Kim Gorgens: Protecting the brain against concussion

翻译人员: L Y 校对人员: Angelia King

So, a funny thing happened

有意思的事情发生了，

on my way to becoming a brilliant, world-class neuropsychologist:

在我变成

世界级著名的神经心理学家的过程中：

我怀孕了。

I had a baby.

这不是说

And that's not to say

I ever went on to become a brilliant, world-class neuropsychologist.

我曾为了成为

一个世界级著名的神经心理学家。

Sorry, TED.

对不起TED。

But I did go on to be a reasonably astute,

但是我成为了一个足够敏锐，

arguably world-class worrier.

可以说是世界级的杞人忧天者。

One of my girlfriends in graduate school, Marie,

我在研究生学校的一个女伴，Marie，

said, "Kim, I figured it out.

说，“Kim，我发现了。

这不是因为你比其他人更神经质，

It's not that you're more neurotic than everyone else;

it's just that you're more honest about how neurotic you are."

而是你更诚实

看待自己的神经质。”

So in the spirit of full disclosure,

所以在这种论调下，

我带来了一些照片来分享。

I brought some pictures to share.

恩。

Awwww.

(Laughter)

我要说，七月大的孩子。

I'll just say: July.

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Zip!

这个

(Laughter)

为了安全。

For safety.

(Laughter)

Water wings --

水在流动 -

an inch of water.

一英尺的水。

And then, finally, all suited up

然后，最终，全副武装

for the 90-minute drive to Copper Mountain.

为了到Copper山的90分钟车程。

So you can get kind of a feel for this.

所以你能感觉到大概的意思。

So my baby, Vander, is eight years old now.

所以我的孩子，Vander，

现在8岁了。

And, despite being cursed with my athletic inability,

同我缺乏运动能力

相比，

he plays soccer.

他踢足球。

He's interested in playing football.

他对橄榄球感兴趣。

He wants to learn how to ride a unicycle.

他还想要骑独轮车。

So why would I worry?

所以我为什么要担忧呢？

Because this is what I do. This is what I teach.

因为这是我研究的领域和我教授的东西。

It's what I study. It's what I treat.

这也是我所学习和要解决的问题。

And I know that kids get concussed every year.

而且我知道每年都会有儿童遭受脑震荡。

In fact, more than four million people sustain a concussion every year,

事实上，每年超过四百万的人遭受脑震荡，

并且这只是14岁以下的儿童

and these data are just among kids under 14

who were seen in emergency rooms.

在紧急救护室的数据。

And so when kids sustain a concussion,

所以当儿童遭受脑震荡，

we talk about them getting dinged or getting their bell rung,

我们告诉他们要注意，

but what is it that we're really talking about?

但是我们究竟在说些什么呢？

Let's take a look.

现在请看。

[Concussive Force]

对。可以说是“警界双雄”场景。是的。

"Starsky and Hutch"? Arguably, yes.

一场车祸。

So, a car accident.

每小时40英里的速度装上库顶的围栏 -

Forty miles an hour into a fixed barrier:

对脑颅撞击力是35克数指。

35 Gs.

一个重量级的拳击手

A heavyweight boxer punches you straight in the face:

重重地打在你的脸上 -

58 Gs.

58克撞击力。

(Music)

In case you missed it, we'll look again.

如果你没注意，我们再看一遍。

所以看屏幕的右边。

So look to the right-hand side of the screen.

(Music)

What would you say?

你会说什么呢？

How many Gs?

多少克？

接近了。

Close.

72克。

Seventy-two?

Would it be crazy to know:

是不是很惊讶得知道呢，

103克。

103 Gs?

The average concussive impact

平均的脑震荡的撞击力

is 95 Gs.

是95克。

Now, when the kid on the right doesn't get up,

现在，当右边的孩子没起来，

我们知道他们发生了脑震荡。

we know they've had a concussion.

But how about the kid on the left,

但是左边的孩子呢，

or the athlete that leaves the field of play?

或者是离开场地的运动员呢？

我们怎么知道

How do we know if he or she has sustained a concussion?

他或者她是否也遭受了脑震荡呢？

How do we know

我们怎么知道

that legislation that would require they be pulled from play,

法律要求他们停止比赛，

cleared for return to play,

直到恢复才能继续比赛，

applies to them?

适用于他们？

The definition of concussion

脑震荡的定义

doesn't actually require a loss of consciousness.

事实上并不需要失去意识。

It requires only a change in consciousness,

它只需要意识的变化，

and that can be any one or a number of symptoms,

可以是如下的症状，

including feeling foggy, feeling dizzy,

包括感觉模糊，眩晕，

hearing a ringing in your ear,

耳朵里有响声，

being more impulsive or hostile than usual.

比平常更冲动或具有敌意。

So given all of that and given how darn neurotic I am,

所以由于这些和我的神经质都有关，

我怎么能睡得着呢？

how do I get any sleep at all?

Because I know our brains are resilient.

因为我知道

我们的大脑具有恢复性。

它们被设计可自行从受伤中恢复

They're designed to recover from an injury.

。

If -- God forbid --

如果，上帝禁止，

any of us left here tonight and sustained a concussion,

我们之中的人今晚离开这里并且遭受脑震荡，

我们当中的大多数可以完全恢复

most of us would go on to fully recover inside of a couple hours

在几个小时

to a couple of weeks.

到几个星期内。

But kids are more vulnerable to brain injury.

但是儿童更易发生脑损伤。

In fact, high-school athletes are three times more likely

事实上，高中的运动员比起大学生更有三倍的可能性

to sustain catastrophic injuries

遭受巨大的损伤

，

relative even to their college-age peers,

and it takes them longer to return to a symptom-free baseline.

并且他们需要更长的时间

来恢复。

在第一次损伤之后，

After that first injury,

他们第二次损伤的风险

their risk for second injury is exponentially greater.

指数会增大。

通过那数据，他们第三次损伤的概率

From there, their risk for a third injury, greater still, and so on.

更大，以此类推。

现在这是很严峻的情况：

And here's the really alarming part:

We don't fully understand the long-term impact of multiple injuries.

我们完全不知道

多次损伤的长期影响。

你们可能熟悉这个

You guys may be familiar with this research

由NFL进行的研究。

that's coming out of the NFL.

在小范围内，

In a nutshell, this research suggests that,

这个研究表明

among retired NFL players with three or more career concussions,

在退役的NFL运动员中

有三次或更多次职业性的脑震荡，

the incidence of early-onset dementing disease

早期痴呆症的概率

is much greater than it is for the general population.

比普通人更大。

所以你们都看过这个 - 纽约时报，你看到了。

So you've all seen that -- New York Times, you've seen it.

What you may not be familiar with

你们可能不熟悉的是

is that this research was spearheaded by NFL wives who said,

NFL队员的妻子们倡导这个研究

说，

"Isn't it weird that my 46-year-old husband

“我46岁的丈夫

is forever losing his keys?"

总是丢钥匙，是不是很奇怪？

"Isn't it weird that my 47-year-old husband

我47岁的丈夫

is forever losing the car?"

以老认不出自家车，是不是很奇怪？

"Isn't it weird that my 48-year-old husband

我48岁的丈夫

is forever losing his way home

驱车而行，总是记不得回家的路，

是不是很奇怪？”

in the car, from the driveway?"

所以我差点忘记说

I may have forgotten to mention that my son is an only child.

我的儿子只是个孩子。

所以这更加重要

So it's going to be really important

that he be able to drive me around someday.

他能够在将来开车带着我。

(Laughter)

So, how do we guarantee the safety of our kids?

所以我们怎么能够保证我们孩子的安全呢？

How can we 100 percent guarantee the safety of our kids?

我们怎么能够百分之百

保证我们孩子的安全？

Let me tell you what I've come up with.

让我告诉你们我想的。

（笑声）

(Laughter)

If only.

但愿如此。

My little boy's right there, and he's like, "She's not kidding.

那个小孩在这里，他像是说，“她没在开玩笑。

她真的没在开玩笑。”

She's totally not kidding."

So in all seriousness:

所以很严肃地，

我的孩子应当玩橄榄球吗？

Should my kid play football?

Should your kid play football?

你们的孩子应当玩橄榄球吗？我不知道。

I don't know.

But I do know there are three things you can do.

但是我知道有三件事你们能做。

The first: study up.

第一，学习。

You have to be familiar with the issues we're talking about today.

你们需要熟悉我们今天讨论的东西。

There are some great resources out there.

这里有一些很好的资源。

The CDC has a program, HEADS UP.

美国疾病控制与预防中心有个项目，预防脑震荡警告。

It's at CDC.gov.

这在CDC.gov的网站上。

HEADS UP is specific to concussion in kids.

预防脑震荡警告专门针对儿童的脑震荡。

The second is a resource I'm personally really proud of.

对于这第二个资源，我很自豪。

我们在过去几个月完成了这个 -

We've just rolled this out in the last couple months --

预防儿童的脑损伤。

CO Kids With Brain Injury.

This is a great resource for student athletes,

这对学生运动员，

老师，家长，专家，

teachers, parents, professionals, athletic and coaching staff.

职业运动员和教练来说，都是很好的资源。

It's a great place to start if you have questions.

如果你有问题的话，

这是一个可以帮助的地方。

第二件事是说出来。

The second thing is: speak up.

就在两周前，

Just two weeks ago,

a bill introduced by Senator Kefalas

一个由参议院Kefalas提交的法案

that would have required athletes, kids under 18,

要求

运动员，儿童，在18岁下

to wear a helmet when they're riding their bike,

在骑自行车时戴上头盔，

died in committee.

这法案在委员会被否决了。

It died, in large part,

被否决主要是

because it lacked constituent buy-in;

因为它缺乏选民的支持，

it lacked stakeholder traction.

它缺乏资本家的支持。

Now, I'm not here to tell you

现在我不是说什么样的立法

what kind of legislation you should or shouldn't support,

你们应当，或不应当，支持，

but I am going to tell you that, if it matters to you,

但是我要告诉你们，如果这和你们相关，

your legislators need to know that.

你们的立法者应当知道这些。

Speak up also with coaching staff.

同样包括教练组成员去代言。

Ask about what kind of protective equipment is available.

询问有什么样的保护设施。

What's the budget for protective equipment?

保护设施的预算是多少？

How old it is?

使用时间多久了？

Maybe offer to spearhead a fundraiser to buy new gear.

可能要去寻找资金

去买新的设备。

Which brings us to: suit up.

让我们准备好行装，

戴上头盔。

Wear a helmet.

The only way to prevent a bad outcome

阻止坏结果发生的唯一途径是

is to prevent that first injury from happening.

防止第一次伤害的发生。

Recently, one of my graduate students, Tom, said,

最近，我的一个研究生，汤姆，

他说，

"Kim, I've decided to wear a bike helmet on the way to class."

“Kim，我决定在上课的途中带上自行车头盔

。”

And Tom knows that that little bit of foam in a bike helmet

并且汤姆知道在自行车头盔的小海绵

can reduce the g-force of impact by half.

能够减少撞击力的克数值一半。

Now, I thought it was because I have this totally compelling helmet crusade,

现在我觉得这是

由于我强力地倡导带头盔，

this epiphany of Tom's.

对，汤姆领悟到了。

As it turns out, it occurred to Tom that a $20 helmet

这表明，对汤姆而言，20块钱的头盔

is a good way to protect a $100,000 graduate education.

就能保护他继续10万元研究生教育，这再好不过了。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

So ...

所以，Vander要不要玩橄榄球？

Should Vander play football?

我不能说不，

I can't say no,

but I can guarantee that every time he leaves the house,

但是我能保证

每次他离开家

that kid's wearing a helmet --

都戴上头盔 -

like, to the car,

像在汽车里，

or at school.

或是在学校。

So whether athlete, scholar,

所以不论运动员，学者，

过度保护的孩子，神经质的母亲，

overprotected kid, neurotic mom,

or otherwise,

或是其它的，

here's my baby, Vander,

这是我的孩子，Vander，

reminding you

提醒你们

to mind your matter.

要关心你们预防脑震荡的事情-戴头盔。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）