Rogier van der Heide: Why light needs darkness

51,662 views ใƒป 2011-03-21

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shahar Kaiser ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
ื™ืฉื ื• ืžืฉืคื˜ ื™ืคื™ืคื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš
00:16
There's a beautiful statement on the screen that says,
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ืฉืื•ืžืจ, "ืื•ืจ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื•ื•ื™ืจื”,
00:19
"Light creates ambiance, light makes the feel of a space,
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ืื•ืจ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ,
ื•ืื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžื‘ืขื• ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื ื”".
00:25
and light is also the expression of structure."
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00:28
Well, that was not by me.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืœื ืืžื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™.
00:30
That was, of course, by Le Corbusier, the famous architect.
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ื”ื™ื” ื–ื”, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืœื” ืงื•ืจื‘ื•ื–ื™ื”,
ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื.
00:34
And here you can see what he meant in one of his beautiful buildings --
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชื›ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ
ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื• ื”ื™ืคื™ื --
00:39
the chapel Notre Dame Du Haut De Ronchamp --
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ื›ื ืกื™ื™ืช ื›ื ืกื™ื™ืช ื ื•ื˜ืจื“ืื ื“ื™ ืื• ืจื•ื ืฉืืŸ --
00:43
where he creates this light that he could only make because there's also dark.
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ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ
ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืจืง ื›ื™ ื™ืฉื ื” ื’ื ืืคืœื”.
ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื”ื• ืœื™ื‘ื”
00:49
And I think that is the quintessence of this 18-minute talk --
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ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฆืื” ื–ื• - ื‘ืช ืฉืžื•ื ื”-ืขืฉืจื” ื”ื“ืงื•ืช -
00:54
that there is no good lighting that is healthy and for our well-being
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ืฉืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืชืื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”
ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•
01:00
without proper darkness.
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ืœืœื ืืคืœื” ืžืชืื™ืžื”.
01:04
So this is how we normally would light our offices.
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ืื ื›ืŸ, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืœืจื•ื‘ ื ืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
01:07
We have codes and standards that tell us that the lights should be so much Lux
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื
ืฉืžื ื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืฉืขืœ ื”ืชืื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ืœื•ืงืก (ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื” ืื•ืจื™ืช) ืžืกื•ื™ื.
01:12
and of great uniformity.
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ื•ื‘ืขืœืช ืื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
ื›ืš ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืชืื•ืจื” ืื—ื™ื“ื”
01:15
This is how we create uniform lighting from one wall to the other
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ืžืงื™ืจ ืื—ื“ ืœืžืฉื ื”ื•
ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืจืฉืช ืฉืจื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื•ืจื•ืช.
01:20
in a regular grid of lamps.
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01:22
And that is quite different from what I just showed you
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ื•ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื“
ืžืžื” ืฉืขืชื” ื”ืจืื™ืชื™ ืœื›ื
01:26
from Le Corbusier.
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ืืฆืœ ืœื” ืงื•ืจื‘ื•ื–ื™ื”.
01:28
If we would apply these codes and standards
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ืื ื ื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื
ืืœ ื”ืคื ืชืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืžื,
01:31
to the Pantheon in Rome,
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01:32
it would never have looked like this,
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ื”ื•ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืจืื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื
01:34
because this beautiful light feature that goes around there all by itself
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืชื•ื•ื™ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื”
ืฉื ืขื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืขืฆืžื
ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช
01:40
can only appear because there is also darkness in that same building.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ืืคืœื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
01:44
And the same is more or less what Santiago Calatrava said
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ, ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืกื ื˜ื™ืื’ื• ืงืœื˜ืจื•ื•ื”
01:48
when he said, "Light: I make it in my buildings for comfort."
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืืžืจ: "ืื•ืจ, ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื™
ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช".
01:53
And he didn't mean the comfort of a five-course dinner
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจื•ื—ืช 5 ืžื ื•ืช
01:56
as opposed to a one-course meal,
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ืœืขื•ืžืช ืืจื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžื ื” ืื—ืช,
01:58
but he really meant the comfort
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ืืœื ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ื•ื—ื•ืช
02:00
of the quality of the building for the people.
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ืฉืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื.
02:03
He meant that you can see the sky and that you can experience the sun.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืš ืฉื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชืš ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจืงื™ืข
ื•ืฉื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชืš ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ.
02:08
And he created these gorgeous buildings where you can see the sky,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
ื‘ื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื,
02:13
and where you can experience the sun,
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ื•ื‘ื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ,
02:15
that give us a better life in the built environment,
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ื•ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืœื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื,
ืจืง ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืจ
02:19
just because of the relevance of light in its brightness and also in its shadows.
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ื‘ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืชื• ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฆืœืœื™ื ืฉืœื•.
02:25
And what it all boils down to is, of course, the sun.
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ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ, ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืืœ ื”ืฉืžืฉ.
ื•ืชืžื•ื ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืจืžื–
02:29
And this image of the Sun may suggest
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ืฉื”ืฉืžืฉ ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืจื•ืฉืข ื•ืืœื™ื.
02:32
that the Sun is something evil and aggressive,
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02:34
but we should not forget
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ืืš ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื–ื”
02:35
that all energy on this planet actually comes from the Sun,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžืฉ.
02:39
and light is only a manifestation of that energy.
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ื•ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™
ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
02:44
The sun is for dynamics, for color changes.
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ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ืชื ื•ืขืชื™ื•ืช, ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื,
ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
02:48
The sun is for beauty in our environment,
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ื›ืžื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” --
02:51
like in this building -- the High Museum in Atlanta,
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"ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™", ื‘ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื”,
02:54
which has been created by Renzo Piano from Italy,
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ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืจื ืฆื• ืคื™ืื ื• ืžืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”,
ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืขื ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช Arup,
02:57
together with Arup Lighting, a brilliant team of lighting designers,
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ ืชืื•ืจื”,
03:01
who created a very subtle modulation of light across the space,
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ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆืจื•
ื•ื™ืกื•ืช ืžืขื•ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ
ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ืœืœ,
03:08
responding to what the sun does outside,
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ื”ืžื’ื™ื‘ ืืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืฉืžืฉ ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ,
03:10
just because of all these beautiful openings in the roof.
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ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืคืชื—ื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืชืงืจื”.
03:13
So in an indirect way, you can see the sun.
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงื™ืฃ,
ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชืš ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ.
03:17
And what they did is they created an integral building element
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขืฉื•
ื–ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืœืžื ื˜ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืœื™
03:21
to improve the quality of the space that surrounds the visitors of the museum.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ
ืฉืžืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ.
ื”ื ื™ืฆืจื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืœืœื” ื”ื–ื•
03:27
They created this shade that you can see here,
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ืฉื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชื›ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืืŸ,
03:30
which actually covers the sun,
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืกื•ื›ื›ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ,
ืืš ื ืคืชื—ืช ืืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื”ืจืงื™ืข.
03:34
but opens up to the good light from the sky.
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช
03:37
And here you can see how they really crafted a beautiful design process
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ื‘ื ื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื™ืคื™ืคื”
ืขื ื“ื’ืžื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืืœื™ื™ื
03:41
with physical models,
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03:42
with quantitative as well as qualitative methods,
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ืขื ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื›ืžื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืชื ื™ื•ืช,
03:45
to come to a final solution that is truly integrated
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜
ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ
03:49
and completely holistic with the architecture.
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ืขื ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”.
03:52
They allowed themselves a few mistakes along the way.
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ื”ื ื”ืจืฉื• ืœืขืฆืžื ืžืกืคืจ ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื“ืจืš.
03:54
As you can see here, there's some direct light on the floor,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืืŸ, ื™ืฉื ื ืžืกืคืจ ืืœื•ืžื•ืช ืื•ืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื”,
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช.
03:57
but they could easily figure out where that comes from.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ืžื‘ื ื”
04:00
And they allow people in that building to really enjoy the sun,
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ืžืžืฉ ืœื”ื ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžืฉ,
ื—ืœืงื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืฉ.
04:06
the good part of the sun.
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ื•ื”ื ืื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžืฉ
04:08
And enjoying the sun can be in many different ways, of course.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
04:12
It can be just like this,
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ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื›ืืŸ,
04:14
or maybe like this, which is rather peculiar,
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ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ื›ืžื• ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ืžืขื˜ ืžืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื”,
04:17
but this is in 1963 --
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ืืš ื–ื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉ 1963 -
ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ื—ืžื”
04:20
the viewing of a sun eclipse in the United States.
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ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืฉื ืœืžืขืœื”,
04:24
And it's just a bit bright up there,
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04:26
so these people have found a very intriguing solution.
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ืื– ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืฆืื• ืœื›ืš ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
04:30
This is, I think, a very illustrative image of what I try to say --
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ื–ื•, ืœื“ืขืชื™, ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืžื“ื’ื™ืžื” ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื•ืžืจ --
ืฉื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ื”ื™ืคื™ืคื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืฉ,
04:33
that the beautiful dynamics of sun, bringing these into the building,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื‘ื ื”,
ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
04:38
creates a quality of our built environment that truly enhances our lives.
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ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
04:42
And this is all about darkness
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืืคืœื”
ืžืžืฉ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
04:45
as much as it is about lightness, of course,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื—ืจืช, ืื™ื ื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื”.
04:47
because otherwise you don't see these dynamics.
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04:49
As opposed to the first office
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ื•ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืจืื™ืชื™ ืœื›ื
04:51
that I showed you in the beginning of the talk,
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ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
04:54
this is a well-known office, which is the Weidt Group.
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืคื•ืจืกื, ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช White Group.
04:57
They are in green energy consulting, or something like that.
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ื”ื ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื™ืขื•ืฅ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื™ืจื•ืงื”, ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ.
05:00
And they really practice what they preach
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื”ื, ื‘ืืžืช, ื ืื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื ืื” ืžืงื™ื™ื,
05:02
because this office doesn't have any electric lighting at all.
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ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืชืื•ืจื” ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช ื›ืœืœ.
05:05
It has only, on one side, this big, big glass window
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ื™ืฉ ืจืง ื‘ืฆื“ ืื—ื“
ืืช ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื”ืขื ืง ื”ื–ื”
05:09
that helps to let the sunlight enter deep into the space
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืช ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืœื”ื›ื ืก
ืขืžื•ืง ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ืœืœ
05:13
and create a beautiful quality there and a great dynamic range.
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ื•ื›ืš ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื™ืคื™ืคื™ื” ื•ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื“ื™ื ืืžื™ ืจื—ื‘.
05:16
So it can be very dim over there, and you do your work,
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื“ ืžืขื•ืžืขืžื, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“,
05:19
and it can be very bright over there, and you do your work.
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ืื• ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื“ ื‘ื•ื”ืง, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.
05:22
But actually, the human eye turns out to be remarkably adaptable
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ื›ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
ื”ืชื’ืœืชื” ื›ืžืกืชื’ืœืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘
05:26
to all these different light conditions that together create an environment
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ืœื›ืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืชืื•ืจื” ื”ืืœื”
ืฉื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
05:30
that is never boring and that is never dull,
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ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื ื” ืžืฉืขืžืžืช ืื• ืงื•ื“ืจืช,
05:32
and therefore helps us to enhance our lives.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ื• ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
05:36
I really owe a short introduction of this man to you.
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ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื›ื ื”ืฆื’ื” ืงืฆืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื–ื”.
05:39
This is Richard Kelly who was born 100 years ago,
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ื–ื”ื• ืจื™ืฆ'ืืจื“ ืงืœื™
ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืœืคื ื™ 100 ืฉื ื™ื,
05:43
which is the reason I bring him up now, because it's kind of an anniversary year.
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ืฉื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื-ืฉื ื”.
05:47
In the 1930s, Richard Kelly was the first person to really describe
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื, ืจื™ืฆ'ืืจื“ ืงืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืชืืจ
05:52
a methodology of modern lighting design.
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ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืชืื•ืจื” ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™.
05:54
And he coined three terms,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื
05:56
which are "focal glow," "ambient luminescence"
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ืฉื”ื "ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ื™"
"ื ื”ื•ืจื ื•ืช ืขื•ื˜ืคืช"
06:00
and "play of the brilliants" --
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ื•-"ืžืฉื—ืง ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื”ืง"
06:02
three very distinctly different ideas about light in architecture
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื‘ื—ื ื™ื
ืขืœ ืชืื•ืจื” ื‘ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช
06:06
that all together make up this beautiful experience.
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ื›ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•
ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื™ืคื™ืคื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
06:10
So to begin with, focal glow.
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ืื– ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ื™.
06:12
He meant something like this --
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ื–ื” -
06:13
where the light gives direction to the space
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืจ ืžืขื ื™ืง ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืœืœ
06:16
and helps you to get around.
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ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืš ืœื”ืชืžืฆื ื‘ื•.
06:18
Or something like this,
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ืื•, ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื” - ื–ื”ื• ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืชืื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฉื”
06:19
which is the lighting design he did for General Motors,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’'ื ืจืœ ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจืก, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืœื ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
06:22
for the car showroom.
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ื•ืืชื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื—ืœืœ ื”ื–ื”,
06:23
And you enter that space,
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06:24
and you feel like, "Wow! This is so impressive,"
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ื•ืืชื” ื—ืฉื™ื: "ื•ื•ืื•! ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืจืฉื™ื".
06:27
just because of this focal point, this huge light source in the middle.
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ืจืง ื‘ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ ื”ื–ื•,
ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืขื ืงื™ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื–.
ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™ ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืืฉืจ ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืชืื˜ืจื•ืŸ,
06:32
To me, it is something from theater,
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06:33
and I will get back to that a little bit later.
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ื•ืื’ืข ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:35
It's the spotlight on the artist that helps you to focus.
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ื–ื” ื”ื–ืจืงื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืืžืŸ
ืฉืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื›ื ืœื”ืชืžืงื“.
06:39
It could also be the sunlight that breaks through the clouds
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื›ืื•ืจ ื”ื ืฉื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ
06:42
and lights up a patch of the land,
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ื•ืžืื™ืจ ืืช ืคื™ืกืช ื”ืื“ืžื”,
06:45
highlighting it compared to the dim environment.
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ืžื‘ืœื™ื˜ ืื•ืชื”
ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืขืžื•ื.
06:50
Or it can be in today's retail, in the shopping environment --
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ืื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื–ืืช ื’ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงืžืขื•ื ืื•ืช, ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืช --
ืžืื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื”
06:54
lighting the merchandise and creating accents that help you to get around.
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ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœื›ื ืœื”ืชืžืฆื ืกื‘ื™ื‘.
06:58
Ambient luminescence is something very different.
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ื ื”ื•ืจื ื•ืช ืขื•ื˜ืคืช ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
07:01
Richard Kelly saw it as something infinite,
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ืจื™ืฆ'ืืจื“ ืงืœื™ ืจืื” ื‘ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™,
07:04
something without any focus,
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื—ืฃ ืžื›ืœ ืžื™ืงื•ื“,
07:06
something where all details actually dissolve in infinity.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื
ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืชืžื•ืกืกื™ื ืืœ ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืฃ.
07:11
And I see it as a very comfortable kind of light that really helps us to relax
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืื•ืจ ื ืขื™ื ื•ื ื•ื— ืฉื›ื–ื”
ืฉืžืžืฉ ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื
ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘.
07:17
and to contemplate.
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07:18
It could also be something like this:
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”:
07:20
the National Museum of Science in London,
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ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœืžื“ืข ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ,
07:22
where this blue is embracing all the exhibitions and galleries
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ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื”
ืขื•ื˜ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ืœืจื™ื•ืช
07:27
in one large gesture.
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ื‘ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ืื—ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
07:30
And then finally,
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื’ื™ืฉืช ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื‘ื•ื”ืง ืฉืœ ืงืœื™.
07:31
Kelly's play of brilliants added to that
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ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ืฉืœ ืงื• ื”ืจืงื™ืข ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ ืงื•ื ื’,
07:34
really some play, I think, of the skyline of Hong Kong,
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07:37
or perhaps the chandelier in the opera house,
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ืื• ืื•ืœื™, ื”ื ื‘ืจืฉืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคืจื”,
07:39
or in the theater here,
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ืื• ื‘ืื•ืœื ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืคื”,
07:41
which is the decoration, the icing on the cake, something playful,
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜,
ื”ืงืฆืคืช ืฉืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื’ื”, ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืฉื—ืงื™,
07:45
something that is just an addition to the architectural environment,
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืชื•ืกืคืช
ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ.
07:49
I would say.
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07:50
These three distinct elements, together,
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ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ืืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืชืื•ืจื”
07:53
make a lighting environment that helps us to feel better.
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ืฉืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื ื• ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:56
And we can only create these out of darkness.
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ื•ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ืจืง ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืืคืœื”.
ื•ืืจื—ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืขื•ื“.
07:59
And I will explain that further.
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08:00
And I guess that is something that Richard Kelly, here on the left,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืจื™ืฆ'ืืจื“ ืงืœื™, ื›ืืŸ ืžืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ,
08:03
was explaining to Ludwig Mies van Der Rohe.
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ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืœื•ื“ื•ื•ื™ื’ ืžื™ืก ื•ืŸ ื“ืจ ืจื•ื”ื”.
08:06
And behind them, you see that Seagram Building
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ื•ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื”ื, ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ื’ืจืื
ืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
08:09
that later turned into an icon of modern lighting design.
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ืกืžืœ ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืชืื•ืจื” ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช.
08:14
Those times, there were some early attempts
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขืช, ื”ื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื
ืœืจื™ืคื•ื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื•ืจ.
08:17
also for light therapy already.
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08:18
You can see here a photo
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
08:19
from the United States Library of Medicine,
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08:21
where people are put in the sun to get better.
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ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืžื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื–ื”ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืขื˜ ืฉื•ื ื”,
08:25
It's a little bit of a different story, this health aspect of light,
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ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ,
08:28
than what I'm telling you today.
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ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
08:30
In today's modern medicine,
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™,
ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืจ
08:33
there is a real understanding of light in an almost biochemical way.
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื›ื™ืžื™.
08:38
And there is the idea that, when we look at things,
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ื•ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ืชืคื™ืกื”
ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
08:43
it is the yellow light that helps us the most,
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08:45
that we are the most sensitive for.
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ืฉืื ื• ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืœื™ื•.
08:47
But our circadian rhythms,
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ืืš ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืžืžื” ืฉืœื ื•,
ืฉืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื ื• ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื” ื•ืขื™ืจื•ืช
08:50
which are the rhythms that help us to wake and sleep
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ื•ื”ื™ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื“ืจื•ื›ื™ื ืื• ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื; ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื”,
08:52
and be alert and relaxed and so forth and so on,
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08:54
they are much more triggered by blue light.
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ื›ืœ ืืœื• ืžื•ืคืขืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืจ ื›ื—ื•ืœ.
08:57
And by modulating the amount of blue in our environment,
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ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื•ื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ
ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœื ื•,
09:01
we can help people to relax, or to be alert,
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ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ืข, ืื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ืจื•ื›ื™ื,
ืœื”ืจื“ื, ืื• ืœื”ืฉืืจ ืขื™ืจื ื™ื™ื.
09:05
to fall asleep, or to stay awake.
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09:07
And that is how, maybe in the near future, light can help hospitals
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš,
ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘,
ืื•ืจ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื
09:13
to make people better sooner, recover them quicker.
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ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืคื ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
ืœืื•ืฉืฉ ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:18
Maybe in the airplane, we can overcome jet lag like that.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก,
ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ืขืคืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื–ื•.
09:22
Perhaps in school, we can help children to learn better
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ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืจื›ื– ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืœืžื™ื“ื”.
09:26
because they concentrate more on their work.
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09:28
And you can imagine a lot more applications.
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ื•ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
09:30
But I would like to talk further
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ืืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘
09:32
about the combination of light and darkness
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ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘
ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ ื•ืืคืœื”
ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
09:38
as a quality in our life.
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09:41
So light is, of course, for social interaction also --
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ืื– ื”ืื•ืจ, ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื, ืžืฉืžืฉ ื’ื ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช -
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื
09:45
to create relationships with all the features around us.
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ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•.
09:48
It is the place where we gather around
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืื ื• ื ืืกืคื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘
09:51
when we have to say something to each other.
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ื›ืฉื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื” ื–ื” ืœื–ื”.
09:53
And it is all about this planet.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ื’ื ืœื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื–ื”.
09:55
But when you look at this planet at night,
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ืืš ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื›ืš.
09:58
it looks like this.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:59
And I think this is the most shocking image in my talk today.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื•ื.
10:02
Because all this light here goes up to the sky.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”
ืขื•ืœื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืืœ ื”ืจืงื™ืข.
10:06
It never reaches the ground where it was meant for.
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ื”ื•ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืžื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข
ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”.
10:10
It never is to the benefit of people.
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ื–ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืžืฉืจืช ืืช ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื.
10:12
It only spoils the darkness.
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ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื‘ื•ื–ื– ืžื”ืืคืœื”.
10:14
So at a global scale, it looks like this.
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ื›ืš, ืฉื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืืœื™, ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื›ืš.
10:17
And, I mean, that is quite amazing, what you see here --
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ -
10:20
how much light goes up into the sky and never reaches the ground.
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ื›ืžื” ืื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื
ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืžื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข.
10:25
Because if we look at the Earth the way it should be,
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื•,
10:28
it would be something like this very inspiring image
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ื”ื•ื ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ื”ื”ืฉืจืื” ื”ื–ื•
10:31
where darkness is for our imagination and for contemplation
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ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืืคืœื” ืžืฉืจืชืช ืืช ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•
ื•ืืช ื”ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
10:35
and to help us to relate to everything.
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ื•ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ื›ืœ.
ื•ืื•ืœื, ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื”,
10:39
The world is changing though,
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10:40
and urbanization is a big driver of everything.
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ื•ืขื™ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื ื™ืข ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื.
ืฆื™ืœืžืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืื ื’ื’'ื•ืื• (ืกื™ืŸ),
10:43
I took this photo two weeks ago in Guangzhou,
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10:45
and I realized that 10 years ago,
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ื•ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืœืคื ื™ 10 ืฉื ื™ื,
10:47
there was nothing like this, of these buildings.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ืจืื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืืœื”.
10:51
It was just a much smaller city,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื–ื• ืขื™ืจ ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”,
ื•ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืขื™ื•ืจ
10:54
and the pace of urbanization is incredible and enormous.
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ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ื™ืจ ื•ืขืฆื•ื.
10:57
And we have to understand these main questions:
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ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•:
11:00
How do people move through these new urban spaces?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืขื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืืœื” ืฉื‘ืขืจื™ื?
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื?
11:04
How do they share their culture?
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11:05
How do we tackle things like mobility?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื• ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ืžื• ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช?
ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื”?
11:08
And how can light help there?
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช,
11:10
Because the new technologies,
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11:11
they seem to be in a really interesting position
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ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืŸ ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื ืžืื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
11:14
to contribute to the solutions of urbanization
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ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืชืจื•ืžื” ืœืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื•ืจ
ื•ืœืกืคืง ืœื ื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:18
and to provide us with better environments.
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ืขื“ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื ืจื‘
11:21
It's not that long ago
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11:22
that our lighting was just done with these kinds of lamps.
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ื”ืชืื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื ืขืฉืชื”
ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ืืœื”.
11:26
And of course, we had the metal-halide lamps
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื’ืŸ ื•ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืคืœื•ืจืกื ื˜
11:28
and fluorescent lamps and things like that.
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ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื.
11:30
Now we have LED,
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ื›ืขืช ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• LED (ื“ื™ื•ื“ื” ืคื•ืœื˜ืช ืื•ืจ),
11:32
but here you see the latest one, and you see how incredibly small it is.
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ืืš ื”ื ื” ืœืคื ื™ื›ื ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™,
ื•ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืžื” ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื•ื.
11:36
And this is exactly what offers us a unique opportunity,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช,
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื–ืขื™ืจ ื”ื–ื”
11:40
because this tiny, tiny size allows us
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ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืฉื™ื ืื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:43
to put the light wherever we really need it.
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11:45
And we can actually leave it out where it's not needed at all
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืฆื•ืจืš
ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื›ื”.
11:48
and where we can preserve darkness.
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ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืฆืขื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืžืื“, ืœื“ื™ื“ื™,
11:50
So that is a really interesting proposition, I think,
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11:52
and a new way of lighting the architectural environment
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ื•ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ืช
ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ืชื™ื ื•.
11:56
with our well-being in mind.
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11:58
The problem is, though, that I wanted to explain to you how this really works --
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ -
ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืืจื‘ืข ื›ืืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืืฆื‘ืข,
12:02
but I can have four of these on my finger,
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ื•ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.
12:05
so you would not be able to really see them.
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12:07
So I asked our laboratory to do something about it,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืžื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ,
ื•ื”ื ืืžืจื•, "ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•".
12:10
and they said, "Well, we can do something."
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ื”ื ื™ืฆืจื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ืืช ื ื•ืจืช ื”-LED ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื
12:12
They created for me the biggest LED in the world
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12:14
especially for TEDx in Amsterdam.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ TEDx ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื.
12:16
So here it is.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื™ื.
12:18
It's the same thing as you can see over there --
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืขืชืง ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื - ืจืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืคื™ 200.
12:20
just 200 times bigger.
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ื•ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ืื“ื’ื™ื ืœื›ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœืช.
12:22
And I will very quickly show you how it works.
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12:24
So just to explain.
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ื›ืš, ืจืง ืœืฉื ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ.
12:27
Now, every LED that is made these days gives blue light.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืœ LED ืฉืžื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื›ื™ื•ื
ืžืคื™ืงื” ืื•ืจ ื›ื—ื•ืœ.
12:34
Now, this is not very pleasant and comfortable.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื ืขื™ื ื•ืœื ื ื•ื—.
ื•ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื•,
12:38
And for that reason, we cover the LED with a phosphor cap.
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ืื ื• ืžื›ืกื™ื ืืช ื”-LED
ืขื ื›ื™ืคืช ื–ืจื—ืŸ.
12:44
And the phosphor is excited by the blue
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ื•ื”ื–ืจื—ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขื™ืจื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ
12:47
and makes the light white and warm and pleasant.
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ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ืœืœื‘ืŸ, ื•ื—ืžื™ื ื•ื ื•ื—.
12:50
And then when you add the lens to that,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื“ืฉื” ืœื–ื”,
12:53
you can bundle the light and send it wherever you need it
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื—ื•ืก ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื•ืœืฉืœื— ืื•ืชื• ืœืืŸ ืฉืืชื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื•
12:56
without any need to spill any light to the sky or anywhere else.
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ืืœืฅ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ
ืœืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืื• ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ.
13:00
So you can preserve the darkness and make the light.
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ื•ื›ืš ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชื›ื ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ืืคืœื”, ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ.
13:03
I just wanted to show that to you so you understand how this works.
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ืขืœื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืืช ื–ื”
ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื” ืคื•ืขืœ.
13:08
(Applause)
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13:09
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
13:10
(Applause)
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืœืื”.
13:12
We can go further.
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13:13
So we have to rethink the way we light our cities.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืขืจื™ื ื•.
13:16
We have to think again about light as a default solution.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื™ืช
ืขืœ ืื•ืจ ื›ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืจืช-ืžื—ื“ืœ.
ืžื“ื•ืข ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืกื˜ืจื“ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžื•ืืจื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“?
13:21
Why are all these motorways permanently lit?
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ื”ืืžื ื ื–ื” ื ื—ื•ืฅ?
13:23
Is it really needed?
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13:24
Can we maybe be much more selective
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ื”ืื ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืจื ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
13:26
and create better environments that also benefit from darkness?
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ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื’ื ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืžื”ืืคืœื”?
ื”ืื ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ื”ืื•ืจ?
13:30
Can we be much more gentle with light?
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ื›ืžื• ืคื”. ื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ืจืžืช ืชืื•ืจื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžืื“, ืœืžืขืฉื”.
13:32
Like here -- this is a very low light level actually.
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื
13:35
Can we engage people more in the lighting projects that we create,
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ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ ื”ืชืื•ืจื” ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื,
13:38
so they really want to connect with it, like here?
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืžืžืฉ ื™ืจืฆื• ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœื–ื”, ื›ืžื• ื›ืืŸ?
13:41
Or can we create simply sculptures
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ืื•, ื”ืื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืคื™ืกื•ืœื™ืช
13:43
that are very inspiring to be in and to be around?
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ืฉืžืขื•ืจืจืช ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื” ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”?
13:45
And can we preserve the darkness?
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ื•ื”ืื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ืืคืœื”?
13:47
Because to find a place like this today on Earth
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
13:50
is really very, very challenging.
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ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืื“ ืžืื“ ืžืืชื’ืจ.
13:53
And to find a starry sky like this is even more difficult.
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ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื–ืจื•ืขื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื”, ืงืฉื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืกื™ื, ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืื•ืจ
13:57
Even in the oceans, we are creating a lot of light
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ, ื’ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื
14:00
that we could actually ban
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14:01
also for animal life to have a much greater well-being.
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ืชื”ื™ื” ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ืฉืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช, ืœืžืฉืœ,
14:05
And it's known that migrating birds, for example, get very disoriented
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ืžืื‘ื“ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชืžืฆืื•ืช
14:08
because of these offshore platforms.
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ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
14:10
And we discovered that when we make those lights green,
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ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืฉืืจ ืื ื• ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืœื™ืจื•ืงื™ื,
ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืœืžืขืฉื” ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœื ืชื™ื‘ืŸ.
14:13
the birds, they actually go the right way.
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ื”ืŸ ืœื ืžื•ืคืจืขื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
14:15
They are not disturbed anymore.
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14:17
And it turns out once again
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ื•ืžื•ื›ื— ืœื ื• ืฉื•ื‘
14:19
that spectral sensitivity is very important here.
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ืฉื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื
ื”ื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“.
ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ืœื“ืขืชื™,
14:24
In all of these examples, I think,
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14:26
we should start making the light out of darkness,
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ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืืคืœื”,
14:29
and use the darkness as a canvas -- like the visual artists do,
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืคืœื” ื›ืžืฆืข ืฆื™ื•ืจ -
ื›ืžื• ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืžื ื™ื ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ื™ื,
14:33
like Edward Hopper in this painting.
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ื›ืžื• ืื“ื•ืืจื“ ื”ื•ืคืจ, ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
14:35
I think that there is a lot of suspense in this painting.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ืžืชื— ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
14:38
I think, when I see it, I start to think, who are those people?
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื–ื”,
ืื ื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืžื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”?
14:42
Where have they come from? Where are they going?
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ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ืื•? ืœืืŸ ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื?
ืžื” ืงืจื” ื›ืืŸ? ืžื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช?
14:45
What just happened?
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14:46
What will be happening in the next five minutes?
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ื•ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”; ื•ื”ืžืชื— ืฉื‘ื›ืš
14:48
And it only embodies all these stories and all this suspense
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ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื”ื™ื—ืก ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ื•ื”ืื•ืจ.
14:51
because of the darkness and the light.
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ืื“ื•ืืจื“ ื”ื•ืคืจ ื”ื•ื ืืฉืฃ ืืžื™ืชื™
14:53
Edward Hopper was a real master
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ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ
14:55
in creating the narration by working with light and dark.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืื•ืจ ื•ืฆืœ.
14:58
And we can learn from that
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ื•ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื›ืš
15:00
and create more interesting and inspiring architectural environments.
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืื”.
15:03
We can do that in commercial spaces like this.
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื—ืœืœื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื›ืืŸ.
15:06
And you can still also go outside
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ
ื•ืœื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืžื•ืคืข ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ื,
15:09
and enjoy the greatest show in the universe,
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ืฉื”ื•ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื•.
15:14
which is, of course, the universe itself.
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15:17
So I give you this wonderful, informative image of the sky,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื›ื ืชืžื•ื ื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช, ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช
ืฉืœ ื”ืจืงื™ืข,
15:23
ranging from the inner city,
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ืฉื ืจืื” ืžืชื•ืš ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ,
15:25
where you may see one or two stars and nothing else,
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ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืื—ื“ ืื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื,
ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื›ืคืจื™ืช,
15:29
all the way to the rural environments,
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ืฉื‘ื” ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื ื•ืช
15:31
where you can enjoy this great and gorgeous and beautiful performance
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ืžื”ืžื•ืคืข ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื”
15:35
of the constellations and the stars.
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ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื.
ื‘ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื•ืคืŸ.
15:38
In architecture, it works just the same.
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15:40
By appreciating the darkness when you design the light,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืืคืœื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ,
ืืชื” ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
15:44
you create much more interesting environments
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15:46
that truly enhance our lives.
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ืฉืžืžืฉ ืžืฉื“ืจื’ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
15:49
This is the most well-known example, Tadao Ando's Church of the Light.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
"ื›ื ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืจ" ืฉืœ ื˜ื“ืื• ืื ื“ื•.
15:53
But I also think of Peter Zumthor's spa in Vals,
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ืืš ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื’ื
ืขืœ ืžืขื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืจืคื ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื” ื•ืืœืก, ืฉืœ ืคื™ื˜ืจ ื–ื•ืžืช'ื•ืจ,
15:59
where light and dark, in very gentle combinations,
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ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืื•ืจ ื•ื”ืืคืœื”, ื‘ื”ืชืžื–ื’ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื ื” ืžืื“,
16:02
alter each other to define the space.
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ืžืชืžื™ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ.
16:04
Or Richard MacCormac's Southwark tube station in London,
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ืื• ืชื—ื ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช-ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ, ืฉืœ ืจื™ืฆ'ืจืื“ ืžืงื•ืจืžืง,
ืฉื ืืชื ืžืžืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื,
16:08
where you can really see the sky, even though you are under the ground.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืืชื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืื“ืžื”.
16:12
And finally, I want to point out
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื—ื“ื“
16:14
that a lot of this inspiration comes from theater.
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ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืจืื” ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ.
16:16
And I think it's fantastic that we are today experiencing TEDx
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉืื ื•, ื”ื™ื•ื, ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืืช TEDx
16:20
in a theater for the first time
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ื‘ืื•ืœื ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
16:23
because I think we really owe to the theater a big thanks.
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ืฉื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืื ื• ื—ื‘ื™ื ืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ.
16:27
It wouldn't be such an inspiring scenography
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ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกืฆื ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” (ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื”) ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
ืืœืžืœื ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ.
16:30
without this theater.
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16:31
And I think the theater is a place where we truly enhance life with light.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื
ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืขืฆื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ืื•ืจ.
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื•ืœื›ื.
16:38
Thank you very much.
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16:39
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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