Cristina Domenech: Poetry that frees the soul (with English subtitles) | TED

64,787 views ・ 2015-01-16

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00:00
Translator: Sebastian Betti Reviewer: Gisela Giardino
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譯者: Melody Tang 審譯者: Bighead Ge
00:14
It's said that to be a poet
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有人說 要成為一個詩人
00:18
you have to go to hell and back.
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你必須去過地獄後回來。
00:24
The first time I visited the prison,
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我第一次去拜訪監獄時,
00:27
I was not surprised by the noise of the padlocks,
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關鎖,關門,
00:32
or the closing doors, or the cell bars,
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柵欄,或其他我早已想到的聲音,
00:36
or by any of the things I had imagined.
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都沒嚇到我。
00:40
Maybe because the prison is in a quite open space.
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可能是因為監獄是一個 相當大的開放空間。
00:45
You can see the sky.
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你可以看到天空。
00:47
Seagulls fly overhead, and you feel like you're next to the sea,
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海鷗從頭上飛過, 你覺得好像在海邊,
00:51
that you're really close to the beach.
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非常靠近沙灘。
00:54
But in fact, the gulls are looking for food in the dump near the prison.
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但實際上,海鷗是在 監獄附近的垃圾堆找食物。
01:01
I went farther inside and I suddenly saw inmates moving across the corridors.
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我走進去 突然看到囚犯在穿過走廊。
01:07
Then it was as if I stepped back and thought
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然後我好像停下來 在想我也有可能
01:11
that I could have very well been one of them.
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是他們中間的一份子。
01:15
If I had another story, another context, different luck.
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如果我有另一個人生故事, 在另一個時空,不同的運氣。
01:22
Because nobody - nobody - can choose where they're born.
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因為沒有人- 沒有人 - 可以選擇他們的出生地。
01:29
In 2009, I was invited to join a project
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在2009年,我應邀參與
01:34
that San Martín National University conducted at the Unit 48 penitentiary,
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聖‧馬丁國立大學 在48號感化院所舉辦的
01:39
to coordinate a writing workshop.
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一個協調寫作班的專案。
01:43
The prison service ceded some land at the end of the prison,
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獄方在監牢盡頭的一塊地上
01:49
which is where they constructed the University Center building.
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蓋了一個大學中心的建築物。
01:56
The first time I met with the prisoners,
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我第一次見與囚犯見面時,
01:58
I asked them why they were asking for a writing workshop
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我問他們為什麼他們要求上寫作課
02:02
and they told me they wanted to put on paper
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他們告訴我他們要 將他們無法說和做的事情
02:05
all that they couldn't say and do.
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寫在紙上。
02:11
Right then I decided that I wanted poetry to enter the prison.
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那時我就決定我要將詩引進監獄。
02:17
So I said to them why don't we work with poetry,
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我就告訴他們 如果你們知道詩是什麼
02:21
if they knew what poetry was.
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我們何不寫詩。
02:23
But nobody had a clue what poetry really was.
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但沒有人真正知道詩是什麼。
02:30
They also suggested to me
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他們也向我建議
02:32
that the workshop should be not just for the inmates
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這個班應該不應只是讓想要上
02:34
taking university classes, but for all the inmates.
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大學課程的囚犯參加, 所有囚犯應該都可參加。
02:40
And so I said that to start this workshop,
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我同意後就開始了這個寫作課。
02:43
I needed to find a tool that we all had in common.
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我必須先找一個我們都知道的工具。
02:47
That tool was language.
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那個工具就是語言。
02:50
We had language, we had the workshop. We could have poetry.
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我們有語言,我們有這個課。 我們就可以有詩。
02:56
But what I hadn't considered was that inequality exists in prison, too.
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但我沒考慮到的是 監獄也有不平等。
03:02
Many of the prisoners hadn't even completed grammar school.
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許多囚犯甚至沒有讀完小學。
03:07
Many couldn't use cursive, could barely print.
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許多不會寫草書,只會一點正楷。
03:15
They didn't write fluently, either.
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他們無法流暢的寫。
03:19
So we started looking for short poems.
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所以我們開始找短詩。
03:23
Very short, but very powerful.
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很短有很有力的短詩。
03:26
And we started to read, and we'd read one author, then another author,
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然後我們開始讀詩, 我們讀過一個詩人的詩 再讀另一個的,
03:30
and by reading such short poems, they all began to realize
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在讀這些短詩,他們都開始理解
03:35
that what the poetic language did was to break a certain logic,
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詩的語言可以破壞某些邏輯,
03:40
and create another system.
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然後創造另一個系統。
03:42
Breaking the logic of language also breaks the logic of the system
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破壞語言的邏輯 同時也破壞了系統的邏輯
03:45
under which they've learned to respond.
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在那系統下他們已習慣去反應。
03:50
So a new system appeared,
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因此一個新的系統出現了,
03:54
new rules that made them understand very quickly,
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讓他們很快能了解的新的規則,
03:59
- very quickly -
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- 很快的 -
04:01
that with poetic language
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藉新規則和詩的語言
04:03
they would be able to say absolutely whatever they wanted.
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他們可以完全表達他們想要的。
04:11
It's said that to be a poet you have to go to hell and back.
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有人說要成為詩人 你必須去過地獄後再回來。
04:17
And they have plenty of hell. Plenty of hell.
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他們已歷經夠多的地獄。 夠多的地獄。
04:21
One of them once said: "In prison you never sleep.
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他們中的一個曾說: 「在監獄裏你無法睡
04:26
You can never sleep in jail. You can never close your eyelids."
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你從來無法在監獄裏睡。 你無法闔眼。」
04:32
And so, like I’m doing now, I gave them a moment of silence,
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然後,就像我現在要做的, 我請他們靜默一下,
04:38
then said, “That's what poetry is, you guys.
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然後我說, 「大夥們,那就是詩。
04:44
It's in this prison universe that you have all around you.
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它在這個監獄範圍內,在你的四周。
04:49
Everything you say about how you never sleep,
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你們所說的你不能睡覺,
04:51
it exudes fear.
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它滲出恐懼。
04:53
All the things that go unwritten -- all of that is poetry."
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所有這些你沒有寫出來的 - 所有這些就是詩。」
04:59
So we started appropriating that hell;
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我們開始掌握這個地獄;
05:03
we plunged ourselves, headfirst, into the seventh circle.
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我們將自己,頭向下, 投入第七圈地獄。
05:07
And in that seventh circle of hell, our very own, beloved circle,
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在第七圈地獄, 我們自己的,最鍾愛的一圈,
05:11
they learned that they could make the walls invisible,
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他們學到他們可以讓牆壁消失,
05:15
that they could make the windows yell,
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他們可以讓窗戶咆哮,
05:17
and that we could hide inside the shadows.
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我們可以躲在影子下。
05:23
When the first year of the workshop had ended,
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當第一年的寫作課結束時,
05:27
we organized a little closing party,
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我們籌組了一個結業派對,
05:29
like you do when a job is done with so much love,
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就像你們用許多的愛做完一件工作後,
05:33
and you want to celebrate with a party.
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你想要用一個派對來慶祝。
05:36
We called family, friends, the university authorities.
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我們邀請家人,朋友, 大學的長官們。
05:40
The only thing the inmates had to do was read a poem,
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這些囚犯學生唯一要做的就是 朗讀一首詩,
05:45
and receive their diplomas and applause.
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然後接受他們的文憑和掌聲。
05:47
That was our simple party.
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那就是我們簡單的派對。
05:52
The only thing I want to leave you with
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我唯一要留下來的
05:58
is the moment in which those men,
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就是這些人的一些瞬間,
06:03
some of them just huge when standing next to me,
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他們有些站在我旁邊時顯得非常巨大,
06:05
or the young boys - so young, but with an enormous pride,
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或著是年輕的男孩 - 非常年輕, 但是很有榮譽的,
06:11
held their papers and trembled like little kids and sweated,
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拿著紙張,他們像小孩子一樣顫抖著, 滿身大汗,
06:17
and read their poems with their voices completely broken.
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在朗讀他們的詩時,聲音斷斷續續。
06:24
That moment made me think a lot
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這些瞬間讓我想了許多
06:28
that for most of them, it was surely the very first time
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對他們許多人來說, 這是他們的第一次
06:33
that someone applauded them for something they had done.
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第一次有人因為他們所做的向他們鼓掌。
06:40
In prison there are things that can't be done.
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在監獄裏有許多不能做的事。
06:44
In prison, you can't dream. In prison, you can't cry.
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在監獄,你不能夢想。 在監獄,你不能哭。
06:49
There are words that are virtually forbidden, like the word "time,"
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有許多字眼實質上是絕對禁止的, 如「時間」,
06:54
the word "future," the word "wish".
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「將來」,「希望」。
06:59
But we dared to dream, and to dream a lot.
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但是我們敢夢,要做許多夢。
07:04
We decided that they were going to write a book.
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我們決定我們要寫一本書。
07:09
Not only did they write a book, but they also bound it themselves.
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他們不只寫了一本書, 他們還自己裝訂。
07:13
That was at the end of 2010.
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那是2010年底。
07:16
Then, we doubled the bet and wrote another book.
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然後,我們加碼再寫了另一本書。
07:21
And we bound that one, too.
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我們也裝訂了那一本。
07:22
That was a short time ago, at the end of last year.
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那是不久以前,去年底。
07:28
What I see week after week,
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我在一週又一週所看到的,
07:32
is how they're turning into different people;
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是他們如何轉變成不同的人;
07:36
how they're being transformed.
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他們如何被轉化。
07:38
How words are empowering them with a dignity they had never known,
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言語如何使他們得到他們從未有的尊嚴,
07:43
that they couldn't even imagine.
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那是他們從來甚至沒有想像的。
07:45
They had no idea such dignity could come from them.
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他們從不知道他們可以有這樣的尊嚴。
07:51
At the workshop, in that beloved hell we share, we all give something.
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在上課時,在那個大家所愛的地獄裏
我們分享,我們給予。
07:58
We open our hands and hearts and give what we have, what we can.
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我們敞開我們的雙手和心扉 給予我們有的,能給的。
08:02
All of us; all of us equally.
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我們所有人, 平等地。
08:05
And so you feel that at least in a small way
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然後你感覺到至少, 少許的
08:09
you're repairing that huge social fracture
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你在修補那個巨大的社會裂痕
08:13
which makes it so that for many of them,
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那些使的他們多數
08:18
prison is their only destination.
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只有監獄這條歸路。
08:24
I remember a verse by a tremendous poet, a great poet,
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我記得一個詩句 一個非常好的,偉大的詩人寫的,
08:30
from our Unit 48 workshop, Nicolás Dorado:
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來自我們第48號感化院, 尼可拉斯‧竇拉竇:
08:40
"I will need an infinite thread to sew up this huge wound."
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「 我會需要一條無限長的線 來縫補這個巨大的傷口。」
08:47
Poetry does that; it sews up the wounds of exclusion.
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詩可以,它可以縫補「排斥」的傷口。
08:53
It opens doors. Poetry works as a mirror.
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它開啟門。 詩可成為一面鏡子。
08:58
It creates a mirror, which is the poem.
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它創造一個鏡子,那就是詩。
09:01
They recognize themselves, they look at themselves in the poem
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他們認識他們是誰, 他們在詩裏看著自己
09:05
and write from who they are, and are from what they write.
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從他們是誰寫詩, 詩裏寫的就是他們是誰
09:10
In order to write,
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為了寫詩,
09:13
they need to appropriate the moment of writing
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他們需要擁有寫作的瞬間
09:17
which is a moment of extraordinary freedom.
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那是一個不尋常的自由的瞬間。
09:21
They have to get into their heads, search for that bit of freedom
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他們必須在自己的頭腦裏, 找尋那一點的自由
09:24
that can never be taken away when they write
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那個自由在他們寫的時候, 是無人可以拿走的
09:29
and that is also useful to realize that freedom is possible
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了解自由的可能也是很有用的
09:32
even inside a prison,
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甚至在監獄裏,
09:34
and that the only bars we have in our wonderful space
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我們在這個美好的空間裏唯有的欄杆
09:40
is the word "bars,"
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就是「欄杆」這個字眼,
09:42
and that all of us in our hell burn with happiness
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當我們點著字詞的蕊心。
09:45
when we light the wick of the word.
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我們全體在我們的地獄裏被快樂所燃燒
09:49
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
(掌聲停止)
10:17
I told you a lot about the prison, a lot about what I experience
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我已告訴你們許多 我在監獄的經歷
10:23
every week, and how I enjoy it and transform myself with the inmates.
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每一週,我如何享受這個經歷, 如何與囚犯一起轉化自我。
10:28
But you don't know how much I'd like it
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但是你們無法知道我喜愛的程度
10:31
if you could feel, live, experience, even for a few seconds,
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如果你可以感覺到,如我過著,經驗著 即使是幾秒,
10:37
what I enjoy every week and what makes me who I am.
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我每週所享受的 和什麼造就了現在的我。
10:44
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
10:53
Martín Bustamante: The heart chews tears of time;
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馬丁‧佈斯塔曼特: 這個心咀嚼時間的眼淚;
10:57
blinded by that light,
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被亮光蒙蔽,
11:00
it hides the speed of existence
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它隱藏存在的速度
11:03
where the images go rowing by.
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那裏影像划著過去。
11:05
It fights; it hangs on.
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它搏鬥;它抓著不放。
11:08
The heart cracks under sad gazes,
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心在憂傷的凝視下破碎,
11:12
rides on storms that spread fire,
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乘坐著散發火焰的風暴。
11:16
lifts chests lowered by shame,
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挺起因羞愧而彎下的胸膛。
11:19
knows that it's not just reading and going on,
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知道不只是讀著而繼續,
11:22
it also wishes to see the infinite blue.
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它也期望見到無限的藍。
11:26
The heart sits down to think about things,
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心坐下來想事,
11:30
fights to avoid being ordinary,
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奮鬥以避免平凡,
11:32
tries to love without hurting,
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嘗試不傷害的去愛,
11:36
breathes the sun, giving courage to itself,
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吸入太陽, 給自己勇氣,
11:40
surrenders, travels toward reason.
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投降,朝向理性。
11:44
The heart fights among the swamps,
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心在沼澤中奮鬥,
11:47
skirts the edge of the underworld,
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位於地獄的邊緣,
11:50
falls exhausted, but won't give in to what's easy,
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耗盡而倒,但絕不向容易低頭。
11:55
while irregular steps of intoxication
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從沈醉的不穩的腳步
11:57
wake up,
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醒來,
11:59
wake the stillness.
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喚醒寂靜。
12:01
I'm Martín Bustamante,
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我是馬丁‧佈斯塔曼特,
12:03
I'm a prisoner in Unit 48 of San Martín,
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我是聖‧馬丁第48號感化院的囚犯,
12:07
today is my day of temporary release.
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今天是我暫時釋放的日子。
12:10
And for me, poetry and literature have changed my life.
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對我而言,詩和文學改變了我的生命。
12:13
Thank you very much!
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非常感謝你們!
12:14
Cristina Domenech: Thank you!
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謝謝
(掌聲)
12:16
(Applause)
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