The case for anonymity online | Christopher "moot" Poole

翻译人员: Shen Huijun 校对人员: Chaoran Yu

Tom Green: That's a 4chan thing.

Tom Green：这是个4chan特色。

These kids on the Internet, they have this group of kids

这些在网上聚集的年轻人

and they like to say funny words

喜欢说些很搞怪的词

like "barrel roll."

比如“桶滚”（译：快闪）。

It's a video game move from "Star Fox."

这是“Star Fox”电动游戏里的一个动作。

"Star Fox 20"? (Assistant: "Star Fox 64.")

是“Star Fox 20”么？（助理：是“Star Fox 64”）

Tom Green: Yeah. And they've been dogging me for a year.

Tom Green: 哦对了。他们因为这件事已经烦了我一年。

I got to tell you, it's driving me nuts, actually.

说真的，这快要把我逼疯了。

Sometimes I wake up in the middle of the night and I scream,

有时我半夜突然惊醒，大叫：

"4chan!"

“4chan！”

Christopher Poole: When I was 15,

Christopher Poole: 在我十五岁的时候，

I found this website called Futaba Channel.

我找到一个叫做“Futaba Channel” 的网站。

And it was a Japanese forum and imageboard.

那是一个论坛兼图片分享的日本网站。

That format of forum, at that time,

在那个时候，这种形式的论坛

was not well-known outside of Japan.

是难以在日本境外见到。

And so what I did is I took it, I translated it into English,

所以我借用了他们的模式，且将它翻译成英文，

and I stuck it up for my friends to use.

然后放在网上让我的朋友使用。

Now, six and a half years later,

六年半后的今天，

over seven million people are using it,

已有逾七百万人在使用它，

contributing over 700,000 posts per day.

每天都会有遇700，000篇文章被上载。

And we've gone from one board

我们从一个版块

to 48 boards.

发展成四十八个版块。

This is what it looks like.

看起来就是这个样子。

So, what's unique about the site

这个网站最独特的地方

is that it's anonymous,

就是完全的匿名性，

and it has no memory.

和没有任何记忆储存。

There's no archive, there are no barriers, there's no registration.

没有存档。没有限制。没有登记。

These things that we're used to with forums

这些皆是普通论坛的特质，

don't exist on 4chan.

而在4chan却是不存在的。

And that's led to this

结果便是

discussion that's completely raw, completely unfiltered.

一种完全未受过滤的的讨论和评论。

What the site's known for,

而网站能够出名

because it has this environment,

是因为在这种特殊的环境下

is it's fostered the creation of a lot of

它可以掀起

Internet phenomena, viral videos and whatnot, known as "memes."

网上风潮，大量传播视频和许多称为“谜米”的流行文化。

Two of the largest memes that have come out of this site

这个网站所推出的两大“谜米”，

some of you might be familiar with are these LOLcats --

其中一个便是有些人可能很熟悉的LOL猫咪——

just silly pictures of cats with text.

就是一些搞怪的猫咪图片加上标题。

And this resonates with millions of people, apparently,

显然这些图片得到很多人的回响，

because there are tens of thousands of these,

因为现在有成千上万张类似的照片，

and there is a whole blogging empire now

还有一个专门为这些照片所设的

dedicated to pictures like these.

博客帝国。

And Rick Astley's kind of rebirth

还有就是理查艾斯利的重生

these past two years ...

在过去这两年...

Rickroll was this bait and switch,

瑞克摇滚是一种“挂羊头卖狗肉”的恶作剧，

really simple, classic bait and switch.

很简单，却是最经典的恶作剧。

Somebody says they're linking to something interesting,

有人说他们有一些有趣的链接，

and you get an '80s pop song. That's all it was.

不过当你点击进入时，你只会看到80年代的流行歌曲。

And it got big enough to the point where

不过这个恶作剧越闹越大，

there was a float last year at the Macy's Thanksgiving Day parade,

在去年的梅西百货感恩节游行的一辆游行花车上

and Rick Astley pops out, and rickrolls

理查艾斯利突然出现，表演瑞克摇滚

millions of people on television.

作弄了上万的电视观众。

(Laughter)

（笑）

There are thousands of memes that come out of the site.

这个网站创造了许多“谜米”。

There are a handful that have escaped into the mainstream,

有些流入了主流文化，

the ones I've just shown you,

就像我刚刚介绍的那几个，

but every day, every month,

不过每天，每个月，

people are producing thousands of these.

还有人不断地制造上千个新的“谜米”。

So does a site like this have rules?

像这样的网站有什么规则吗？

We do; they're the codified rules that I've come up with,

当然有。就是一些我自己想出来的条例

which are more-or-less ignored by the community.

虽然大部分的网民都不将之放在眼里。

And so they've come up with their own set of rules,

所以他们想出了一套自己的规则，

the "Rules of the Internet."

亦就是“网络规则”。

And so there are three that I want to show you specifically.

我想特别介绍3条规则，

Rule one is you don't talk about /b/.

第一条，不可提起/b/

Two is you do not talk about /b/.

第二条，绝不可以提起/b/.

And this one's kind of interesting:

最后一条更有趣：

"If it exists, there is porn of it. No exceptions."

如果/b/真的存在，它绝对含有色情内容。没有例外。

(Laughter)

（笑）

And I will spare you that slide.

我还是别让你们看刚才的那一条。

I assure you, it is very true.

不过我敢保证，这绝对是真的。

/b/ is the first board we started with,

/b/是我们的第一个板块，

and it is, in many ways,

而它在各方面

the beating heart of the website.

都是网站的活跃中心。

It is where a third of all the traffic is going.

网站三分之一的访客流量都在那里。

And /b/ is known for,

而/b/最为人所知的

more than anything,

不仅仅只有它所创造的“谜米”，

not just the memes they've created, but the exploits.

更多的还有它的辉煌成就。

And Chris just touched on one of those a second ago,

就像克里斯刚刚提到的，

and that was the Time 100 poll.

时代周刊100名人的投票。

So somebody at Time, at the magazine,

有个在时代周刊的人

thought it would be fun to nominate me

认为在去年的100名人榜上提名我

for this thing they did last year.

是件有意思的事。

And so they placed me on it,

所以他们把我的名字放了进去，

and the Internet got wind of it. My community

而网民们也得知了消息。我的社群

decided they wanted me to win it.

决定要让我赢得这次的投票。

I didn't instruct them to do it; they just decided that that's what they wanted.

我并没有指示他们。他们只是决定这是他们想要做的。

And so, you know, 390 percent approval rating ain't so bad.

就因如此，你知道的，有390%的支持率还真不赖。

(Laughter)

（笑）

So they broke that poll.

他们操控了那次的投选。

And I ended up on top.

而我得了第一。

I ended up at this really fancy party.

我最后还参加了一个很有款的派对。

But that's not what's interesting about this.

不过这个“成就”有趣的地方还不止于此。

It's that they weren't putting me at the top of this list;

他们不仅仅把我顶上了第一位，

they were actually --

他们其实

it got so sophisticated to the point where they gamed

以更高超的方式操控了

all of the top 21 places

前21名的全部排名，

to spell "mARBLECAKE. ALSO, THE GAME."

拼写出“mARBLECAKE. ALSO, THE GAME." （译：云石蛋糕，必胜！）

(Laughter)

（笑）

The amount of time and effort that went into that

他们为此所付出的时间和努力

is absolutely incredible.

让人叹为观止。

And "marble cake" is significant because

而“云石蛋糕”意义便在于

it is the channel that this group called Anonymous organized.

它是一群称自己为“匿名者”的人所组织的网络频道。

Anonymous is this group of people

“匿名者”是一群人，

that protested, very famously,

他们曾经非常高调抗议

Scientology.

山达基教（一种信仰体制，科学论派）。

The story is,

故事是这样的，

Scientology had this embarrassing video of Tom Cruise. It went up online.

山达基教有一个汤姆克鲁斯的尴尬视频。它被人放在网上。

They got it taken offline and managed to piss off part of the Internet.

不过有人把它从网上拿了下来，惹火了一部分的网民。

And so these people, over 7,000 people,

这群差不多有7000多人的组织

less than one month later,

在一个月内

organized in a hundred cities around the globe and --

在全球上百个城市，

this is L.A. --

包括洛杉矶，

protested the Church of Scientology,

组织对山达基教的抗议活动，

and they have continued to do so,

而他们的活动还在持续，

now, two full years after the fact.

一直到事件发生两年后的今天。

They are still protesting.

他们还在抗议。

(Laughter)

（笑）

So we've got this activist group that's this grassroots group

所以我们有这一群基层团体的激进分子，

that's come out of the site.

他们是从网站里发展出来。

And last, I'm going to show you the example,

最后，我要给你们看一个例子，

the story of Dusty the cat.

那便是灰灰猫的故事。

Dusty is the name that we've given to this cat.

灰灰是我们给一只猫取的名字。

This young man

有个年轻人

posted a video

在youtube上

of him abusing his cat on YouTube.

上载了一个他在虐待他的猫的视频。

And, you know, this didn't sit well with people,

而你知道的，这引起很多人的反感，

and so there was this outpouring of support

所以大量的的网民站出来支持

for people to do something about this.

解决这件事情。

So what they did is they -- I mean, they put CSI to shame here --

他们所做的事能让C.S.I.（电视节目《犯罪现场调查》）自叹弗如。

the Internet detectives came out.

网络侦探一齐出动

They matched, they found his MySpace.

他们做了比对并找到了那人的MySpace。

They took the YouTube video and they mashed everything in the video.

他们拿到了YouTube上的视频并把所有的内容都搞乱。

Within 24 hours,

在24小时之内，

they had his name,

他们查到了那人的名字。

and within 48 hours, he was arrested.

在48小时之内，他被拘捕归案。

(Applause)

（鼓掌声）

And so, what I think is really intriguing

这让我对4chan的社群

about a community like 4chan

感到非常好奇

is just that it's this open place.

它就是一个开放的空间。

As I said, it's raw, it's unfiltered.

就像我说的，它是未加工的，它是未经过滤的。

And sites like it are kind of

而这种类型的网站

going the way of the dinosaur right now.

已经濒临绝种了。

They're endangered because we're moving

它们之所以快要绝种了是因为我们正迈向

towards social networking.

社交关系网络。

We're moving towards persistent identity.

我们正迈向验证固定的身份。

We're moving towards,

我们正迈向，

you know, a lack of privacy, really.

你知道，真的是一个缺乏隐私的空间。

We're sacrificing a lot of that, and I think in doing so,

我认为在我们迈向这些情况的当儿，我们也失去了很多，

moving towards those things, we're losing something valuable.

我们失去一些很珍贵的东西。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

Chris Anderson: Thank you.

Chris Anderson: 谢谢

Got a couple questions for you.

我想问你几个问题。

But if I ask them, is the TED website going to go down?

如果我问了，TED网站会不会被攻陷？

CP: You're lucky that this is not

CP：幸运的是这个演讲

being streamed to them live right now.

没有现场转播给他们。

CA: Well, you never know. Some of them --

CA：谁知道，也许其中有一些人——

we've got people in 75 countries out there watching.

我们有来自75个国家的人在观看TED大会。

Don't tell.

千万别说出去。

But seriously,

不过认真来说，

this issue on anonymity is --

关于匿名——

I mean, you made the case there.

你刚解释了它的优势。

But anonymity basically allows people to say anything,

不过匿名可让人畅所欲谈。

all the rules gone.

没有任何规矩。

You've had to wrestle with issues like child pornography.

但你需要面对例如未成年色情内容的问题。

And I'm just curious whether you

我很好奇你会不会

sometimes lie awake in the night

半夜躺着睡不着觉

worrying that you've opened Pandora's box.

担心自己是不是打开了潘多拉之盒。

CP: Yes and no.

CP：是与不是。

I mean, for as much good

我想在这个环境中

that kind of comes out of this environment,

尽管延伸出很多好处

there is plenty of bad.

它也是有很多坏处的。

There are plenty of downsides.

而且坏处也不只是一两件而已。

But I think that the greater good

不过我想把权力交给人们，

is being served here by just allowing people --

我们能得到更多的益处——

there are very few places, now, where you can go

现在有太少的地方让你可以进入

and not have identity, to be completely anonymous

又不需要一个确定的身份，可以保持自己的匿名，

and say whatever you'd like.

畅所欲言。

And saying whatever you like, I think, is powerful.

而能任意表达你想说的事情，我想，是股很强大的力量。

Doing whatever you like is now crossing a line.

不过现在你想要为所欲为是越界的行为。

But I think it's important to have these places.

不过我想这些地方的存在的很重要的。

When I get emails, people say, "Thank you for giving me this place,

当我收到电邮时，人们会说：“谢谢你给我一个这样的空间，

this outlet, where I can come after work

一个抒发的地方，一个我下班后能来的地方，

and be myself."

可以让我做我自己。”

CA: But words, saying things,

CA：不过言语，

you know, can be constructive; it can be really damaging.

可有建设性，但也具毁灭性。

And if you cut the link between what is said

如果你一刀剪断说话

and any attribution back to you,

和说话的后果之间的联系

I mean, surely there are huge risks with that.

我想这会有很大的危险吧。

CP: There are, certainly.

CP：这当然。

But --

不过——

CA: Tell me about what -- I mean, I think you asked the board

CA：跟我说说，你曾在论坛上问起

what you might say at TED, right?

你要在TED讲些什么，对吧。

CP: Yeah, I posted a thread

CP：是啊，我发了一个贴子，

on Sunday.

就在这个星期天。

And within 24 hours,

在24小时之内，

it had over 12,000 responses.

我收到超过1.2万个回复。

And the thing is,

不过

I didn't make it into that presentation

我并没有把他们建议的加入我的演讲里

because I can't read to you anything that they said, more or less.

因为我基本上没办法把他们说的任何事情讲出来。

(Laughter)

（笑）

99 percent of it is just,

99%的内容

would have been, you know, bleeped out.

应该都会被消声吧。

But there were some good things that came out of that too.

不过也有些不错的内容哦。

(Laughter)

（笑）

Love and peace were mentioned.

爱与和平有被提到。

CA: Love and peace were mentioned,

CA：爱与和平被提到时

kind of with quote marks around them, right?

是不是在双引号里面？

CP: Cats and dogs were mentioned too.

CP：猫和狗也被提到了。

CA: And that content is all off the board now.

CA：现在整个板块都是这样的内容吧。

Right, it's gone? Or is it still up there?

是吗，已经不见了吗？还是仍在网上呢？

CP: I stuck that thread so it lasted a few days.

CP：我几天前才放上网的。

It went up to about 16,000 posts,

差不多得到1.6万个回复，

and now it has been taken off.

不过现在已经拿下网了。

CA: Okay, well.

CA：那好吧。

Now, I'm not sure I would have necessarily recommended

我不知道现在要不要建议

everyone at TED to go and check it out anyway.

来参加TED讲座的人去看看着的网站。

Chris, you yourself? I mean, you're a figure of some intrigue.

克里斯，你怎么说呢？你其实是个很有意思的人物。

You've got this surprising

你有令人惊讶的

semi-underground influence,

半地下影响力，

but it's not making you a lot of money, yet.

不过你好像还没赚到钱吧。

What's the commercial picture here?

这儿的商业前景是怎样的呢？

CP: The commercial picture is that there really isn't

CP：其实没什么商业前景可言

much of one, I guess.

我是这么觉得。

The site has adult content on it.

这个网站上有限制级内容。

I mean, obviously, it's got some very offensive, obscene content on it,

很明显，它有一些很不雅的内容，

just in terms of language alone.

连使用的语言都是这样的。

And when you've got that, you've pretty much sacrificed

当你有这些东西放在网上，你基本上牺牲了

any hope of making lots of money.

任何能赚大钱的的机会。

CA: But you still live at home, right?

CA：你现在还住在父母家吗？

CP: I actually moved out recently.

CP：其实我刚搬了出去。

CA: That's very cool.

CA：那还蛮酷的。

(Applause)

（掌声）

CP: I got out of Mom's, and I'm back in school right now.

CP：我搬出了我母亲的家，现在回到了学校。

CA: But what conversations did you or do you

CA：你和你母亲有过什么

have with your mother about 4chan?

关于4chan的谈话吗？

CP: At first, very kind of pained,

CP：刚开始，其实有点硬坳

awkward conversations.

又尴尬的谈话。

The content is not dinner table conversation in the least.

网上的内容真的不适合在餐桌上谈起。

But my parents -- I think part of why

不过我的父母——我觉得他们之所以

they kind of are able to appreciate it

能够接受它

is because they don't understand it.

是因为他们并不懂它。

(Laughter)

（笑）

CA: And they were probably pleased to see you

CA：他们大概很高兴能看到你

on top of the Time poll.

得到时代周刊投选的第一名。

CP: Yeah. They still didn't know what to think of that though.

CP：是啊。不过他们其实也不知道要怎么想。

(Laughter)

（笑）

CA: And so, in 10 years' time,

CA：所以，在10年后

what do you picture yourself doing?

你想象自己会在做什么呢？

CP: That's a good question.

CP：这是个好问题。

As I said, I just went back to school,

就像我说的，我刚回到学校，

and I am considering

我也在考虑

majoring in urban studies

主攻城市科学

and then going on to urban planning,

然后再去学城市规划，

kind of taking whatever I've learned from online communities

就是把我从网上学到的东西

and trying to adapt that

试着把它带入

to a physical community.

实体的社区里。

CA: Chris, thank you. Absolutely fascinating. Thank you for coming to TED.

CA：克里斯，谢谢。非常精彩。谢谢你来TED大会。