Kim Gorgens: Protecting the brain against concussion

譯者: sting Qiu 審譯者: Jenny Yang

So, a funny thing happened

有意思的事情發生了，

on my way to becoming a brilliant, world-class neuropsychologist:

在我變成

世界級著名的神經心理學家的過程中：

我懷孕了

I had a baby.

這不是說

And that's not to say

I ever went on to become a brilliant, world-class neuropsychologist.

我真的成了一個傑出的

世界級著名的神經心理學家

Sorry, TED.

對不起TED

But I did go on to be a reasonably astute,

但是我成為了一個足夠敏銳

arguably world-class worrier.

可以說是世界級的杞人憂天者

One of my girlfriends in graduate school, Marie,

我在研究生學校的一個女伴，Marie

said, "Kim, I figured it out.

說，“Kim，我發現了

這不是因為你比其他人更神經質

It's not that you're more neurotic than everyone else;

it's just that you're more honest about how neurotic you are."

而是你更誠實

地看待自己的神經質

So in the spirit of full disclosure,

所以在這種論調下

我帶來了一些照片來分享

I brought some pictures to share.

恩

Awwww.

(Laughter)

我只說，七月

I'll just say: July.

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Zip!

這個

(Laughter)

為了安全。

For safety.

(Laughter)

Water wings --

水在流動

an inch of water.

一英尺的水

And then, finally, all suited up

然後，最終，全副武裝

for the 90-minute drive to Copper Mountain.

為了到Copper山的90分鐘車程

So you can get kind of a feel for this.

所以你能感覺到大概的意思

So my baby, Vander, is eight years old now.

所以我的孩子，Vander

現在8歲了

And, despite being cursed with my athletic inability,

同我缺乏運動能力

不同

he plays soccer.

他踢足球

He's interested in playing football.

他對橄欖球感興趣

He wants to learn how to ride a unicycle.

他還想要騎獨輪車。

So why would I worry?

所以我為什麽要擔憂呢？

Because this is what I do. This is what I teach.

因為這是我研究的領域和我教授的東西。

It's what I study. It's what I treat.

這也是我所學習和要解決的問題。

And I know that kids get concussed every year.

我知道每年都會有兒童遭受腦震蕩。

In fact, more than four million people sustain a concussion every year,

事實上，每年超過四百萬的人遭受腦震蕩，

並且這只是14歲以下的兒童

and these data are just among kids under 14

who were seen in emergency rooms.

在緊急救護室的數據。

And so when kids sustain a concussion,

所以當兒童遭受腦震蕩，

we talk about them getting dinged or getting their bell rung,

我們告訴他們要註意，

but what is it that we're really talking about?

但是我們究竟在說些什麽呢？

Let's take a look.

現在請看。

[Concussive Force]

對。可以說是“警界雙雄”場景。是的。

"Starsky and Hutch"? Arguably, yes.

一場車禍。

So, a car accident.

每小時40英裏的速度裝上庫頂的圍欄 -

Forty miles an hour into a fixed barrier:

對腦顱撞擊力是35克數指。

35 Gs.

一個重量級的拳擊手

A heavyweight boxer punches you straight in the face:

重重地打在你的臉上 -

58 Gs.

58克撞擊力。

(Music)

In case you missed it, we'll look again.

如果你沒註意，我們再看一遍。

所以看屏幕的右邊。

So look to the right-hand side of the screen.

(Music)

What would you say?

你會說什麽呢？

How many Gs?

多少克？

接近了。

Close.

72克。

Seventy-two?

Would it be crazy to know:

如果我告訴你答案你會很震驚吧

103克。

103 Gs?

The average concussive impact

平均的腦震蕩的撞擊力

is 95 Gs.

是95克。

Now, when the kid on the right doesn't get up,

現在，當右邊的孩子沒起來，

我們知道他們發生了腦震蕩。

we know they've had a concussion.

But how about the kid on the left,

但是左邊的孩子呢，

or the athlete that leaves the field of play?

或者是離開場地的運動員呢？

我們怎麽知道

How do we know if he or she has sustained a concussion?

他或者她是否也遭受了腦震蕩呢？

How do we know

我們怎麽知道

that legislation that would require they be pulled from play,

法律要求他們停止比賽，

cleared for return to play,

直到恢復才能繼續比賽，

applies to them?

適用於他們？

The definition of concussion

腦震蕩的定義

doesn't actually require a loss of consciousness.

事實上並不需要失去意識。

It requires only a change in consciousness,

它只需要意識的變化，

and that can be any one or a number of symptoms,

可以是如下的癥狀，

including feeling foggy, feeling dizzy,

包括感覺模糊，眩暈，

hearing a ringing in your ear,

耳朵裏有響聲，

being more impulsive or hostile than usual.

比平常更沖動或具有敵意。

So given all of that and given how darn neurotic I am,

所以由於這些和我的神經質都有關，

我怎麽能睡得著呢？

how do I get any sleep at all?

Because I know our brains are resilient.

因為我知道

我們的大腦具有恢復性。

它們被設計可自行從受傷中恢復

They're designed to recover from an injury.

。

If -- God forbid --

如果，上帝禁止，

any of us left here tonight and sustained a concussion,

我們之中的人今晚離開這裏並且遭受腦震蕩，

我們當中的大多數可以完全恢復

most of us would go on to fully recover inside of a couple hours

在幾個小時

to a couple of weeks.

到幾個星期內。

But kids are more vulnerable to brain injury.

但是兒童更易發生腦損傷。

In fact, high-school athletes are three times more likely

事實上，高中的運動員更可能

to sustain catastrophic injuries

遭受巨大的損傷

機率是大學生的三倍

relative even to their college-age peers,

and it takes them longer to return to a symptom-free baseline.

並且他們需要更長的時間

來恢復。

在第一次損傷之後，

After that first injury,

他們第二次損傷的風險

their risk for second injury is exponentially greater.

指數會增大。

通過那數據，他們第三次損傷的概率

From there, their risk for a third injury, greater still, and so on.

更大，以此類推。

現在這是很嚴峻的情況：

And here's the really alarming part:

We don't fully understand the long-term impact of multiple injuries.

我們完全不知道

多次損傷的長期影響。

你們可能熟悉這個

You guys may be familiar with this research

由NFL進行的研究。

that's coming out of the NFL.

简单说来，

In a nutshell, this research suggests that,

這個研究表明

among retired NFL players with three or more career concussions,

在退役的NFL運動員中

有三次或更多次職業性的腦震蕩，

the incidence of early-onset dementing disease

早期癡呆癥的概率

is much greater than it is for the general population.

比普通人更大。

所以你們都看過這個 - 紐約時報，你看到了。

So you've all seen that -- New York Times, you've seen it.

What you may not be familiar with

你們可能不熟悉的是

is that this research was spearheaded by NFL wives who said,

NFL隊員的妻子們倡導這個研究

說，

"Isn't it weird that my 46-year-old husband

“我46歲的丈夫

is forever losing his keys?"

總是丟鑰匙，是不是很奇怪？

"Isn't it weird that my 47-year-old husband

我47歲的丈夫

is forever losing the car?"

以老認不出自家車，是不是很奇怪？

"Isn't it weird that my 48-year-old husband

我48歲的丈夫

is forever losing his way home

驅車而行，總是記不得回家的路，

是不是很奇怪？”

in the car, from the driveway?"

所以我差點忘記說

I may have forgotten to mention that my son is an only child.

我的兒子只是個孩子。

所以這更加重要

So it's going to be really important

that he be able to drive me around someday.

他能夠在將來開車帶著我。

(Laughter)

So, how do we guarantee the safety of our kids?

所以我們怎麽能夠保證我們孩子的安全呢？

How can we 100 percent guarantee the safety of our kids?

我們怎麽能夠百分之百

保證我們孩子的安全？

Let me tell you what I've come up with.

讓我告訴你們我想的。

（笑聲）

(Laughter)

If only.

但願如此。

My little boy's right there, and he's like, "She's not kidding.

那個小孩在這裏，他像是說，“她沒在開玩笑。

她真的沒在開玩笑。”

She's totally not kidding."

So in all seriousness:

所以很嚴肅地，

我的孩子應當玩橄欖球嗎？

Should my kid play football?

Should your kid play football?

你們的孩子應當玩橄欖球嗎？我不知道。

I don't know.

But I do know there are three things you can do.

但是我知道有三件事你們能做。

The first: study up.

第一，學習。

You have to be familiar with the issues we're talking about today.

你們需要熟悉我們今天討論的東西。

There are some great resources out there.

這裏有一些很好的資源。

The CDC has a program, HEADS UP.

美國疾病控制與預防中心有個項目，預防腦震蕩警告。

It's at CDC.gov.

這在CDC.gov的網站上。

HEADS UP is specific to concussion in kids.

預防腦震蕩警告專門針對兒童的腦震蕩。

The second is a resource I'm personally really proud of.

對於這第二個資源，我很自豪。

我們在過去幾個月完成了這個 -

We've just rolled this out in the last couple months --

預防兒童的腦損傷。

CO Kids With Brain Injury.

This is a great resource for student athletes,

這對學生運動員，

老師，家長，專家，

teachers, parents, professionals, athletic and coaching staff.

職業運動員和教練來說，都是很好的資源。

It's a great place to start if you have questions.

如果你有問題的話，

這是一個可以幫助的地方。

第二件事是說出來。

The second thing is: speak up.

就在兩周前，

Just two weeks ago,

a bill introduced by Senator Kefalas

一個由參議院Kefalas提交的法案

that would have required athletes, kids under 18,

要求

運動員，兒童，在18歲下

to wear a helmet when they're riding their bike,

在騎自行車時戴上頭盔，

died in committee.

這法案在委員會被否決了。

It died, in large part,

被否決主要是

because it lacked constituent buy-in;

因為它缺乏選民的支持，

it lacked stakeholder traction.

它缺乏投票人的支持。

Now, I'm not here to tell you

現在我不是說什麽樣的立法

what kind of legislation you should or shouldn't support,

你們應當，或不應當，支持，

but I am going to tell you that, if it matters to you,

但是我要告訴你們，如果這和你們相關，

your legislators need to know that.

你們的立法者應當知道這些。

Speak up also with coaching staff.

同樣包括教練組成員去代言。

Ask about what kind of protective equipment is available.

詢問有什麽樣的保護設施。

What's the budget for protective equipment?

保護設施的預算是多少？

How old it is?

使用時間多久了？

Maybe offer to spearhead a fundraiser to buy new gear.

可能要去尋找資金

去買新的設備。

Which brings us to: suit up.

讓我們準備好行裝，

戴上頭盔。

Wear a helmet.

The only way to prevent a bad outcome

阻止壞結果發生的唯一途徑是

is to prevent that first injury from happening.

防止第一次傷害的發生。

Recently, one of my graduate students, Tom, said,

最近，我的一個研究生，湯姆，

他說，

"Kim, I've decided to wear a bike helmet on the way to class."

“Kim，我決定在上課的途中帶上自行車頭盔

。”

And Tom knows that that little bit of foam in a bike helmet

並且湯姆知道在自行車頭盔的小海綿

can reduce the g-force of impact by half.

能夠減少撞擊力的克數值一半。

Now, I thought it was because I have this totally compelling helmet crusade,

現在我覺得這是

由於我強力地倡導帶頭盔，

this epiphany of Tom's.

對，湯姆領悟到了。

As it turns out, it occurred to Tom that a $20 helmet

這表明，對湯姆而言，20塊錢的頭盔

is a good way to protect a $100,000 graduate education.

就能保護他繼續10萬元研究生教育，這再好不過了。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

So ...

所以，Vander要不要玩橄欖球？

Should Vander play football?

我不能說不，

I can't say no,

but I can guarantee that every time he leaves the house,

但是我能保證

每次他離開家

that kid's wearing a helmet --

都戴上頭盔 -

like, to the car,

像在汽車裏，

or at school.

或是在學校。

So whether athlete, scholar,

所以不論運動員，學者，

過度保護的孩子，神經質的母親，

overprotected kid, neurotic mom,

or otherwise,

或是其它的，

here's my baby, Vander,

這是我的孩子，Vander，

reminding you

提醒你們

to mind your matter.

要關心你們預防腦震蕩的事情-戴頭盔。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）