型的時候 一個新的世界就開始出現,
04:10
a world that continuously amazes me.
59
250056
2201
一個讓我驚艷不斷的世界
04:12
It's a bit of a cliché, but nothing man-made
60
252750
2468
這也許是老生常談,
04:15
can ever match the imagination of nature.
61
255242
2491
但是任何人工的東西都無法與 大自然的想像力媲美。
04:18
Sponges look like veins across the faces.
62
258591
2920
海綿動物就像是臉上的血管,
04:22
Staghorn coral morphs the form.
63
262478
2825
鹿角珊瑚改變了雕塑的形式,
04:26
Fireworms scrawl white lines as they feed.
64
266567
3410
海毛蟲在進食時, 留下了白色的線條
04:31
Tunicates explode from the faces.
65
271557
3174
被囊動物像是從臉部爆炸竄出。
04:36
Sea urchins crawl across the bodies feeding at night.
66
276597
3412
海膽在晚上覓食的時候 爬過雕塑身體。
04:42
Coralline algae applies a kind of purple paint.
67
282752
3189
珊瑚藻塗上了一種 類似紫色的塗料。
04:47
The deepest red I've ever seen in my life lives underwater.
68
287671
3613
這是我在海底見過最深的紅色
海扇珊瑚隨著水波蕩漾。
04:54
Gorgonian fans oscillate with the waves.
69
294235
2716
04:59
Purple sponges breathe water like air.
70
299002
2717
紫海綿在水裡的呼吸像 呼吸空氣一樣
05:03
And grey angelfish glide silently overhead.
71
303221
3306
而灰色的神仙魚靜靜地從頭頂劃過。
05:08
And the amazing response we've had to these works
72
308832
2361
而這些作品給我們 帶來了驚人的反饋,
05:11
tells me that we've managed to plug into something really primal,
73
311217
4153
告訴我,我們成功地帶入一些 非常主要的東西,
05:15
because it seems that these images translate across the world,
74
315394
3825
因為似乎這些圖片無需翻譯 就可以在全世界傳送
05:19
and that's made me focus on my responsibility as an artist
75
319243
3841
而身為一位藝術家, 這使我關注到自身的責任,
05:23
and about what I'm trying to achieve.
76
323108
2134
以及我要嘗試達到甚麼目標?
05:25
I'm standing here today on this boat in the middle of the ocean,
77
325917
3622
今天我站在海中央的這條船上,
05:29
and this couldn't be a better place
78
329563
1723
沒有比這裡更適合的地方
05:31
to talk about the really, really important effect of my work.
79
331310
4127
去談論我的作品 真正重要的效應是什麼,
05:35
Because as we all know,
80
335461
1660
因為我們都知道,
05:37
our reefs are dying, and our oceans are in trouble.
81
337145
3046
我們的珊瑚礁正在死亡, 而我們的海洋正遇到麻煩
事情是這樣的 :
05:41
So here's the thing:
82
341160
1270
05:42
the most used, searched and shared image
83
342454
2763
迄今為止,我所有的作品中
05:45
of all my work thus far is this.
84
345241
2880
被使用、搜索和分享 最多的照片是這一張,
05:49
And I think this is for a reason,
85
349256
2150
我想這背後是有原因的,
05:51
or at least I hope it is.
86
351430
1519
或者說至少我希望背後有原因,
05:53
What I really hope is that people are beginning to understand
87
353560
3140
我所希望的是人們開始了解
05:56
that when we think of the environment and the destruction of nature,
88
356724
3668
當我們談起環境和 對大自然破壞的時候,
06:00
that we need to start thinking about our oceans, too.
89
360416
2866
我們也要想想我們的海洋。
06:03
Since building these sites, we've seen some phenomenal
90
363684
2531
自從做好這些雕塑群後, 我們已經看到一些現象
06:06
and unexpected results.
91
366239
1575
及一些出乎意料的結果。
06:08
Besides creating over 800 square meters of new habitats and living reef,
92
368260
5149
除了創造出八百平方米的 新珊瑚礁棲息地,
06:13
visitors to the marine park in Cancun now divide half their time
93
373433
4024
到坎昆海洋公園的遊客 如今會把他們的時間
06:17
between the museum and the natural reefs,
94
377481
2532
分一半給博物館, 一半留給自然珊瑚礁,
06:20
providing significant rest for natural, overstressed areas.
95
380037
3973
給自然中壓力過大的區域 留出了重要的休息時間。
06:24
Visitors to "Ocean Atlas" in the Bahamas highlighted a leak
96
384859
3867
到巴哈馬群島“ 海洋地圖集 ” 的游客注意到
06:28
from a nearby oil refinery.
97
388750
1809
附近煉油廠的漏油事件。
06:31
The subsequent international media forced the local government
98
391251
3325
隨後而來的就是國際媒體 施壓當地的政府
06:34
to pledge 10 million dollars in coastal cleanups.
99
394600
2849
要他們發誓得花一千萬美金 在海岸清潔上。
06:38
The sculpture park in Grenada was instrumental
100
398154
2374
格林那答的雕塑公園
06:40
in the government designating a spot -- a marine-protected area.
101
400552
4267
政府起了很大的作用, 指定這地方為一個水底保護區景點
06:44
Entrance fees to the park now help fund park rangers
102
404843
3359
現在公園門票費可以 資助公園管委會
06:48
to manage tourism and fishing quotas.
103
408226
2586
管理旅客及釣魚配額。
06:51
The site was actually listed as a "Wonder of the World"
104
411293
2608
此景點實際上已被 國家地理頻道列為世界奇觀
06:53
by National Geographic.
105
413925
1239
06:56
So why are we all here today in this room?
106
416297
2580
那麼我們今日齊聚在此的原因是甚麼 ?
06:58
What do we all have in common?
107
418901
2001
我們有甚麼共通點 ?
07:01
I think we all share a fear
108
421560
1635
我認為我們共同在承擔一種恐懼
07:03
that we don't protect our oceans enough.
109
423219
2134
就是我們對我們 的海洋保護仍不足。
07:05
And one way of thinking about this
110
425837
1647
而這其中一個原因是
07:07
is that we don't regard our oceans as sacred,
111
427508
3345
我們不認為我們的海洋是神聖的,
07:10
and we should.
112
430877
1238
但我們必須。
07:12
When we see incredible places --
113
432572
1563
當我們看到美到不行的地方
07:14
like the Himalayas or the La Sagrada Família,
114
434159
3938
像是喜馬拉雅山或聖家堂,
07:18
or the Mona Lisa, even --
115
438121
1661
或甚至是蒙娜麗莎--
07:19
when we see these incredible places and things,
116
439806
2889
當我們看到這些美到不行的地方或東西,
07:22
we understand their importance.
117
442719
2045
我們明白它們的重要性,
07:24
We call them sacred,
118
444788
1390
我們會說它們是神聖的,
07:26
and we do our best to cherish them, to protect them
119
446202
3657
我們會竭盡所能的珍習它們保護它們
07:29
and to keep them safe.
120
449883
1594
並維護它們的安全。
07:31
But in order to do that,
121
451970
1215
但為了這麼做,
07:33
we are the ones that have to assign that value;
122
453209
3330
我們就是那些 必須確保它們的價值的人 ;
07:36
otherwise, it will be desecrated
123
456563
1533
否則,它將會因為
07:38
by someone who doesn't understand that value.
124
458120
2624
不懂它們價值的人而變得不神聖。
07:41
So I want to finish up tonight by talking about sacred things.
125
461549
3835
所以我想談談神聖的事物 來結束今晚的演講。
07:45
When we were naming the site in Cancun,
126
465408
2154
當我們在為坎昆景點命名時,
07:47
we named it a museum for a very important and simple reason:
127
467586
4318
我們會稱它為博物館 有一個非常重要而單純的原因 :
07:51
museums are places of preservation,
128
471928
2427
博物館是一個保存,保護及教育的地方,
07:54
of conservation and of education.
129
474379
2794
07:57
They're places where we keep objects of great value to us,
130
477524
3436
博物館是我們維護 有極大價值物品的地方,
08:00
where we simply treasure them for them being themselves.
131
480984
3109
在這裡,我們因它們本身的價值 而單純地珍惜他們。
08:04
If someone was to throw an egg at the Sistine Chapel,
132
484966
2787
如果有人扔一個雞蛋在西斯廷教堂,
08:07
we'd all go crazy.
133
487777
1530
我們都會抓狂。
08:09
If someone wanted to build a seven-star hotel
134
489704
2466
如果有人要在大峽谷的底部
08:12
at the bottom of the Grand Canyon,
135
492194
1815
蓋七星級的旅館,
08:14
then we would laugh them out of Arizona.
136
494033
2128
那麼我們嘲笑 並強迫他們離開亞利桑那州。
08:16
Yet every day we dredge, pollute and overfish our oceans.
137
496494
4409
然而,我們每天採挖、污染 和過度捕撈我們的海洋。
08:20
And I think it's easier for us to do that,
138
500927
2406
我認為我們很容易可以做到這一點,
08:23
because when we see the ocean,
139
503357
2096
因為當我們看到海洋時,
08:25
we don't see the havoc we're wreaking.
140
505477
1928
我們看不到我們正在大肆破壞它。
08:27
Because for most people,
141
507429
1570
因為大部分的人,
08:29
the ocean is like this.
142
509023
1500
看到的海洋是如此......
08:30
And it's really hard
143
510980
1151
且很難想像
08:32
to think of something that's just so plain and so enormous, as fragile.
144
512155
5418
平靜巨大的海洋 竟是如此的弱不禁風。
08:37
It's simply too massive, too vast, too endless.
145
517597
3353
海洋是如此的龐大、廣闊、無邊際。
但你在此看到甚麼?
08:41
And what do you see here?
146
521387
1223
08:42
I think most people actually look past to the horizon.
147
522634
2689
我認為大多數人對海洋 實際上仍停留在過去的印象。
08:45
So I think there's a real danger
148
525713
1689
所以我認為真正的危機就是
08:47
that we never really see the sea,
149
527426
2887
我們從未真正的了解海洋,
08:50
and if we don't really see it,
150
530337
1509
而如果我們不真的了解它,
08:51
if it doesn't have its own iconography,
151
531870
2399
如果它沒有了獨自的精神象徵,
08:54
if we miss its majesty,
152
534293
2012
如果我們錯過對它的尊重,
08:56
then there's a big danger that we take it for granted.
153
536329
2998
之後我們理所當然的 會有大危機。
09:00
Cancun is famous for spring break,
154
540772
3317
坎昆是著名的春假地點、
龍舌​​蘭酒和泡沫派對的旅遊勝地。
09:04
tequila and foam parties.
155
544113
2259
09:06
And its waters are where frat boys can ride around on Jet Skis
156
546396
3543
那邊的水可以讓大學聯誼會男生
09:09
and banana boats.
157
549963
1262
在附近騁馳水上摩托車及香蕉船。
09:11
But because of our work there, there's now a little corner of Cancun
158
551590
4013
但因為我們的作品在那邊, 坎昆那裏現在有一個小角落,
09:15
that is simply precious for being itself.
159
555627
2682
那簡直是太珍貴了。
我們不想只停留在格林納達、
09:19
And we don't want to stop in Grenada,
160
559071
2631
09:21
in Cancun or the Bahamas.
161
561726
2310
坎昆或巴哈馬群島。
09:24
Just last month, I installed these Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
162
564496
3891
就在上個月,我在泰晤士河畔 安置了「末世四騎士」。
09:28
in the Thames River,
163
568411
1500
就在倫敦市中心 國會大廈的前面
09:31
in central London, right in front of the Houses of Parliament,
164
571062
3502
09:34
putting a stark message about climate change
165
574588
2957
把一個氣候變化鮮明的訊息
09:37
in front of the people that have the power to help change things.
166
577569
3824
放在人們面前, 來幫助改變獲得動力
因為對我而言, 這個使命僅僅是剛開始而已。
09:43
Because for me, this is just the beginning of the mission.
167
583049
3038
09:46
We want to team up with other inventors,
168
586111
2506
我們必須與其他發明家、
09:48
creators, philanthropists, educators, biologists,
169
588641
3921
創作家、慈善家、教育工作者、 生物學家一起合作,
09:52
to see better futures for our oceans.
170
592586
2374
讓我們可以看到海洋更美好的未來。
09:54
And we want to see beyond sculpture,
171
594984
2548
而我們甚至也想看到
09:57
beyond art, even.
172
597556
1408
人們在雕塑與藝術背後 獲得真正的啟發。
09:59
Say you're a 14-year-old kid from the city,
173
599995
2418
假設你現在是個14歲的都市小孩,
10:02
and you've never seen the ocean.
174
602437
1722
而你從未見過海洋。
10:04
And instead of getting taken to the natural history museum
175
604476
3593
而僅是去過自然歷史博物館
10:08
or an aquarium,
176
608093
1588
或一個水族館,
10:09
you get taken out to the ocean,
177
609705
2522
你被帶到海裡
10:12
to an underwater Noah's Ark,
178
612251
2761
來到一個水下的諾亞方舟,
10:15
which you can access through a dry-glass viewing tunnel,
179
615036
3970
透過水底的透視玻璃隧道,
10:19
where you can see all the wildlife of the land
180
619030
2402
你看到了那裏生長了
10:21
be colonized by the wildlife of the ocean.
181
621456
2349
世上所有的海洋野生動物。
10:24
Clearly, it would blow your mind.
182
624290
1926
顯然地,這會讓你永生難忘。
10:27
So let's think big and let's think deep.
183
627290
2961
所以讓我們深思熟慮一下。
10:30
Who knows where our imagination and willpower can lead us?
184
630569
3436
誰曉得我們的想像力及 意志力會帶領我們到哪裡 ?
10:34
I hope that by bringing our art into the ocean,
185
634029
2948
我希望藉著把我們的藝術 帶入海洋的同時,
10:37
that not only do we take advantage of amazing creativity
186
637001
3529
我們不僅從神奇的創作得到益處及
10:40
and visual impact of the setting,
187
640554
2135
步置的視覺享受,
10:42
but that we are also giving something back,
188
642713
2446
我們也能取回一些東西,
10:45
and by encouraging new environments to thrive,
189
645183
3358
藉由鼓勵新環境的復甦,
10:48
and in some way opening up a new -- or maybe it's a really old way
190
648565
5069
並以某種開創式新的-- 或只是一個非常古老的方法
10:53
of seeing the seas:
191
653658
2067
來了解海洋是個 :
10:55
as delicate, precious places,
192
655749
3530
精緻、珍貴
值得我們保護的地方。
10:59
worthy of our protection.
193
659303
1769
11:01
Our oceans are sacred.
194
661896
1755
我們的海洋是神聖的,
11:03
Thank you.
195
663675
1501
謝謝各位。
11:05
(Applause)
196
665200
2934
( 掌聲 )
關於本網站

本網站將向您介紹對學習英語有用的 YouTube 視頻。 您將看到來自世界各地的一流教師教授的英語課程。 雙擊每個視頻頁面上顯示的英文字幕,從那裡播放視頻。 字幕與視頻播放同步滾動。 如果您有任何意見或要求,請使用此聯繫表與我們聯繫。

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7