Cristina Domenech: Poetry that frees the soul (with English subtitles) | TED

64,829 views ・ 2015-01-16

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00:00
Translator: Sebastian Betti Reviewer: Gisela Giardino
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翻译人员: Xin Rong 校对人员: Xiaoou Chen
00:14
It's said that to be a poet
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有人说 如果你想要成为诗人
00:18
you have to go to hell and back.
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你就必须去一趟地狱 然后回来
00:24
The first time I visited the prison,
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当我第一次参观监狱时
00:27
I was not surprised by the noise of the padlocks,
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00:32
or the closing doors, or the cell bars,
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狱室的栏杆 和我之前想象出的各种恐怖东西
00:36
or by any of the things I had imagined.
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都没有吓到我
00:40
Maybe because the prison is in a quite open space.
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也许是因为那个监狱是在一个比较开阔的地方
00:45
You can see the sky.
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抬头就是天空
00:47
Seagulls fly overhead, and you feel like you're next to the sea,
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海鸥在头顶飞翔 你会感觉大海就在附近
00:51
that you're really close to the beach.
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沙滩就在附近
00:54
But in fact, the gulls are looking for food in the dump near the prison.
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但是实际上 那些海鸥是在监狱旁边的垃圾堆里寻找食物
01:01
I went farther inside and I suddenly saw inmates moving across the corridors.
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我继续往里面走 突然看到囚犯们在走廊里走动
01:07
Then it was as if I stepped back and thought
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我停下脚步 陷入了思考
01:11
that I could have very well been one of them.
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我也有可能成为他们中的一员
01:15
If I had another story, another context, different luck.
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如果我的人生是另一个故事 另一种境遇 不同的缘分
01:22
Because nobody - nobody - can choose where they're born.
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因为没有人能够选择他们的出身
01:29
In 2009, I was invited to join a project
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2009年,我应邀参加了一个项目
01:34
that San Martín National University conducted at the Unit 48 penitentiary,
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圣·马丁国立大学在第48教养所
01:39
to coordinate a writing workshop.
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举办了一个写作班
01:43
The prison service ceded some land at the end of the prison,
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狱方在监狱的尽头划了一片地
01:49
which is where they constructed the University Center building.
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在那里修建了大学中心的建筑
01:56
The first time I met with the prisoners,
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我第一次和那些囚犯见面时
01:58
I asked them why they were asking for a writing workshop
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我问他们为什么要参加写作班
02:02
and they told me they wanted to put on paper
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他们说要把那些不能说与不能做的事
02:05
all that they couldn't say and do.
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都写在纸上
02:11
Right then I decided that I wanted poetry to enter the prison.
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那一刻 我决定把诗引入监狱
02:17
So I said to them why don't we work with poetry,
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于是我跟他们说 为什么我们不写诗
02:21
if they knew what poetry was.
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如果他们知道诗是什么
02:23
But nobody had a clue what poetry really was.
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但是没有人清楚诗到底是什么
02:30
They also suggested to me
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他们还给我建议
02:32
that the workshop should be not just for the inmates
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写作班不应该只面向参加大学课程的囚犯
02:34
taking university classes, but for all the inmates.
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而应该面向所有囚犯
02:40
And so I said that to start this workshop,
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于是我说如果要办这个写作班
02:43
I needed to find a tool that we all had in common.
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我需要找到一个我们都有的工具
02:47
That tool was language.
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这个工具就是语言
02:50
We had language, we had the workshop. We could have poetry.
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我们有语言 有这个写作班 就应当可以写诗
02:56
But what I hadn't considered was that inequality exists in prison, too.
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但是我没有想到 监狱里面也存在着不平等
03:02
Many of the prisoners hadn't even completed grammar school.
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很多囚犯连语法都没学过
03:07
Many couldn't use cursive, could barely print.
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很多人不会手写体 连写印刷体也很困难
03:15
They didn't write fluently, either.
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他们写的也不流畅
03:19
So we started looking for short poems.
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于是我们先从短篇诗开始
03:23
Very short, but very powerful.
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非常短 但是非常有力
03:26
And we started to read, and we'd read one author, then another author,
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然后我们开始阅读 一位作家接着一位作家的读
03:30
and by reading such short poems, they all began to realize
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通过阅读这些短篇诗 他们都开始意识到
03:35
that what the poetic language did was to break a certain logic,
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诗的语言能够打破一定的逻辑
03:40
and create another system.
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并且建立另一个系统
03:42
Breaking the logic of language also breaks the logic of the system
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诗在打破了语言的逻辑 的同时也打破了
03:45
under which they've learned to respond.
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他们早已适应的系统的逻辑
03:50
So a new system appeared,
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于是一个新的系统诞生了
03:54
new rules that made them understand very quickly,
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新的规则让他们非常迅速
03:59
- very quickly -
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非常迅速地理解到
04:01
that with poetic language
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利用诗的语言
04:03
they would be able to say absolutely whatever they wanted.
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他们可以说出想表达的一切
04:11
It's said that to be a poet you have to go to hell and back.
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有人说要成为诗人 就要到地狱去再回来
04:17
And they have plenty of hell. Plenty of hell.
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这些囚犯的现实人生已然是地狱
04:21
One of them once said: "In prison you never sleep.
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一个囚犯说 “在监狱无法睡觉
04:26
You can never sleep in jail. You can never close your eyelids."
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“在监狱无法入眠 无法合拢眼皮”
04:32
And so, like I’m doing now, I gave them a moment of silence,
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于是 就像我现在要做的 我让他们保持片刻的安静
04:38
then said, “That's what poetry is, you guys.
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然后说 “这就是诗,各位”
04:44
It's in this prison universe that you have all around you.
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诗就在这所监狱中 在你的周围
04:49
Everything you say about how you never sleep,
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你说的关于“无法入眠”的一切
04:51
it exudes fear.
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都散发着恐惧
04:53
All the things that go unwritten -- all of that is poetry."
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所有这一切没有写下来的 全部都是诗
04:59
So we started appropriating that hell;
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于是我们开始借用这个地狱
05:03
we plunged ourselves, headfirst, into the seventh circle.
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我们将自己头朝下 投入到第七圈地狱中
05:07
And in that seventh circle of hell, our very own, beloved circle,
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而就在这第七圈地狱 我们自己的 钟爱的第七圈
05:11
they learned that they could make the walls invisible,
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他们发现自己可以让围墙消失
05:15
that they could make the windows yell,
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可以让窗户咆哮
05:17
and that we could hide inside the shadows.
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而我们可以躲在阴影里
05:23
When the first year of the workshop had ended,
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当第一年的写作班结束时
05:27
we organized a little closing party,
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我们开了一个小型的结课聚会
05:29
like you do when a job is done with so much love,
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就好像当你投入了很多爱 去完成了一项工作时
05:33
and you want to celebrate with a party.
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你会用一个聚会来庆祝
05:36
We called family, friends, the university authorities.
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我们叫来了家人 朋友 大学的官员
05:40
The only thing the inmates had to do was read a poem,
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犯人们唯一需要做的 就是读一首诗
05:45
and receive their diplomas and applause.
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然后接收学位并鼓掌
05:47
That was our simple party.
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我们的聚会就是这样简单
05:52
The only thing I want to leave you with
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我还想告诉你的唯一一点
05:58
is the moment in which those men,
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就是有那么一刻 这些人
06:03
some of them just huge when standing next to me,
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他们中有些人站在我旁边 显得十分巨大
06:05
or the young boys - so young, but with an enormous pride,
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还有年轻的男孩 非常年轻 但是非常有傲骨
06:11
held their papers and trembled like little kids and sweated,
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他们都拿着自己的纸 颤抖得像小孩子 满身是汗
06:17
and read their poems with their voices completely broken.
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朗诵着自己的诗 声音完全嘶哑了
06:24
That moment made me think a lot
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那一刻让我思考良多
06:28
that for most of them, it was surely the very first time
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对于他们中大多数人 这肯定是第一次
06:33
that someone applauded them for something they had done.
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能够有人为了他们做的事情而鼓掌
06:40
In prison there are things that can't be done.
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在监狱中有些事情是不能做的
06:44
In prison, you can't dream. In prison, you can't cry.
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在监狱里 不能做梦 在监狱里 不能哭喊
06:49
There are words that are virtually forbidden, like the word "time,"
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有些词基本是禁用的 比如说“时间”
06:54
the word "future," the word "wish".
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“未来” 或者 “希望”
06:59
But we dared to dream, and to dream a lot.
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但是我们敢于去做梦 做很多的梦
07:04
We decided that they were going to write a book.
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我们决定犯人们可以写本书
07:09
Not only did they write a book, but they also bound it themselves.
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他们不仅写了一本书 而且他们还自己装订
07:13
That was at the end of 2010.
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那是2010年年底
07:16
Then, we doubled the bet and wrote another book.
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那之后 我们下了双重赌注 写了另一本书
07:21
And we bound that one, too.
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我们也装订了那一本
07:22
That was a short time ago, at the end of last year.
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那是不久之前 去年年底
07:28
What I see week after week,
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一个又一个星期过去了 我所看到的是
07:32
is how they're turning into different people;
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他们如何成为了不同的人
07:36
how they're being transformed.
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他们如何进行转变
07:38
How words are empowering them with a dignity they had never known,
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词语是如何让他们变得强大而有尊严 连他们自己都从未知道
07:43
that they couldn't even imagine.
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甚至都不可能想象
07:45
They had no idea such dignity could come from them.
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他们曾经不晓得 尊严可以这样在他们身上出现
07:51
At the workshop, in that beloved hell we share, we all give something.
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在写作班上 那个我们所爱的地狱中 我们共同分享 给予
07:58
We open our hands and hearts and give what we have, what we can.
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我们张开双手 敞开心扉 尽力给予
08:02
All of us; all of us equally.
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我们所有人 所有人平等地
08:05
And so you feel that at least in a small way
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于是你感觉至少很微不足道地
08:09
you're repairing that huge social fracture
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你在修理一个巨大的社会的裂痕
08:13
which makes it so that for many of them,
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这个裂痕造成的后果 就是很多像他们一样的人
08:18
prison is their only destination.
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监狱成为了他们唯一的终点
08:24
I remember a verse by a tremendous poet, a great poet,
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我记得一句诗 是一位很伟大的诗人写的
08:30
from our Unit 48 workshop, Nicolás Dorado:
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是来自我们第48所的写作班 尼古拉斯·多拉多
08:40
"I will need an infinite thread to sew up this huge wound."
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“我需要一根无限长的线 才能缝合这个巨大的伤口”
08:47
Poetry does that; it sews up the wounds of exclusion.
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诗就能做到这一点 诗可以缝合排斥带来的伤口
08:53
It opens doors. Poetry works as a mirror.
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诗能打开一扇扇门 诗歌就像一面镜子
08:58
It creates a mirror, which is the poem.
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它创造了一面镜子,这就是诗
09:01
They recognize themselves, they look at themselves in the poem
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他们可以认识自己 在诗中审视自己
09:05
and write from who they are, and are from what they write.
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写自己是谁 写的就是自己
09:10
In order to write,
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为了写诗
09:13
they need to appropriate the moment of writing
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他们需要投入到写作的那一刻中
09:17
which is a moment of extraordinary freedom.
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那是一个极为自由的时刻
09:21
They have to get into their heads, search for that bit of freedom
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他们必须走进自己的头脑 寻找自由的那一个点
09:24
that can never be taken away when they write
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这自由绝不会被夺走 只要他们在写作
09:29
and that is also useful to realize that freedom is possible
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这也帮助他们意识到 自由是可能的
09:32
even inside a prison,
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甚至是在监狱中
09:34
and that the only bars we have in our wonderful space
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在我们美好的空间中 我们仅有的栏杆
09:40
is the word "bars,"
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仅仅是“栏杆”这个词
09:42
and that all of us in our hell burn with happiness
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我们所有的人 在我们的地狱中 幸福地燃烧
09:45
when we light the wick of the word.
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当我们点燃词语这个蕊心
09:49
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
10:17
I told you a lot about the prison, a lot about what I experience
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我跟你讲述了很多关于监狱的事 很多我的体验
10:23
every week, and how I enjoy it and transform myself with the inmates.
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每个星期 我如何享受这个过程 和犯人们一同转变自我
10:28
But you don't know how much I'd like it
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但是你不知道我到底有多喜欢
10:31
if you could feel, live, experience, even for a few seconds,
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如果你能够感受 亲历 体验 哪怕只是几秒钟
10:37
what I enjoy every week and what makes me who I am.
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我每个星期所享受的 也是塑造了我这个人的体验
10:44
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
10:53
Martín Bustamante: The heart chews tears of time;
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马丁·布斯塔曼特: 心灵咀嚼着时间的眼泪
10:57
blinded by that light,
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被亮光所致盲
11:00
it hides the speed of existence
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在那里画面划动而过的地方
11:03
where the images go rowing by.
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它隐藏了存在的速度
11:05
It fights; it hangs on.
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它斗争着 它坚持着
11:08
The heart cracks under sad gazes,
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心在悲伤眼神的注视中碎裂
11:12
rides on storms that spread fire,
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驾驭着传播烈火的风暴
11:16
lifts chests lowered by shame,
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挺起了因羞耻而低垂的胸膛
11:19
knows that it's not just reading and going on,
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知道这不只是短暂的阅读后 仍然继续
11:22
it also wishes to see the infinite blue.
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它也希望能看到无限的蔚蓝
11:26
The heart sits down to think about things,
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心坐下来开始思考事情
11:30
fights to avoid being ordinary,
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斗争着避免平庸
11:32
tries to love without hurting,
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试图去爱而避免伤害
11:36
breathes the sun, giving courage to itself,
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呼吸阳光 给予自己勇气
11:40
surrenders, travels toward reason.
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投降 走向理性
11:44
The heart fights among the swamps,
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心在沼泽中斗争
11:47
skirts the edge of the underworld,
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绕行着黑暗社会的边际
11:50
falls exhausted, but won't give in to what's easy,
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筋疲力竭 但不会向容易做的
11:55
while irregular steps of intoxication
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但是一步步引向中毒的事情投降
11:57
wake up,
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醒来
11:59
wake the stillness.
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打破寂静
12:01
I'm Martín Bustamante,
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我是马丁·巴斯特曼特
12:03
I'm a prisoner in Unit 48 of San Martín,
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我是圣马丁第48狱所的囚犯
12:07
today is my day of temporary release.
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今天是我的临时释放日
12:10
And for me, poetry and literature have changed my life.
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对于我来说 诗与文学改变了我的生活
12:13
Thank you very much!
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非常感谢!
12:14
Cristina Domenech: Thank you!
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克里斯蒂娜·多美尼克:谢谢!
12:16
(Applause)
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这个网站将向你介绍对学习英语有用的YouTube视频。你将看到来自世界各地的一流教师教授的英语课程。双击每个视频页面上显示的英文字幕,即可从那里播放视频。字幕会随着视频的播放而同步滚动。如果你有任何意见或要求,请使用此联系表与我们联系。

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