The beautiful future of solar power | Marjan van Aubel

翻译人员: chunhua zhang 校对人员: Yolanda Zhang

Last summer, I was hiking through the Austrian mountains.

去年夏天，我在奥地利的山上远足。

And there, on top, I saw this beautiful, stone, remote hut,

在山顶上，我看到了 远处漂亮的石头小屋，

and it had solar panels on it.

上面还有太阳能面板。

And every time I see solar panels, I get very enthusiastic.

每当我看到太阳能面板 就会十分兴奋。

It's this technology that takes sunlight, which is free and available,

那是一种将免费又易得的太阳光

and turns that into electricity.

转变成电能的技术。

So this hut, in the middle of nowhere, on a beautiful location,

因此这个位于偏远美景处的小屋

was self-sufficient.

是能源自给自足的。

But why do solar panels always have to be so ugly?

但为什么太阳能面板总是非得这么丑？

(Laughter)

（笑声）

My name is Marjan Van Aubel and I'm a solar designer.

我叫玛里安·凡·奥贝尔， 是一个太阳能设计师。

I work in the triangle of design, sustainability and technology.

我从设计、可持续性和技术 三个方面展开工作，

I strive for extreme efficiency,

我努力提高效率，

meaning that I develop materials that expand in size

这意味着我要研发能拓展尺寸的材料，

or work with solar cells that use the properties of colors

或研发利用不同色彩的 光线的性能来发电的

to generate electricity.

太阳能电池。

My work is in museums all over the world, such as MoMA.

我在世界各地的博物馆工作， 如纽约现代艺术博物馆。

And, I mean, it all went quite well,

一切进展都很顺利，

but it always felt that something was missing.

但我总觉得缺少点什么。

And it was, until I read the book called the "Solar Revolution,"

直到我读了《太阳能革命》这本书，

where it says that within one hour we receive enough sunlight

书上说，地球上一小时所接收的太阳光

to provide the world with enough electricity

全部用来发电的话，就可以供全世界

for an entire year.

用上一年。

One hour.

仅仅一个小时。

And since then, I realized I just want to focus on solar.

从此以后，我意识到 我只想专注于太阳能。

Scientists all over the world

全世界的科学家都

have been focusing on making solar panels more efficient and cheaper.

致力于把太阳能面板 变得更高效，更廉价。

So the price of solar has dropped enormously.

太阳能的价格已经大幅下降。

And this is because China started producing them on a large scale.

这是因为中国开始大规模生产它们。

And also their efficiency has increased a lot.

同时它们的效率也提升了很多，

They now even have an efficiency of 44.5 percent.

现在的转化率甚至能达到44.5%。

But if you think about the image of solar cells,

但如果你想一想太阳能电池的样子，

it's kind of stayed the same for the last 60 years.

它在过去的60年里都没怎么变过，

It's still this technology just stacked onto something.

仍然只是堆放在别的东西上的科技。

And solar cells need to be much better integrated into our environment.

太阳能电池需要更好地 融入到我们的环境中。

Climate change is the biggest problem of our time.

气候变化是我们这个时代最大的问题。

And we can't rely on the others -- the government, the engineers --

并且我们不能依赖其他人—— 政府、工程师

to make positive changes.

来带来积极的改变。

We all can contribute towards change.

我们每个人都能推动这个改变。

Like I said, I'm a designer

就像我说的，我是设计师，

and I would like to change things through design.

我喜欢通过设计改变一些东西。

Let me give you some examples of my work.

这是我工作的一些案例。

I'm collaborating with Swarovski, the crystal company.

我正在和水晶公司施华洛世奇合作。

And if you cut crystals in a certain way,

如果你以某种方式切割水晶，

you are able to bend and direct the light onto a certain place.

就可以使光线折射并指向某个地方。

So I use these crystals to focus the light onto a solar panel,

我就用这些水晶来把光线 聚焦到太阳能面板上。

making them more efficient, but using aesthetics.

只是运用了一点美学， 就使它们更有效率。

So you take the solar crystal with you in the light,

当你在太阳光下 拿着这个太阳能水晶，

there's a battery in the solar cell,

太阳能电池中有块电池，

you put it in a docking station

你把它放在一个扩展坞，

and you are able to power these chandeliers.

就可以为这些枝形吊灯供电。

So you're literally bringing the light indoors.

事实上你将光线带到了室内。

I got completely hooked on solar when I came across this technology

让我对太阳能着迷的是这样一种技术，

called dye-sensitized solar cells,

它叫做染料敏化太阳能电池，

colored solar cells,

彩色的太阳能电池，

and they are based on photosynthesis in plants.

它们是摸拟了植物的光合作用。

Where the green chlorophyl converts light into sugar for plants,

就像植物利用叶绿素 将太阳光转化成糖，

these cells convert light into electricity.

这些电池能将太阳能转化成电。

The best thing is, they even work indoors.

最棒的是，它们甚至能在室内工作。

So different colors have different efficiency,

不同颜色的电池效能是不一样的，

depending on their place on the color spectrum.

完全取决于它们在光谱中的位置。

So, for example, red is more efficient than blue.

例如红色就比蓝色的效能要大。

So if I hear this as a designer:

所以如果我作为一个设计师听到说：

a colored surface, a glass colored surface,

在一个彩色的面，一个彩色的玻璃面上，

color that's mostly just used for esthetics,

色彩通常只是为了美观，

now gets an extra function and is able to harvest electricity,

现在要加上一个额外的发电功能，

I think, where can we apply this, then?

我会想，该如何做到这一点呢？

This is Current Table,

这是一张电流桌，

where the whole tabletop consists of these colored solar cells.

整个桌面都铺满了 彩色的太阳能电池板。

There are batteries in the legs

桌腿上装有电池，

where you can charge your phone through USB ports.

可以通过USB接口给你的手机充电。

And in my work, it's always very important,

在我的工作中，一直都很重要的一点，

the balance between efficiency and aesthetics.

就是效能和美学之间的平衡。

So that's why the table is orange,

这也解释了为什么这张桌子是橙色的，

because it is a very stable color for indoors.

因为它在室内是一个很稳定的颜色。

And this is always the most asked question I get:

而我被问得最多的问题是：

"OK, great, but how many phones can I charge from this, then?"

“我能同时给几部手机充电呢？”

And before I go to this complicated answer of like,

以前我会给出 一个很复杂的回答，比如

"Well, where is the table, does it have enough light,

“这得看桌子摆在哪，是否光照充足，

is it next to a window?"

它是在靠窗的位置吗？”

The table now has sensors that read the light intensity of the room.

但现在桌子上有传感器 能检测室内光线强度。

So through an app we developed

因此通过我们开发的一个应用程序，

you can literally follow how much light it's getting,

你就能看到它获得了多少光照，

and how full the battery is.

以及电池的电量。

I'm actually proud, because yesterday we installed a table

我很自豪，因为昨天 我们在 Stichting Doen 基金会

at Stichting Doen's offices in Amsterdam

位于阿姆斯特丹的 办公室里装了一张桌子，

and, right at this moment,

而此时此刻，我们的

our Queen Maxima is charging a phone from this table.

马克西玛王后正在通过 这张桌子给她的手机充电。

It's cool.

太酷了。

(Applause)

（掌声）

So the more surface you have, the more energy you can harvest.

所以表面积越大， 就可以收获越多的能量。

These are Current Windows,

这些是电流窗户，

where we replaced all windows in a gallery in London, in Soho,

我们将伦敦苏荷的 一家画廊所有的窗户

with this modern version of stained glass.

都换成了这种现代的彩色玻璃。

So people from the street could come and charge their phones

因此街上的人们能走进来通过窗台

through the window ledges.

给他们的手机充电。

So I'm giving extra functions to objects.

我正在给物体加上额外的功能。

A window doesn't have to be just a window anymore.

窗户也不再仅仅是窗户了。

It can also function as a little power station.

它能变成一个小小的发电站。

So, here I am, talking about how much I love solar,

虽然我在这里大谈我对太阳能的喜爱，

but I don't have solar panels on my roof.

但是我家屋顶却并没有安放太阳能板。

I live in the center of Amsterdam,

我住在阿姆斯特丹的市中心，

I don't own the house and it's a monument,

我住的不是自己的房子， 并且它是一座古建，

so it's not possible and not allowed.

所以不能也不被允许安装太阳能。

So how can you make solar cells more accessible and for everyone,

那么如何才能让每个人 都用上太阳能电池，

and not only for the people that can afford a sustainable lifestyle?

而不仅仅是那些负担得起 可持续生活方式的人？

We now have the opportunity

我们现在有机会

to integrate solar on the place where we directly need it.

将太阳能运用在我们直接需要的地方。

And there are so many amazing technologies out there.

并且已经拥有了很多很棒的技术。

If I look around now, I see every surface as an opportunity.

我现在放眼望去， 看到每个表面都是机会。

For example, I was driving in the train through the Westland,

例如，我正坐火车穿过韦斯特兰，

the area in the Netherlands with all the greenhouses.

荷兰的所有温室都位于这一地区。

There I saw all this glass and thought,

我在这里看到这些玻璃然后就在想，

what if we integrate those with transparent solar glass?

如果我们将这些都换成 透明的太阳能玻璃会怎样？

What if we integrate traditional farming

如果我们将需要很多能量的

that requires a lot of energy

传统农业

together with high-tech and combine those?

与高科技相结合会是怎样？

With this idea in mind, I created Power Plant.

带着脑海中的这些想法， 我创建了 Power Plant。

I had a team of architects and engineers,

我有一支建筑师和工程师组成的团队，

but let me first explain how it works.

但是让我先介绍一下它是怎么运作的。

We use transparent solar glass

我们利用透明的太阳能玻璃

to power its indoor climate.

来提升室内的温度。

We use hydroponics that pumps around nutrified water,

我们使用水栽法， 用水泵来提供营养水，

saving 90 percent of water usage.

可以节省 90% 的用水量。

By stacking up in layers, you are able to grow more yield per square meter.

通过层层堆叠， 每平方米的产量得到了提升。

Extra light, besides sunlight, coming from these colored LED lights

除阳光外，这些彩色 LED 灯提供的额外光源，

also enhances plant growth.

也能促进植物的生长。

As more and more people will live in big cities,

随着越来越多的人住进大城市，

by placing Power Plants on the rooftops

通过在屋顶安装 Power Plant

you don't have to fly it in from the other side of the world,

你不必再从地球的另一端 将绿植空运过来，

you are able to grow it on the location itself.

你可以直接种植它们。

Well, the big dream is to build these in off-grid places --

当然我最大的梦想是 将它建在离网的地方，

where there's no access to water, electricity --

那里没有水和电，

as an independent ecosystem.

它自成一个独立的生态系统。

For this year's Design Biennial,

为了今年的设计双年展，

I created the first four-meter high model of the power plant,

我建造了首个 4 米高的 Power Plant 模型，

so you could come in and experience how plants grow.

你可以过来感受一下 植物是如何生长的。

So it's a double harvest of sunlight,

它能够双重利用太阳光，

so both for the solar cells and for the plants.

既能为太阳能电池， 又能为植物本身捕获能量。

It's like a future botanical garden,

这看起来就像是一个未来的植物园。

where we celebrate all these modern technologies.

我们在这里为所有 这些现代的技术而欢呼。

And the biggest compliment I got was, "But where are the solar panels?"

而我获得的最大称赞 就是“太阳能板在哪？”

And that's when I think design really works,

我认为只有当它变得无形， 你注意不到它的存在时，

when it becomes invisible and you don't notice it.

设计才算是真正发挥作用了。

I believe in solar democracy:

我信仰太阳能民主：

solar energy for everyone, everywhere.

人人可用太阳能，处处能用太阳能。

My aim is to make all surfaces productive.

我的目标是让所有的 表面能被高效利用。

I want to build houses where all the windows, curtains, walls,

我想建造出所有的窗户、窗帘、墙壁，

even floors are harvesting electricity.

甚至地板都能发电的房子。

Think about this on a big scale:

放眼一下：

in cities, there are so many surfaces.

在城市中，有如此多的表面。

The sun is still available for everyone.

每个人都仍能被太阳光普照。

And by integrating solar on the place where we need it,

并且通过将太阳能 导到我们需要的地方，

we now have the opportunity to make solar cells accessible for everyone.

我们现在有机会让每个人 都拥有太阳能电池。

I want to bring solar close to the people with you,

我想将太阳能带到每个人的身边，

but beautiful and well designed.

而且是美观的，精心设计过的。

Thank you.

谢谢。