Haas&Hahn: How painting can transform communities

翻译人员: Phoebe Zhang 校对人员: Peipei Xiang

Dre Urhahn: This theater is built on Copacabana,

Dre Urhahn：这个剧院建在科巴卡巴那，

which is the most famous beach in the world,

科巴卡巴那是世界上最有名的海滩，

but 25 kilometers away from here

但离这里25千米远的地方

in the North Zone of Rio

在里约热内卢的北部，

lies a community called Vila Cruzeiro,

有一个叫维拉克鲁塞罗的社区，

and roughly 60,000 people live there.

大约有六万人住在那里。

Now, the people here in Rio mostly know

在里约热内卢的人大多只在新闻里得知维拉克鲁塞罗，

Vila Cruzeiro from the news,

and unfortunately, news from Vila Cruzeiro often

不幸的是，来自维拉克鲁塞罗的新闻通常是不好的。

is not good news.

But Vila Cruzeiro is also the place

不过维拉克鲁塞罗也是我们的故事开始的地方。

where our story begins.

Jeroen Koolhaas: Ten years ago, we first came to Rio

Jeroen Koolhaas：十年前， 我们第一次来到里约热内卢

to shoot a documentary about life in the favelas.

来拍摄一部关于贫民窟生活的纪录片。

Now, we learned that favelas are informal communities.

现在我们知道贫民窟是非正式的社区，

They emerged over the years

随着周边村民进城务工这个社区逐年壮大起来。

when immigrants from the countryside

came to the cities looking for work,

like cities within the cities,

如同城市里被分割出的又一座城，

known for problems like crime, poverty,

贫民窟以犯罪，贫困以及

and the violent drug war between

警察与毒品团伙之间的暴力冲突这样的问题而闻名。

police and the drug gangs.

So what struck us was that

让我们震撼的是

these were communities that the people

这些社区是住在这里的人们用自己的双手建成的，

who lived there had built with their own hands,

这里没有总体计划，

without a master plan

and like a giant work in progress.

而是一直在进行的浩大工程。

Where we're from, in Holland,

我们来自荷兰，

everything is planned.

在荷兰，一切都是计划好的。

We even have rules for how to follow the rules.

我们甚至有“如何遵守规则”的规则。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

DU: So the last day of filming, we ended up

Dre Urhahn：拍摄的最后一天， 我们到了维拉克鲁塞罗，

in Vila Cruzeiro, and we were sitting down

and we had a drink,

我们坐着一边喝东西，

and we were overlooking this hill

一边远眺着这座山。

with all these houses,

山上有许多房屋，

and most of these houses looked unfinished,

大部分房屋看起来都还没建好，

and they had walls of bare brick,

它们的外墙都是裸露的砖块，

but we saw some of these houses

但我们看见其中的一些房子已经粉刷好并上了漆，

which were plastered and painted,

and suddenly we had this idea:

我们突然有了一个想法。

what would it look like if all these houses

如果把这山上所有的房子都进行粉刷并上漆， 将是怎样一种景象？

would be plastered and painted?

And then we imagined one big design,

然后我们想象了一个大设计，

one big work of art.

一件宏大的艺术作品。

Who would expect something like that

谁会想到在这种地方会有这样的东西？

in a place like this?

So we thought, would that even be possible?

我们就想这个计划可行吗？

So first we started to count the houses,

于是我们先开始数这些房子，

but we soon lost count.

可没一会我们就数糊涂了。

But somehow the idea stuck.

但不知为什么这个想法挥之不去，

JK: We had a friend.

Jeroen Koolhaas：我们有个朋友，

He ran an NGO in Vila Cruzeiro.

他在维拉克鲁塞罗运营着一个非政府组织，

His name was Nanko,

他的名字叫南科，

and he also liked the idea.

他也很喜欢我们这个想法。

He said, "You know, everybody here

他说：“你们知道吗？

其实这里所有的人都很想 给自己的房子粉刷并上漆，

would pretty much love to have their houses

plastered and painted.

It's when a house is finished."

全部都刷好时才叫盖好了房子。“

So he introduced us to the right people,

于是他给我们介绍了两个得力人选，

and Vitor and Maurinho became our crew.

就这样，维托和穆里尼奥加入了我们。

We picked three houses in the center of the community

我们选了社区中心的三所房子，

and we start here. We made a few designs,

我们从这三所房子开始，我们做了一些设计，

and everybody liked this design

其中那个男孩放风筝的设计成了大家的最爱。

of a boy flying a kite the best.

So we started painting, and the first thing we did

于是我们开始粉刷，

粉刷的第一步就是将所有房屋都刷成蓝色，

was to paint everything blue,

and we thought that looked already pretty good.

刷完之后我们觉得已经很不错了。

But they hated it. The people who lived there really hated it.

但居民们不买账，他们讨厌极了我们刷的蓝色，

They said, "What did you do?

他们说：“你们做了什么？

You painted our house in exactly the same color

你们给我们的房子刷的这个颜色， 跟警察局那颜色一模一样。”

as the police station."

（笑声）

(Laughter)

In a favela, that is not a good thing.

在贫民窟，这可不是件好事。

Also the same color as the prison cell.

这颜色也跟监狱的颜色一模一样。

So we quickly went ahead and we painted the boy,

所以我们火速进行下一步，我们画出了那个男孩，

and then we thought we were finished,

然后我们以为我们完成了，

we were really happy, but still,

我们非常开心，但是，

it wasn't good because the little kids started coming up to us,

这还不好，因为一些小孩子开始来找我们，

and they said, "You know, there's a boy flying the kite,

他们说：“那是个男孩在放风筝，

but where is his kite?"

但风筝在哪儿？”

We said, "Uh, it's art.

我们说：“额，这是艺术

You know, you have to imagine the kite."

你得想像出那个风筝。”（笑声）

(Laughter)

And they said, "No, no, no, we want to see the kite."

然后他们说 ：“不不不，我们想看到那个风筝。”

So we quickly installed a kite

所以我们很快安上了一个风筝，

way up high on the hill,

在高高的山上，

so that you could see the boy flying the kite

这样你就能看见一个男孩在放风筝，

and you could actually see a kite.

你真的能看见一个风筝。

So the local news started writing about it,

当地的新闻开始写有关它的报道，

which was great,

这非常好，

and then even The Guardian wrote about it:

甚至英国卫报也写了有关它的报道：

"Notorious slum becomes open-air gallery."

“臭名昭著的贫民窟成露天画廊”。

JK: So, encouraged by this success,

Jeroen Koolhaas：被成功所鼓舞，

we went back to Rio for a second project,

我们冲着第二个项目又回到了里约热内卢。

and we stumbled upon this street.

我们不知不觉来到了这条路上，

It was covered in concrete to prevent mudslides,

这条路为了防止泥石流而铺上了水泥，

and somehow we saw a sort of river in it,

而我们仿佛看到了一条河，

and we imagined this river to be a river in Japanese style

然后我们想像这河是日式风格的，

with koi carp swimming upstream.

河中有鲤鱼逆流而上。

So we decided to paint that river,

于是我们决定画出这条河，

and we invited Rob Admiraal,

我们邀请了罗布・阿德米亚，

who is a tattoo artist,

他是个纹身艺术家，

and he specialized in the Japanese style.

他擅长日式风格。

So little did we know that we would spend

我们哪里知道我们接下来

almost an entire year painting that river,

几乎花了一整年的时间来画这条河，

together with Geovani and Robinho and Vitor,

和住在附近的乔瓦尼，罗比尼奥和维托一起。

who lived nearby.

And we even moved into the neighborhood

我们甚至住进了“河”附近的街道，

when one of the guys that lived on the street, Elias,

一个住在那条街上的人，艾利亚斯

told us that we could come and live in his house,

邀请我们和他家人一起住，

together with his family,

这非常棒。

which was fantastic.

Unfortunately, during that time,

不幸的是，在那时候，

another war broke out between the police

在警察和贩毒团伙之间又爆发了一场战争。

and the drug gangs.

(Video) (Gunfire)

（视频）（枪声）

We learned that during those times,

我们明白了在这种时候，

people in communities really stick together

社区里的人们真的非常团结，

during these times of hardship,

他们一起共渡难关。

but we also learned a very important element,

我们还明白了一个东西的重要性，

the importance of barbecues. (Laughter)

烧烤的重要性。（笑声）

Because, when you throw a barbecue,

因为当你开烧烤派对的时候，

it turns you from a guest into a host,

你从客人变成了主人，

so we decided to throw one

所以我们决定几乎每隔一周都开一次烧烤派对，

almost every other week,

and we got to know everybody in the neighborhood.

然后我们认识了社区里的每一个人。

JK: We still had this idea of the hill, though.

Jeroen Koolhaas：但我们还有对这个山的想法，

DU: Yeah, yeah, we were talking about

Dre Urhahn：对，对，我们讨论了它的比例，

the scale of this, because this painting

因为这个画作异常巨大，

was incredibly big,

and it was insanely detailed,

又有无数细节，

and this process almost drove us completely insane ourselves.

这个过程几乎把我们完全逼疯。

But we figured that maybe, during this process,

但是我们想到，也许在这个过程中，

all the time that we had spent in the neighborhood

我们在社区里度过的时光，

was maybe actually even more important

可能实际上比绘画本身更加重要。

than the painting itself.

JK: So after all that time,

Jeroen Koolhaas：在那么长时间之后，

this hill, this idea was still there,

这个山，这个想法还在，

and we started to make sketches,

我们开始画草稿，

models, and we figured something out.

模型，然后我们明白了一些东西。

We figured that our ideas, our designs

我们明白了，我们的想法和设计

had to be a little bit more simple than that last project

要比上次的项目更加简单一些，

so that we could paint with more people

这样我们就可以让更多人一起来画，

and cover more houses at the same time.

并同时覆盖更多的房子。

And we had an opportunity to try that out

在里约热内卢中心的一个叫做圣玛尔塔的社区， 我们有了个实践这个想法的机会。

in a community in the central part of Rio,

which is called Santa Marta,

and we made a design for this place

我们给这个地方做了个这样的设计，

which looked like this,

and then we got people to go along with it

然后我们说服人们接受了这个设计，

because turns out that if your idea is ridiculously big,

因为事实是，如果你的想法大得荒唐的话，

it's easier to get people to go along with this. (Laughter)

就更容易得到大家的赞成。（笑声）

And the people of Santa Marta

圣玛尔塔的居民

got together and in a little over a month

聚到了一起并在一个月多一点的时间内，

they turned that square into this.

他们把那个广场变成了这个样子。

(Applause)

（掌声）

And this image somehow went all over the world.

不知怎么回事这张照片传遍了全球。

DU: So then we received an unexpected phone call

Dre Urhahn：我们接到了一个意外的电话，

from the Philadelphia Mural Arts Program,

这个电话来自费城壁画艺术计划，

and they had this question

他们有个问题，

if this idea, our approach,

我们的想法，我们的方法，

if this would actually work in North Philly,

能否在费城北部实施，

which is one of the poorest neighborhoods

费城北部是全美最贫困的社区之一。

in the United States.

So we immediately said yes.

我们马上答应了，

We had no idea how,

我们不知道怎么做，

but it seemed like a very interesting challenge,

但这看起来是个有趣的挑战。

so we did exactly the same as we did in Rio,

于是我们做了跟在里约热内卢一样的事，

and we moved into the neighborhood

我们住进了当地社区，

and started barbecuing.

开始了烧烤。

（笑声）

(Laughter)

So the project took almost two years to complete,

这个项目我们花了将近两年完成，

and we made individual designs

我们为这条街上的每一个房子都做了单独的设计，

for every single house on the avenue that we painted,

and we made these designs together

我们和当地的店家和房主，

with the local store owners, the building owners,

and a team of about a dozen young men and women.

还有一队十来个的年轻人，

一起做出了这些设计。

They were hired, and then they were trained as painters,

我们雇佣了他们， 然后给他们提供培训，

and together they transformed their own neighborhood,

他们一起把他们自己的社区，

the whole street, into a giant patchwork of color.

整条街道，改造成了一幅巨大的色彩拼接图。

(Applause)

（掌声）

And at the end, the city of Philadelphia

最后，费城政府

thanked every single one of them

感谢了每个参与这个工作的人

and gave them a merit for their accomplishment.

并对他们的成果给予了奖励。

JK: So now we had painted a whole street.

Jeroen Koolhaas：现在我们画好了整条街，

How about we do this whole hill now?

接下来是不是该着手这座山了？

We started looking for funding,

我们开始寻找资金，

but instead, we just ran into questions,

但是，我们遇到了一些问题，

like, how many houses are you going to paint?

比如你们要刷多少栋房子？

How many square meters is that?

那是多少平米？

How much paint are you going to use,

你们要用多少墙漆？

and how many people are you going to employ?

你们要雇多少人？

And we did try for years to write plans

我们好几年来一直试图

写投资计划书并回答这些问题，

for the funding and answer all those questions,

but then we thought,

但我们又想，

in order to answer all those questions,

回答这些问题，

you have to know exactly what you're going to do

你需要在你到那里和开始之前 准确地知道你要干什么。

before you actually get there and start.

And maybe it's a mistake to think like that.

可能这么想不对。

It would lose some of the magic that we had learned

它可能会因此失去我们学到的一些神奇的东西，

about that if you go somewhere

就是如果你去一个地方，你在那里生活，

and you spend time there,

you can let the project grow organically

你可以让艺术项目有机地生长，

and have a life of its own.

有自己的生命。

DU: So what we did is

Dre Urhahn：所以我们做的是

we decided to take this plan and strip it away

我们决定用这个计划，

撇开它上面所有的数字，

from all the numbers

and all the ideas and presumptions

所有的想法和假设，

and just go back to the base idea,

然后回到最基本的想法，

which was to transform this hill

就是把这座山

into a giant work of art.

变成一件巨大的艺术作品。

And instead of looking for funding,

我们做了一个群众募资活动而不是寻找投资，

we started a crowdfunding campaign,

and in a little over a month,

在一个月多一点的时间内，

more than 1,500 people put together

1500多人一起募集捐赠了超过十万美元。

and donated over 100,000 dollars.

So for us, this was an amazing moment, because now —

对我们来说，这是个惊喜的时刻，因为现在——

(Applause) —

（掌声）

because now we finally had the freedom

因为现在我们终于有自由

to use all the lessons that we had learned

运用所有我们学到的东西

and create a project that was built

来创造一个

the same way that the favela was built,

跟贫民窟一样建造起来的项目，

from the ground on up, bottom up,

从地面到房顶，从下而上，

with no master plan.

没有总体计划。

JK: So we went back, and we employed Angelo,

Jeroen Koolhaas：我们回去雇佣了安杰洛，

and he's a local artist from Vila Cruzeiro,

他是个来自维拉克鲁塞罗当地的艺术家，

very talented guy, and he knows almost everybody there,

他是个有天赋的人，他还认识那里几乎所有的人，

and then we employed Elias, our former landlord

然后我们雇了我们的前房东艾利亚斯，

who invited us into his house,

他之前邀请过我们去住他的房子，

and he's a master of construction.

他是个建筑大师。

Together with them, we decided where to start.

和他们一起，我们决定了从哪里开始。

We picked this spot in Vila Cruzeiro,

我们选了维拉克鲁塞罗的这个地方，

and houses are being plastered as we speak.

此刻这些房子正在粉刷中。

And the good thing about them is that

有他们的好处就是

they are deciding which houses go next.

他们来决定要刷的下一个房子。

They're even printing t-shirts,

他们甚至印了T恤衫，

they're putting up banners

他们挂起了条幅，

explaining everything to everybody,

向大家解释一切，

and talking to the press.

和媒体交流。

This article about Angelo appeared.

这是有关安杰洛的报道。

DU: So while this is happening,

Dre Urhahn：与此同时，

we are bringing this idea all over the world.

我们希望把这个想法带到全世界。

So, like the project we did in Philadelphia,

像我们在费城做的项目一样，

we are also invited to do workshops,

我们也被邀请去开研讨会，

for instance in Curaçao,

比如在库拉索，

and right now we're planning a huge project in Haiti.

现在我们正在计划在海地的一个巨大的项目。

JK: So the favela was not only the place

Jeroen Koolhaas： 所以贫民窟不仅是这个想法开始的地方，

where this idea started:

it was also the place that made it possible

它也是让这个想法得以成真的地方，

to work without a master plan,

这里不需要总体规划，

because these communities are informal —

因为这些社区是非正式的－

this was the inspiration —

这就是我们的灵感来源－

and in a communal effort, together with the people,

和这些人一起，用共同的努力，

you can almost work like in an orchestra,

你可以像在一个管弦乐队里工作一样，

where you can have a hundred instruments

你可以有上百个乐器，

playing together to create a symphony.

一起奏响一曲交响乐。

DU: So we want to thank everybody who

Dre Urhahn：我们想感谢所有

wanted to become part of this dream

想成为这个梦想的一部分

and supported us along the way,

并一直支持我们的人，

and we are looking at continuing.

我们也希望继续下去。

JK: Yeah. And so one day pretty soon,

Jeroen Koolhaas：很快会有一天，

when the colors start going up on these walls,

在色彩爬上这些墙面时，

we hope more people will join us,

我们希望更多人能加入我们，

and join this big dream,

加入这个巨大的梦想，

and maybe one day, the whole of Vila Cruzeiro

可能有一天，整个维拉克鲁塞罗

will be painted.

都会被画满。

DU: Thank you.

Dre Urhahn：谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）