Charles Hazlewood: Trusting the ensemble

翻译人员: Chunxiang Qian 校对人员: Xiaoqiao Xie

I am a conductor,

我是个指挥家

and I'm here today

今天我要谈的

to talk to you about trust.

是信任问题

My job depends upon it.

这对我的工作很重要

There has to be, between me and the orchestra,

我和乐队间必须有信任

an unshakable bond of trust,

建立在互相尊重基础上的

born out of mutual respect,

牢不可破的信任

through which we can spin a musical narrative

我们坚信这是我们一起音乐创作的

that we all believe in.

基石

Now in the old days, conducting, music making,

以前，指挥，谱曲

was less about trust and more, frankly, about coercion.

跟信任没有太大关系，而是强迫性的

Up to and around about the Second World War,

大概是二战期间

conductors were invariably dictators --

指挥家总是独裁者

these tyrannical figures

这些独裁者们

who would rehearse, not just the orchestra as a whole, but individuals within it,

不仅彩排乐队

within an inch of their lives.

也控制了所有成员，和他们的生活点滴

But I'm happy to say now that the world has moved on,

但我很高兴今天是世界已经不同了

music has moved on with it.

音乐也是如此

We now have a more democratic view and way of making music --

如今我们创作音乐的视角和方法更加民主

a two-way street.

是双向通道

I, as the conductor, have to come to the rehearsal with a cast-iron sense

作为指挥家的我要在彩排之前就对

of the outer architecture of that music,

曲子的大体结构一清二楚

within which there is then immense personal freedom

在此架构内乐团的成员可以

for the members of the orchestra to shine.

自由地注入他们自己的理解

For myself, of course,

对我自己而言

I have to completely trust my body language.

我必须完全坚信我的肢体语言

That's all I have at the point of sale.

因为这是我所有的卖点了

It's silent gesture.

无声的语言

I can hardly bark out instructions while we're playing.

演奏的时候我很少喊指示

(Music)

（音乐）

Ladies and gentlemen, the Scottish Ensemble.

女士们先生们，苏格兰乐队

(Applause)

（掌声）

So in order for all this to work,

为了一切顺利

obviously I have got to be in a position of trust.

我必须心怀信任

I have to trust the orchestra,

必须信任乐队

and, even more crucially, I have to trust myself.

更关键的我必须信任自己

Think about it: when you're in a position of not trusting,

试想一下：如果你处在没有信任的状况下

what do you do?

会怎么做？

You overcompensate.

你会过犹不及

And in my game, that means you overgesticulate.

在我的游戏里就是太多地指手画脚

You end up like some kind of rabid windmill.

就像疯狂转动的风车一样

And the bigger your gesture gets,

你的动作越大

the more ill-defined, blurry

对乐队来说反而越不明白越模糊

and, frankly, useless it is to the orchestra.

简单说就是毫无是处

You become a figure of fun. There's no trust anymore, only ridicule.

你就是个搞笑的角色。没有信任只有荒诞

And I remember at the beginning of my career,

我记得事业初期

again and again, on these dismal outings with orchestras,

在一次又一次跟乐队成员的出演中

I would be going completely insane on the podium,

我在指挥台上几欲抓狂

trying to engender a small scale crescendo really,

我只是想要一个小高潮

just a little upsurge in volume.

只是音量的稍稍提高

Bugger me, they wouldn't give it to me.

他们就是不给面子

I spent a lot of time in those early years

那些年里我常常独坐在更衣室里

weeping silently in dressing rooms.

静静啜泣

And how futile seemed the words of advice to me

英国大牌指挥家科林･戴维斯爵士给我的建议

from great British veteran conductor Sir Colin Davis

仿佛一点用都没有

who said, "Conducting, Charles,

他说：“查尔斯，指挥家

is like holding a small bird in your hand.

就像手握一只小鸟

If you hold it too tightly, you crush it.

握太紧，会捏死它

If you hold it too loosely, it flies away."

握太松，鸟就飞了。”

I have to say, in those days, I couldn't really even find the bird.

不得不说那时候我还没找到这只鸟

Now a fundamental

对我来说

and really viscerally important experience for me, in terms of music,

一个至关重要触及内心的音乐经历

has been my adventures in South Africa,

是在南非

the most dizzyingly musical country on the planet in my view,

在我看来南非是世界上在音乐上最惊人的国家

but a country which, through its musical culture,

这个国家通过其音乐文化

has taught me one fundamental lesson:

给我上了重要一课

that through music making

就是通过音乐创作

can come deep levels

可以触及到

of fundamental life-giving trust.

能够赋予生命的信任

Back in 2000, I had the opportunity to go to South Africa

2000年我去南非

to form a new opera company.

创立一个歌剧公司

So I went out there, and I auditioned,

我去试镜招人

mainly in rural township locations, right around the country.

在全国城乡地区招募

I heard about 2,000 singers

从2000个歌手里

and pulled together a company

我挑选了最惊为天人的40个

of 40 of the most jaw-droppingly amazing young performers,

组成了公司

the majority of whom were black,

大部分人都是黑人

but there were a handful of white performers.

有一些白人

Now it emerged early on in the first rehearsal period

从第一场彩排就出现了问题

that one of those white performers

一个白人

had, in his previous incarnation,

曾经是

been a member of the South African police force.

南非一名警察

And in the last years of the old regime,

以前的时候

he would routinely be detailed to go into the township

他常常去镇上

to aggress the community.

骚扰居民

Now you can imagine what this knowledge did to the temperature in the room,

你可以想像这会让屋子里

the general atmosphere.

气氛如何

Let's be under no illusions.

让我们实际一点

In South Africa, the relationship most devoid of trust

在南非，最缺乏信任的关系

is that between a white policeman

就是一个白人警察

and the black community.

和黑人社区间的关系

So how do we recover from that, ladies and gentlemen?

诸位，怎样解决这个问题？

Simply through singing.

很简单，歌唱

We sang, we sang,

我们唱啊唱

we sang,

一直唱

and amazingly new trust grew,

信任开始建立起来

and indeed friendship blossomed.

友谊之花盛开

And that showed me such a fundamental truth,

这告诉我们一个重要事实

that music making and other forms of creativity

音乐创作还有其他形式的创作

can so often go to places

可以抵达

where mere words cannot.

语言力所不及的地方

So we got some shows off the ground. We started touring them internationally.

我们开始展露头角 去世界各地演出

One of them was "Carmen."

其中一个就是“卡门”

We then thought we'd make a movie of "Carmen,"

我们接着用“卡门”拍了一部电影

which we recorded and shot outside on location

在开普敦城外一个叫卡雅利沙的镇上

in the township outside Cape Town called Khayelitsha.

我们录制了这部电影

The piece was sung entirely in Xhosa,

全部都是由科萨语演唱

which is a beautifully musical language, if you don't know it.

如果你懂这个语言的话会明白这是个美丽的音乐语言

It's called "U-Carmen e-Khayelitsha" --

这个电影叫"U-Carmen e-Khayelitsha"

literally "Carmen of Khayelitsha."

就是“卡雅利沙的卡门”

I want to play you a tiny clip of it now

我给各位演奏一小段

for no other reason than to give you proof positive

只是想向您展示

that there is nothing tiny about South African music making.

南非的音乐创作是非常伟大的

(Music)

（音乐）

(Applause)

（掌声）

Something which I find utterly enchanting

我感受到了

about South African music making

南非音乐创作中迷人的是

is that it's so free.

其自由性

South Africans just make music really freely.

南非人自由地创造音乐

And I think, in no small way,

我认为主要是

that's due to one fundamental fact:

由于一个重要事实：

they're not bound to a system of notation.

他们不受谱号的约束

They don't read music.

他们从不读音乐

They trust their ears.

他们相信自己的耳朵

You can teach a bunch of South Africans a tune in about five seconds flat.

你只教一个南非人5秒的调子

And then, as if by magic,

然后奇迹般地

they will spontaneously improvise a load of harmony around that tune

他们就能依此即兴创作出和谐的曲子

because they can.

因为他们有这个能力

Now those of us that live in the West, if I can use that term,

如果生活在西方的我们中的音乐人

I think have a much more hidebound attitude or sense of music --

我们有种迂腐守旧的对音乐的态度－

that somehow it's all about skill and systems.

就是音乐全是跟技巧和系统相关

Therefore it's the exclusive preserve

所以我们的音乐都是保守的

of an elite, talented body.

天才和精英

And yet, ladies and gentlemen, every single one of us on this planet

但是，各位，也许世界上每一个人

probably engages with music on a daily basis.

每天都会接触到音乐

And if I can broaden this out for a second,

如果就此说开

I'm willing to bet that every single one of you sitting in this room

我敢打赌这个屋子里的每一个人

would be happy to speak with acuity, with total confidence,

都能针对电影，文学话题

about movies, probably about literature.

充满信心地激烈讨论

But how many of you would be able to make a confident assertion

但是你们能对一段古典音乐表达一些

about a piece of classical music?

确定的描述吗？

Why is this?

为什么？

And what I'm going to say to you now

我想告诉你的是

is I'm just urging you to get over

请克服

this supreme lack of self-confidence,

这种严重的自信缺乏

to take the plunge, to believe that you can trust your ears,

冒个险 去相信你的耳朵

you can hear some of the fundamental muscle tissue,

你可以听到音乐的组织

fiber, DNA,

纤维，DNA

what makes a great piece of music great.

这些是让音乐伟大的东西

I've got a little experiment I want to try with you.

我想跟你们一个做个小实验

Did you know

你知道吗

that TED is a tune?

TED是个调

A very simple tune based on three notes -- T, E, D.

一个基于T，E，D的简单调子

Now hang on a minute.

等一下

I know you're going to say to me, "T doesn't exist in music."

你是不是想说音乐里没有T大调

Well ladies and gentlemen, there's a time-honored system,

不过各位，这个久经时间考验的

which composers have been using for hundreds of years,

被作曲家用了几百年的系统

which proves actually that it does.

证明可以有这个调

If I sing you a musical scale: A, B, C, D, E, F, G --

如果我唱出音阶： A, B, C, D, E, F, G

and I just carry on with the next set of letters in the alphabet, same scale:

只要按照字母表解下去：

H, I, J, K, L, M, N,

H, I, J, K, L, M, N,

O, P, Q, R, S, T -- there you go.

O, P, Q, R, S, T－成啦

T, see it's the same as F in music.

T，音乐里就是F

So T is F.

所以T是F

So T, E, D is the same as F, E, D.

TED就是FED

Now that piece of music that we played at the start of this session

那么这部分开头弹的音乐的

had enshrined in its heart

贯穿始终的主题

the theme, which is TED.

就是TED

Have a listen.

听一下

(Music)

（音乐）

Do you hear it?

听出来了？

Or do I smell some doubt in the room?

有人还心有疑虑是吧？

Okay, we'll play it for you again now,

再弹一遍

and we're going to highlight, we're going to poke out the T, E, D.

给你把TED弄出来

If you'll pardon the expression.

原谅我的表述

(Music)

（音乐）

Oh my goodness me, there it was loud and clear, surely.

天哪，非常清晰了吧

I think we should make this even more explicit.

我觉得能更明白一点

Ladies and gentlemen, it's nearly time for tea.

各位，快到下午茶时间了

Would you reckon you need to sing for your tea, I think?

想不想唱歌？

I think we need to sing for our tea.

我觉得我们应该在下午茶唱歌

We're going to sing those three wonderful notes: T, E, D.

让我们唱这个三个音符：TED

Will you have a go for me?

跟我一起来吧

Audience: T, E, D.

听众：TED

Charles Hazlewood: Yeah, you sound a bit more like cows really than human beings.

查尔斯･海泽伍德：你们听起来更像奶牛而不是人

Shall we try that one again?

再来一遍如何？

And look, if you're adventurous, you go up the octave.

如果是热爱冒险，那就提高八度

T, E, D.

TED

Audience: T, E, D.

观众：TED

CH: Once more with vim. (Audience: T, E, D.)

查尔斯･海泽伍德：再来一遍，有力点 （观众：TED）

There I am like a bloody windmill again, you see.

看见了没我又像个疯狂的风车了

Now we're going to put that in the context of the music.

现在我们讲把它放入音乐中

The music will start, and then at a signal from me, you will sing that.

音乐开始，我给一个手势，你们就可以唱了

(Music)

（音乐）

One more time,

再来一次

with feeling, ladies and gentlemen.

充满感情得

You won't make the key otherwise.

不然就不成调了

Well done, ladies and gentlemen.

很好，各位

It wasn't a bad debut for the TED choir,

TED合唱团的初次登台很不错

not a bad debut at all.

非常好

Now there's a project that I'm initiating at the moment

有个我发起的项目

that I'm very excited about and wanted to share with you,

我很想跟诸位分享

because it is all about changing perceptions,

因为它能让我们抛弃成见

and, indeed, building a new level of trust.

建立新层次的信任

The youngest of my children was born with cerebral palsy,

我最小的孩子生下来是脑瘫

which as you can imagine,

你可以想像

if you don't have an experience of it yourself,

如果自己没有亲身经历过

is quite a big thing to take on board.

很难接受这样的事实

But the gift that my gorgeous daughter has given me,

但是我美好的小女儿带给我的礼物

aside from her very existence,

不仅是她的存在

is that it's opened my eyes to a whole stretch of the community

更是重要的是我由此开始接触一个

that was hitherto hidden,

迄今为止都不了解的群体

the community of disabled people.

残疾人群体

And I found myself looking at the Paralympics and thinking how incredible

当我观看残奥会

how technology's been harnessed to prove beyond doubt

想着科技已经证明

that disability is no barrier

残疾不再是

to the highest levels of sporting achievement.

高水平体育成就的障碍

Of course there's a grimmer side to that truth,

当然这个事实有着惨淡的另一面

which is that it's actually taken decades for the world at large

就是世界用了数十年才认识到

to come to a position of trust,

这个事实的积极一面

to really believe that disability and sports can go together

相信残疾和体育可以

in a convincing and interesting fashion.

以强大说服力和有趣的方式并存

So I find myself asking:

我问道：

where is music in all of this?

音乐在这其中是什么位置？

You can't tell me that there aren't millions of disabled people,

你不能否认，仅仅在英国

in the U.K. alone,

就有上百万的残疾人

with massive musical potential.

他们具备巨大的音乐潜能

So I decided to create a platform for that potential.

所以我决定为这潜质提供一个平台

It's going to be Britain's first ever

这将是英国第一个

national disabled orchestra.

残疾人乐团

It's called Paraorchestra.

叫做帕拉乐团

I'm going to show you a clip now

我将给你们看一段

of the very first improvisation session that we had.

我们的第一个即兴作品的视频

It was a really extraordinary moment.

那是个非同寻常的时刻

Just me and four astonishingly gifted disabled musicians.

我和四个极具天赋的残疾人音乐家

Normally when you improvise --

通常即兴创作的时候－

and I do it all the time around the world --

我在世界各地这么做－

there's this initial period of horror,

开始的时候有点恐惧

like everyone's too frightened to throw the hat into the ring,

就像决定参加比赛前谁都会被吓坏

an awful pregnant silence.

那种吓人的寂静

Then suddenly, as if by magic, bang! We're all in there

接着突然地，像奇迹一般

and it's complete bedlam. You can't hear anything.

我们都像着魔了一样，你什么都听不到

No one's listening. No one's trusting.

没有人在听 没有人信任其他人

No one's responding to each other.

没人应和其他人

Now in this room with these four disabled musicians,

这个屋子里的四位残疾音乐家

within five minutes

将在五分钟内

a rapt listening, a rapt response

以全神贯注的倾听和回应

and some really insanely beautiful music.

创造令人疯狂的每秒音乐

(Video) (Music)

（视频）（音乐）

Nicholas:: My name's Nicholas McCarthy.

尼古拉斯：我叫尼古拉斯･麦卡锡

I'm 22, and I'm a left-handed pianist.

我22岁，是个左手钢琴家

And I was born without my left hand -- right hand.

我生下来就没有左手－右手

Can I do that one again?

我能不能重来啊？

(Music)

（音乐）

Lyn: When I'm making music,

林：当我创作音乐的时候

I feel like a pilot in the cockpit flying an airplane.

我感觉想飞机座舱里的飞行师

I become alive.

重生了一般

(Music)

（音乐）

Clarence: I would rather be able to play an instrument again

克拉伦斯：在能够演奏和能够走路之间

than walk.

我宁愿选择能演奏乐器

There's so much joy and things

弹奏和表演对我来说

I could get from playing an instrument and performing.

无比有趣

It's removed some of my paralysis.

像治愈了我的残疾

(Music)

（音乐）

(Applause)

（掌声）

CH: I only wish that some of those musicians were here with us today,

查尔斯･海泽伍德：我多希望他们今天也能在这儿

so you could see at firsthand how utterly extraordinary they are.

你们就能亲眼看到他们是多么非同寻常

Paraorchestra is the name of that project.

帕拉乐队就是这个项目的名字

If any of you thinks you want to help me in any way

如果你们中的任何人想以任何方式帮助我们

to achieve what is a fairly impossible and implausible dream still at this point,

来实现这个目前还是个不大可能难以置信的梦

please let me know.

请告诉我

Now my parting shot

我的告别表演

comes courtesy of the great Joseph Haydn,

是关于约瑟夫･海登

wonderful Austrian composer in the second half of the 18th century --

他是18世纪下半叶一个伟大的奥地利作曲家

spent the bulk of his life

他和他的乐队

in the employ of Prince Nikolaus Esterhazy, along with his orchestra.

受雇于尼古拉斯･埃司塔哈吉王子

Now this prince loved his music,

这个王子很喜欢他的音乐

but he also loved the country castle that he tended to reside in most of the time,

他也喜欢他一直居住的那个城堡

which is just on the Austro-Hungarian border,

它座落在奥地利匈牙利边境

a place called Esterhazy --

一个叫埃司塔哈吉的地方－

a long way from the big city of Vienna.

离维也纳很远的地方

Now one day in 1772,

1772年的一天

the prince decreed that the musicians' families,

王子谕知音乐家的家人

the orchestral musicians' families,

乐队成员的家人

were no longer welcome in the castle.

不再受他欢迎

They weren't allowed to stay there anymore; they had to be returned to Vienna --

他们不能再住在城堡里，他们必须返回维也纳－

as I say, an unfeasibly long way away in those days.

那可是段遥远的路途

You can imagine, the musicians were disconsolate.

可以想像，音乐家们很伤心

Haydn remonstrated with the prince, but to no avail.

海登向王子抗议，但是没用

So given the prince loved his music,

鉴于王子热爱音乐

Haydn thought he'd write a symphony to make the point.

海登写了一首交响曲来表达他的意愿

And we're going to play just the very tail end of this symphony now.

下面我们将演奏这首交响曲的结尾

And you'll see the orchestra in a kind of sullen revolt.

你能感受到一种阴郁的反抗

I'm pleased to say, the prince did take the tip

我很高兴地说，王子

from the orchestral performance,

从乐队的表演中感受到了

and the musicians were reunited with their families.

乐队成员们能和家人一起了

But I think it sums up my talk rather well, this,

我想这能说明一切了

that where there is trust,

有信任

there is music -- by extension life.

就有音乐－生命的延续

Where there is no trust,

没有信任

the music quite simply withers away.

音乐就会枯萎

(Music)

（音乐）

(Applause)

（掌声）