Rogier van der Heide: Why light needs darkness

翻译人员: SHUMAN WEI 校对人员: Xu Jiang

这里有一句富于美感的箴言

There's a beautiful statement on the screen that says,

“氛围成于光，

"Light creates ambiance, light makes the feel of a space,

空间生于光，

建筑述诸于光。”

and light is also the expression of structure."

Well, that was not by me.

这不是我的句子

That was, of course, by Le Corbusier, the famous architect.

这是著名建筑师

勒·柯布西耶的名句。

And here you can see what he meant in one of his beautiful buildings --

这里你可以看出他要表达的意思

这是他所设计众多的美丽建筑之一——

the chapel Notre Dame Du Haut De Ronchamp --

法国朗香教堂。

where he creates this light that he could only make because there's also dark.

这种光照效果

是在对暗的利用中呈现出的。

这就是接下来18分钟演讲

And I think that is the quintessence of this 18-minute talk --

的重心所在了。

that there is no good lighting that is healthy and for our well-being

没有适当的暗

就无所谓健康和对人类有益

without proper darkness.

的照明。

So this is how we normally would light our offices.

我们办公室的照明一般都是这样的。

We have codes and standards that tell us that the lights should be so much Lux

按照惯常的标准大家会认为

照明就应该是这样奢侈、

and of great uniformity.

整齐划一的。

我们就用这种制式的灯与栅格板

This is how we create uniform lighting from one wall to the other

在墙与墙之间

制造出整齐的照明。

in a regular grid of lamps.

And that is quite different from what I just showed you

这种照明设计

与之前我为大家展示的勒·柯布西耶的设计

from Le Corbusier.

是大不相同的。

If we would apply these codes and standards

如果我们照这种惯例与标准

设计罗马万神殿的话

to the Pantheon in Rome,

it would never have looked like this,

神殿就不会像现在这个模样了。

because this beautiful light feature that goes around there all by itself

因为这样美丽的光的特写

随着时间自然的围绕着穹顶变换

是只有在同一建筑里暗的存托下

can only appear because there is also darkness in that same building.

才能显现出来的。

And the same is more or less what Santiago Calatrava said

这与设计师圣地亚哥·卡拉特拉瓦所说的

when he said, "Light: I make it in my buildings for comfort."

“照明，在我的设计中是用来享受的”

颇有些类似。

And he didn't mean the comfort of a five-course dinner

这里他所指的享受并非五道菜的正餐

as opposed to a one-course meal,

相对于一道菜便餐的享受，

but he really meant the comfort

他所指的是真正意义上

of the quality of the building for the people.

建筑的宜人设计带给人们的精神愉悦。

He meant that you can see the sky and that you can experience the sun.

他所指的是在这建筑里你可以看到天空

可以享受阳光。

And he created these gorgeous buildings where you can see the sky,

于是他设计了这些华丽的建筑

即使身在建筑里你也可以看到天空

and where you can experience the sun,

可以享受阳光。

that give us a better life in the built environment,

这样的建筑环境给予我们更多的享受

仅仅是因为他结合了光的

just because of the relevance of light in its brightness and also in its shadows.

明亮与阴影。

And what it all boils down to is, of course, the sun.

浓缩而成的，便是阳光。

这张太阳的图片所显示的

And this image of the Sun may suggest

是太阳可怕侵略的一面。

that the Sun is something evil and aggressive,

but we should not forget

但要记住这颗星球上的所有能源

that all energy on this planet actually comes from the Sun,

都来源于太阳。

and light is only a manifestation of that energy.

光不过是这种能源的

一种表达形式而已。

The sun is for dynamics, for color changes.

太阳是能动的，它主导明暗的变化

为我们的生存环境创造美，

The sun is for beauty in our environment,

正如这个建筑所展示的一样。

like in this building -- the High Museum in Atlanta,

这座位于亚特兰大的高等艺术博物馆

which has been created by Renzo Piano from Italy,

由来自意大利的伦佐·皮亚诺

与英国奥雅纳照明设计团队

together with Arup Lighting, a brilliant team of lighting designers,

合作设计而成。

who created a very subtle modulation of light across the space,

这个设计

利用在屋顶的众多开口

对应外界的阳光

responding to what the sun does outside,

从而形成在这个空间里

just because of all these beautiful openings in the roof.

对光线的微妙调控。

So in an indirect way, you can see the sun.

所以间接地

人们也能都感受到阳光。

And what they did is they created an integral building element

他们正是利用

这个关键的建筑元素

to improve the quality of the space that surrounds the visitors of the museum.

来提高游客对周围空间

的质感。

这里大家可以看到

They created this shade that you can see here,

他们设计了这种形状的挡板

which actually covers the sun,

正好可以遮住阳光

又不至于阻碍光线的进入。

but opens up to the good light from the sky.

接下来你们可以看到

And here you can see how they really crafted a beautiful design process

他们的整个设计进程

物理模具

with physical models,

with quantitative as well as qualitative methods,

结合定量、定性两种分析方法

to come to a final solution that is truly integrated

得出一个最终方案

与整个建筑形成完美的

and completely holistic with the architecture.

统一与结合。

They allowed themselves a few mistakes along the way.

设计的时候他们故意留下了一些不完美的地方。

As you can see here, there's some direct light on the floor,

大家可以看到，这里，有一些光线直射向地板，

但他们也可以立刻判断出这光束来自哪里。

but they could easily figure out where that comes from.

他们让这建筑里的人们

And they allow people in that building to really enjoy the sun,

真正的享受阳光，

享受太阳的好的一面。

the good part of the sun.

当然享受阳光

And enjoying the sun can be in many different ways, of course.

可以有很多种方式。

It can be just like this,

可以像这样，

or maybe like this, which is rather peculiar,

也可以像这样，虽然方式古怪了点，

but this is in 1963 --

这其实是1963年

美国人们观赏

the viewing of a sun eclipse in the United States.

一次日蚀的景象。

直视太阳的话会太刺眼，

And it's just a bit bright up there,

so these people have found a very intriguing solution.

所以人们想到了这个滑稽的方式。

This is, I think, a very illustrative image of what I try to say --

接下来我想为大家介绍这张图片

它展示了太阳的能动，

that the beautiful dynamics of sun, bringing these into the building,

投射进建筑的光线

提高了这些人造环境的质量

creates a quality of our built environment that truly enhances our lives.

让我们的生活更显美好。

And this is all about darkness

这是光线的功劳

也在同等程度上归功于阴暗。

as much as it is about lightness, of course,

因为没有阴暗的对比，你根本无法观察到这样的变化。

because otherwise you don't see these dynamics.

As opposed to the first office

这里我要向大家展示一间

that I showed you in the beginning of the talk,

和开始时那间完全不同的办公室，

this is a well-known office, which is the Weidt Group.

这间办公室颇有名气，该团队为自己取名叫“白色”，

They are in green energy consulting, or something like that.

从事绿色能源咨询或者类似业务。

And they really practice what they preach

他们确实无愧于自己的生意

because this office doesn't have any electric lighting at all.

这间办公室就没有使用一个人工照明。

It has only, on one side, this big, big glass window

它只在一边墙的位置

装上了巨大的玻璃窗，

that helps to let the sunlight enter deep into the space

屋外的阳光可以照到

整间办公室

and create a beautiful quality there and a great dynamic range.

提供高质量的照明同时富于明暗的变化。

So it can be very dim over there, and you do your work,

这样你工作的时候有时光线变得昏暗

and it can be very bright over there, and you do your work.

有时又变得明亮。

But actually, the human eye turns out to be remarkably adaptable

但是人类的眼睛

却能非常好地适应

to all these different light conditions that together create an environment

所有这些光线的明暗变化，

而正是这些明暗变化让整个工作环境

that is never boring and that is never dull,

不在死板无趣，

and therefore helps us to enhance our lives.

同时提高了我们的生活质量。

I really owe a short introduction of this man to you.

今天我一定要把这个人介绍给大家。

This is Richard Kelly who was born 100 years ago,

他叫理查德.凯利

出生于一百年前

which is the reason I bring him up now, because it's kind of an anniversary year.

这就是为什么现在我要把他提出来

因为今年是他的诞辰100周年。

In the 1930s, Richard Kelly was the first person to really describe

上世纪30年代，理查德.凯利第一个

正式提出

a methodology of modern lighting design.

现代照明设计的的理念。

And he coined three terms,

他提出了三个概念，

which are "focal glow," "ambient luminescence"

焦点光，

环境光，

and "play of the brilliants" --

以及华光。

three very distinctly different ideas about light in architecture

这三种光在建筑设计的概念中

差别很大，

that all together make up this beautiful experience.

正是这三种光一起

缔造了现代建筑带来的美妙体验。

So to begin with, focal glow.

我们先来看焦点光。

He meant something like this --

焦点光的概念是指

where the light gives direction to the space

可在空间里指明方位的光

and helps you to get around.

人们根据这种光找到自己想去的地方。

Or something like this,

或者是这种他自己为“通用”的车展会场

which is the lighting design he did for General Motors,

所做的光照设计。

for the car showroom.

你一走进会场，

And you enter that space,

and you feel like, "Wow! This is so impressive,"

就会想：“噢，这也太炫目了吧。”

just because of this focal point, this huge light source in the middle.

引发这种感觉的正是中间这巨大光源

形成的焦点光。

对我来说这有些像剧院，

To me, it is something from theater,

and I will get back to that a little bit later.

这个我会在稍后说明。

It's the spotlight on the artist that helps you to focus.

聚焦在演员身上的灯光

让观众的注意力集中于演员身上。

It could also be the sunlight that breaks through the clouds

焦点光也可以是穿过云层透射下的阳光

and lights up a patch of the land,

只照亮一小块土地。

highlighting it compared to the dim environment.

让其

在相对昏暗的环境中凸显出来。

Or it can be in today's retail, in the shopping environment --

或者像在今天的购物区，商家们

使用射灯照亮商品，

lighting the merchandise and creating accents that help you to get around.

制造出一种氛围促使你到处逛逛。

Ambient luminescence is something very different.

环境光是完全不同的另一种光。

Richard Kelly saw it as something infinite,

理查德.凯利把它看做一种存在于无限空间的，

something without any focus,

没有聚焦的光，

something where all details actually dissolve in infinity.

所有的细节

都溶在了这个无限的空间里面。

And I see it as a very comfortable kind of light that really helps us to relax

在我看来，这是一种很舒服的光，

可以让人放松，

引人沉思。

and to contemplate.

It could also be something like this:

它可以是这样的：

the National Museum of Science in London,

这是位于伦敦的英国国家科学博物馆。

where this blue is embracing all the exhibitions and galleries

无限的蓝色

将所有的展品和美术品

in one large gesture.

包容在一起。

And then finally,

最后轮到凯利的华光理念。

Kelly's play of brilliants added to that

香港的天际线是个绝佳的例子，

really some play, I think, of the skyline of Hong Kong,

or perhaps the chandelier in the opera house,

或者这个歌剧院的大吊灯。

or in the theater here,

又或者像我们这个剧院

which is the decoration, the icing on the cake, something playful,

这个吊灯用来装饰的部分

像是蛋糕上的糖衣，十分有趣

something that is just an addition to the architectural environment,

对整个建筑环境

起着修饰的作用。

I would say.

These three distinct elements, together,

这三种截然不同的概念

一起使整体的照明环境

make a lighting environment that helps us to feel better.

更适于我们的生活。

And we can only create these out of darkness.

而没有对暗的利用我们也无法创造出这些。

之后我会对这个进行进一步的解释。

And I will explain that further.

And I guess that is something that Richard Kelly, here on the left,

我想，理查德.凯利，左边的这位，在向

was explaining to Ludwig Mies van Der Rohe.

密斯·凡德罗解释的就是这个吧。

And behind them, you see that Seagram Building

他们身后的正是西格拉姆大厦，

后来正是这栋大厦

that later turned into an icon of modern lighting design.

成为现代照明设计的符号象征。

Those times, there were some early attempts

那个时候，也已经有人开始

对光照疗法进行早期尝试。

also for light therapy already.

You can see here a photo

这是美国国家医疗图书馆的一张照片，

from the United States Library of Medicine,

where people are put in the sun to get better.

病人们被安置在阳光下进行康复。

这种阳光的医疗作用

It's a little bit of a different story, this health aspect of light,

与今天我将向大家介绍的

than what I'm telling you today.

有些不同。

In today's modern medicine,

在今天的现代医疗领域

人们已经从一种类生化的视角

there is a real understanding of light in an almost biochemical way.

对光有了真正的认识。

And there is the idea that, when we look at things,

有一种说法是，

我们看东西的时候

黄光对我们最为有益，

it is the yellow light that helps us the most,

that we are the most sensitive for.

且肉眼最为敏感。

But our circadian rhythms,

但如果从我们的昼夜节律来讲，

这种节律提醒我们什么时候该醒来，什么时候该休息，

which are the rhythms that help us to wake and sleep

主导我们的警觉与放松诸如此类。

and be alert and relaxed and so forth and so on,

they are much more triggered by blue light.

但是这种节律却由蓝光主导。

And by modulating the amount of blue in our environment,

如果对我们环境中的蓝光

进行适当调控，

we can help people to relax, or to be alert,

就可以帮助人们放松或者调整到警惕状态，

帮助人们入睡或保持清醒。

to fall asleep, or to stay awake.

And that is how, maybe in the near future, light can help hospitals

现在我们能做的只有这些，

但也许在不久的将来，

医院可以通过控制照明

to make people better sooner, recover them quicker.

促使病人更快、

更好的康复。

Maybe in the airplane, we can overcome jet lag like that.

或许在飞机上

也可以应用这个来帮助人们调整时差。

Perhaps in school, we can help children to learn better

学校里也可以通过这个来提高孩子的课堂注意力

改善孩子们的学习状况。

because they concentrate more on their work.

And you can imagine a lot more applications.

大家还可以举出更多的例子。

But I would like to talk further

但是接下来我还想继续讨论

about the combination of light and darkness

光与暗

的统一

对我们生活质量的影响。

as a quality in our life.

So light is, of course, for social interaction also --

毋庸置疑，在社会互动里也是一样，照明

编织着我们与

to create relationships with all the features around us.

周围一切的关系。

It is the place where we gather around

它是我们想相互倾诉时，

when we have to say something to each other.

我们会聚在一起的地方。

And it is all about this planet.

它是这颗星球。

But when you look at this planet at night,

当你在夜晚观察这颗星球，它就是这个样子。

it looks like this.

我觉得这是我今天的演讲里

And I think this is the most shocking image in my talk today.

最让人震惊的一张图片。

Because all this light here goes up to the sky.

因为，这些光照

其实全部都向外照射到天空。

It never reaches the ground where it was meant for.

它们根本就不像人们设想的那样

照向地面。

It never is to the benefit of people.

这些照明并没有为人类所用。

It only spoils the darkness.

它们只不过是毁坏了黑夜的美丽。

So at a global scale, it looks like this.

从全球来看，图像变成了这样。

And, I mean, that is quite amazing, what you see here --

这是相当令人讶然的情况，你们从这里可以看到

how much light goes up into the sky and never reaches the ground.

有多少光径直射向了天空

根本没有到达过地面。

Because if we look at the Earth the way it should be,

如果没有这些人为滥用的灯光，还地球本来面貌，

it would be something like this very inspiring image

那么我们看到的地球应该是这样一副让人震撼的图画，

where darkness is for our imagination and for contemplation

这里黑暗能够启发我们的想象力，

促使我们冥想，

and to help us to relate to everything.

启迪我们与万物之间的联系。

然而这世界已经变了，

The world is changing though,

and urbanization is a big driver of everything.

而城市化正是一切变化的幕后推手。

这张照片是两周前我在广州拍摄的，

I took this photo two weeks ago in Guangzhou,

and I realized that 10 years ago,

10年前的广州，

there was nothing like this, of these buildings.

完全没有一点这些建筑的影子。

It was just a much smaller city,

那时候它只是一个小城市，

它城市化的速度

and the pace of urbanization is incredible and enormous.

真是让人叹为观止。

And we have to understand these main questions:

我们不禁要开始考虑这些问题：

How do people move through these new urban spaces?

人们是用什么样的方式穿行于这许多新兴的城市区域呢？

人们怎样共享彼此的文化呢？

How do they share their culture?

How do we tackle things like mobility?

流动人口的问题又是如何解决的呢？

在这里照片能帮到人们什么呢？

And how can light help there?

新兴的照明技术

Because the new technologies,

they seem to be in a really interesting position

似乎将照明应用在

to contribute to the solutions of urbanization

解决城市化问题与提供更加宜居环境上

置于了一个尴尬的位置。

and to provide us with better environments.

尚在不久之前，

It's not that long ago

that our lighting was just done with these kinds of lamps.

我们仍在使用这种灯泡

进行照明。

And of course, we had the metal-halide lamps

当然，我们也有复金属灯与荧光灯

and fluorescent lamps and things like that.

或者类似的东西。

Now we have LED,

现在我们有LED（发光二极管）灯

but here you see the latest one, and you see how incredibly small it is.

这里你们可以看到最新的一款，

体积非常小。

And this is exactly what offers us a unique opportunity,

这种灯给了我们现在一个独一无二的机会，

因为这个极小的体积

because this tiny, tiny size allows us

我们完全可以把它带在身边，需要的时候拿出来

to put the light wherever we really need it.

And we can actually leave it out where it's not needed at all

不需要的时候就关掉

以保证对黑暗的需求。

and where we can preserve darkness.

我觉得这是一个非常不错的提议。

So that is a really interesting proposition, I think,

and a new way of lighting the architectural environment

它同时也提供了一种新的健康的

建筑照明方式。

with our well-being in mind.

The problem is, though, that I wanted to explain to you how this really works --

现在我想向大家展示一下LED是如何工作的，

但是它体积太小，我的小指上都能放下四个LED，

but I can have four of these on my finger,

这样你们也没办法看清楚。

so you would not be able to really see them.

So I asked our laboratory to do something about it,

所以我拜托我的研究室想想办法，

然后他们说：“没问题， 我们可以做些改进。”

and they said, "Well, we can do something."

于是他们为我，也特别为本次TEDx阿姆斯特丹演讲

They created for me the biggest LED in the world

especially for TEDx in Amsterdam.

制造了一个世界上最大的LED灯管。

So here it is.

就是这个。

It's the same thing as you can see over there --

这和屏幕上显示的是同一个东西——不过是放大了200倍。

just 200 times bigger.

现在我向大家快速地解释一下

And I will very quickly show you how it works.

So just to explain.

它的工作原理。

Now, every LED that is made these days gives blue light.

现在的LED发出的都是

蓝光。

Now, this is not very pleasant and comfortable.

就现在这个样子看的话会让人有些不适。

所以

And for that reason, we cover the LED with a phosphor cap.

我们要在LED外面

加盖一个磷帽子

And the phosphor is excited by the blue

磷被蓝光照射而活跃

and makes the light white and warm and pleasant.

最终使光变成温暖柔和的白光。

And then when you add the lens to that,

然后在上面加上一块透镜片，

you can bundle the light and send it wherever you need it

就可以将光聚在一起照射到理想的地方，

without any need to spill any light to the sky or anywhere else.

避免光浪费找到

天空或者其他什么地方了。

So you can preserve the darkness and make the light.

这样既可以照明也不至于破坏应有的黑暗。

I just wanted to show that to you so you understand how this works.

我只是想在你们面前演示一遍

这样你们就能明白它的工作原理了。

(Applause)

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

我们继续刚才的话题。

We can go further.

So we have to rethink the way we light our cities.

是时候该检讨我们城市照明的方式了。

We have to think again about light as a default solution.

我们应该重新考虑

是否该将照明作为一种城市的默认状态。

为什么高速公路上要通宵照明？

Why are all these motorways permanently lit?

真的需要吗？

Is it really needed?

Can we maybe be much more selective

照明是不是应该有选择性

and create better environments that also benefit from darkness?

以便我们能从黑暗中受益得到更宜居的环境？

我们是否应在照明上有所节制了？

Can we be much more gentle with light?

比如说像这样——这已经是一种相对低耗能状态了。

Like here -- this is a very low light level actually.

我们能不能号召到更多的人们

Can we engage people more in the lighting projects that we create,

参与到我们这个节能照明计划中来，

so they really want to connect with it, like here?

这样他们也能像这样更好地融入整个照明环境？

Or can we create simply sculptures

或者我们能不能单纯地设计出这样的雕塑般的建筑

that are very inspiring to be in and to be around?

无论从里面还是外面都是美的享受？

And can we preserve the darkness?

我们能够保护黑暗不受照明的侵蚀吗？

Because to find a place like this today on Earth

因为要在现今的地球找到这样一个地方

is really very, very challenging.

已经是非常不容易。

And to find a starry sky like this is even more difficult.

找到这样的星空更是难上加难。

即便是在海上，大规模的照明

Even in the oceans, we are creating a lot of light

也大大影响了

that we could actually ban

also for animal life to have a much greater well-being.

野生动物的健康生活。

比如说，众所周知的，鸟类在迁徙的时候

And it's known that migrating birds, for example, get very disoriented

会因为这些海上平台的照明设施的干扰

because of these offshore platforms.

而迷路。

And we discovered that when we make those lights green,

而且我们发现，如果我们将这些照明的灯光变为绿色，

这些鸟儿在飞行时就不会收到干扰，

the birds, they actually go the right way.

也不会迷路。

They are not disturbed anymore.

And it turns out once again

由此亦可见

that spectral sensitivity is very important here.

分光敏度的

重要性。

从这所有的例子中，我以为

In all of these examples, I think,

we should start making the light out of darkness,

我们要开始利用暗反衬出明，

and use the darkness as a canvas -- like the visual artists do,

将黑暗作为一张画布——

正如视觉艺术家

like Edward Hopper in this painting.

比如爱德华·霍珀在这幅画里的表现手法一样。

I think that there is a lot of suspense in this painting.

这幅画里有狠多留白，

I think, when I see it, I start to think, who are those people?

当我看到这幅画的时候，

就会去想，这都是些什么人呢？

Where have they come from? Where are they going?

他们从哪儿来，又到哪儿去？

刚刚发生了什么事情？5分钟后又会发生什么事情？

What just happened?

What will be happening in the next five minutes?

正是由于画家对光与暗的合理利用

And it only embodies all these stories and all this suspense

才使这画能容纳下这所有的故事与留白。

because of the darkness and the light.

爱德华·霍珀对光与暗的熟稔运用

Edward Hopper was a real master

使他不愧为一位真正的

in creating the narration by working with light and dark.

叙事大师。

And we can learn from that

我们可以从中学习

and create more interesting and inspiring architectural environments.

并创造出更多有趣而震撼人心的建筑。

We can do that in commercial spaces like this.

我们可以将一个娱乐场所做这样的设计

And you can still also go outside

而你也可以走出户外

享受宇宙演出的最华丽的乐章，

and enjoy the greatest show in the universe,

即宇宙本身。

which is, of course, the universe itself.

So I give you this wonderful, informative image of the sky,

这是一组很有意思的星空图，

它们里面包含了很多东西。

ranging from the inner city,

从市中心观察天空，

where you may see one or two stars and nothing else,

只能看到一两颗星星甚至什么都看不到。

往偏远郊区去，

all the way to the rural environments,

也就能欣赏到

where you can enjoy this great and gorgeous and beautiful performance

美丽壮观的

of the constellations and the stars.

灿烂星河。

对于建筑来说也是一样的道理。

In architecture, it works just the same.

By appreciating the darkness when you design the light,

如果在设计照明的时候加入对暗元素的欣赏

设计出的环境就更生动有趣

you create much more interesting environments

that truly enhance our lives.

我们的生活也会得益于此。

This is the most well-known example, Tadao Ando's Church of the Light.

接下来是个非常著名的例子，

安藤忠雄设计的光之教堂。

But I also think of Peter Zumthor's spa in Vals,

同时让我想起了

彼得·祖索尔设计的瑞士瓦尔斯热澡堂

where light and dark, in very gentle combinations,

光与暗柔和的相映成趣

alter each other to define the space.

互相的变化构架起整个空间。

Or Richard MacCormac's Southwark tube station in London,

还有理查德.麦科马克所设计的伦敦南部地铁站

那里你虽然身处地下

where you can really see the sky, even though you are under the ground.

却仍然能看到天空。

And finally, I want to point out

最后我想说的事

that a lot of this inspiration comes from theater.

我这里许多的灵感都是来自这家剧院

And I think it's fantastic that we are today experiencing TEDx

我真的非常开心今天大家能够第一次在这家剧院齐聚一堂，

in a theater for the first time

共同体验TEDx演讲。

because I think we really owe to the theater a big thanks.

我想我们都应该向这家剧院道一声谢。

It wouldn't be such an inspiring scenography

如果不是这家剧院

今天的众多图例展示不会有这么震撼的效果。

without this theater.

And I think the theater is a place where we truly enhance life with light.

我以为，这家剧院是一个

可以真正利用照明来提高我们的生活质量的地方。

谢谢大家。

Thank you very much.

(Applause)

（掌声）