Charles Hazlewood: Trusting the ensemble

譯者: Regina Chu 審譯者: Wang-Ju Tsai

I am a conductor,

我是一位指揮

and I'm here today

我今天要在這裡

to talk to you about trust.

跟大家談談何為信任

My job depends upon it.

我的工作全靠它

There has to be, between me and the orchestra,

在我與我的樂團間

an unshakable bond of trust,

存在著不可動搖的信任

born out of mutual respect,

這信任源自於互相尊重

through which we can spin a musical narrative

透過它我們可以詮釋出一段

that we all believe in.

彼此都信服的音樂

Now in the old days, conducting, music making,

以往無論是指揮、製作音樂

was less about trust and more, frankly, about coercion.

很少談到信任，說實話以高壓居多

Up to and around about the Second World War,

直到大約二次世界大戰

conductors were invariably dictators --

指揮家都是獨裁者

these tyrannical figures

這些霸王

who would rehearse, not just the orchestra as a whole, but individuals within it,

不只要排練整個樂團，還要干預每一個成員的生活

within an inch of their lives.

到鉅細靡遺的地步

But I'm happy to say now that the world has moved on,

但是我很高興地說這世界在進步

music has moved on with it.

音樂界也跟著進步

We now have a more democratic view and way of making music --

現在我們用更民主的觀點及方式來製作音樂─

a two-way street.

溝通是雙向的

I, as the conductor, have to come to the rehearsal with a cast-iron sense

我身為指揮，在排練時，必須對曲目的整體架構

of the outer architecture of that music,

抱著堅不可摧的信念

within which there is then immense personal freedom

但在其中又要讓樂手能自由地發揮

for the members of the orchestra to shine.

讓他們在表演中綻放光芒

For myself, of course,

當然，對我而言

I have to completely trust my body language.

我一定要完全相信我的肢體語言

That's all I have at the point of sale.

那是我唯一的賣點

It's silent gesture.

它是無聲的手勢

I can hardly bark out instructions while we're playing.

我總不能在演奏中對著我的團員吼叫指令

(Music)

（音樂）

Ladies and gentlemen, the Scottish Ensemble.

各位嘉賓，蘇格蘭合奏團

(Applause)

（掌聲）

So in order for all this to work,

所以為了讓以上的表演成功

obviously I have got to be in a position of trust.

很明顯我一定要站在信賴的立場

I have to trust the orchestra,

我必須相信我的樂團

and, even more crucially, I have to trust myself.

更關鍵的是，我必須相信我自己

Think about it: when you're in a position of not trusting,

想想看，如果你站在不信任的立場

what do you do?

你會怎麼做？

You overcompensate.

你矯枉過正

And in my game, that means you overgesticulate.

在我指揮這一邊，這表示你會做過多的手勢

You end up like some kind of rabid windmill.

結果你看起來像一座轉的很快的風車

And the bigger your gesture gets,

你的手勢愈大

the more ill-defined, blurry

就愈不明確，愈模糊

and, frankly, useless it is to the orchestra.

說實話這對樂團毫無益處

You become a figure of fun. There's no trust anymore, only ridicule.

你變成笑柄，就別談信賴了，只剩下滑稽

And I remember at the beginning of my career,

我還記得在我剛出道時

again and again, on these dismal outings with orchestras,

一次又一次的，在那些慘不忍睹的樂團公演中

I would be going completely insane on the podium,

我站在指揮台上，完全像個瘋子

trying to engender a small scale crescendo really,

想來一段小小的漸強

just a little upsurge in volume.

卻只得到增大一點點的音量

Bugger me, they wouldn't give it to me.

氣死人，他們就是表現不出來

I spent a lot of time in those early years

在那些青澀的年月裡

weeping silently in dressing rooms.

我經常在後台更衣室暗自飲泣

And how futile seemed the words of advice to me

更別說我完全聽不懂

from great British veteran conductor Sir Colin Davis

偉大的英國資深指揮家柯林‧戴維斯爵士的建言

who said, "Conducting, Charles,

他說，「指揮啊，查爾斯，

is like holding a small bird in your hand.

就像在你手中抓一隻小鳥，

If you hold it too tightly, you crush it.

你抓得太緊，就把牠壓碎了；

If you hold it too loosely, it flies away."

你抓得太鬆，牠就飛走了。」

I have to say, in those days, I couldn't really even find the bird.

我必須承認，那些日子，我甚至不知道那隻小鳥在哪

Now a fundamental

現在就音樂經歷而言

and really viscerally important experience for me, in terms of music,

我有一段既基本又真誠又重要的經驗

has been my adventures in South Africa,

來自我在南非的冒險

the most dizzyingly musical country on the planet in my view,

我認為南非是世上最令人目眩神迷的音樂國家

but a country which, through its musical culture,

但也就是這個國家，透過它的音樂文化

has taught me one fundamental lesson:

教了我一個根本的功課

that through music making

就是透過音樂製作

can come deep levels

能讓最基本

of fundamental life-giving trust.

又激發生命力的信任關係進入更深的層次

Back in 2000, I had the opportunity to go to South Africa

回溯到西元2000年，一個機緣我到了南非

to form a new opera company.

去組一個新的歌劇團

So I went out there, and I auditioned,

我到了那裏，並且舉辦甄選

mainly in rural township locations, right around the country.

主要是在一些農村小鎮，鄉下地方

I heard about 2,000 singers

我聽了大約二千位歌手唱歌

and pulled together a company

然後從中選了四十位

of 40 of the most jaw-droppingly amazing young performers,

令人瞠目結舌的年輕表演者組了一個劇團

the majority of whom were black,

絕大部分的團員是黑人

but there were a handful of white performers.

但是也有少數是白人

Now it emerged early on in the first rehearsal period

有個問題在第一次排練時浮上檯面

that one of those white performers

就是其中一位白人

had, in his previous incarnation,

他之前的身分

been a member of the South African police force.

是南非警察的一分子

And in the last years of the old regime,

在種族隔離政策結束前幾年

he would routinely be detailed to go into the township

他很可能是那個接受詳盡的指令

to aggress the community.

定期到鄉間攻擊黑人社群的一員

Now you can imagine what this knowledge did to the temperature in the room,

想像一下這樣的認知對排演場的影響

the general atmosphere.

整體氣氛就怪怪的

Let's be under no illusions.

讓我們面對現實吧

In South Africa, the relationship most devoid of trust

在南非，最不能彼此信賴的兩種人

is that between a white policeman

就是白人警察

and the black community.

與黑人族群

So how do we recover from that, ladies and gentlemen?

所以我們要如何彌補傷痕，各位？

Simply through singing.

很簡單，就是唱歌

We sang, we sang,

我們唱呀，唱呀

we sang,

唱呀

and amazingly new trust grew,

不可思議地唱出了新的信賴

and indeed friendship blossomed.

也唱出了友誼

And that showed me such a fundamental truth,

這顯示了一件再基本不過的事實

that music making and other forms of creativity

就是透過製作音樂或是其他種類的創造力

can so often go to places

常常可以做到

where mere words cannot.

語言做不了的事

So we got some shows off the ground. We started touring them internationally.

所以我們開始公演一些劇碼，也開始國際巡迴演出

One of them was "Carmen."

其中一齣是卡門

We then thought we'd make a movie of "Carmen,"

我們後來覺得應該把這部卡門拍成電影

which we recorded and shot outside on location

我們就在開普敦郊區

in the township outside Cape Town called Khayelitsha.

叫做卡雅利沙的地方錄音及開鏡

The piece was sung entirely in Xhosa,

這部電影全以科薩語唱

which is a beautifully musical language, if you don't know it.

科薩語非常具音樂性，如果你們不知道的話

It's called "U-Carmen e-Khayelitsha" --

這部電影名為「卡雅利莎的卡門」

literally "Carmen of Khayelitsha."

意思就是「從卡雅利莎來的卡門」

I want to play you a tiny clip of it now

現在讓我播一小段影片

for no other reason than to give you proof positive

不為別的，只為了證明

that there is nothing tiny about South African music making.

不能小看南非的音樂製作

(Music)

（音樂）

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Something which I find utterly enchanting

有一件關於南非的音樂製作的事

about South African music making

讓我非常著迷

is that it's so free.

就是，它非常自由

South Africans just make music really freely.

南非人作音樂就是很自由

And I think, in no small way,

而我認為，不是隨便想想而已

that's due to one fundamental fact:

這是基於一個根本的事實

they're not bound to a system of notation.

就是他們不被音樂標記法束縛

They don't read music.

他們不看樂譜

They trust their ears.

他們相信自己的音感

You can teach a bunch of South Africans a tune in about five seconds flat.

你可以用五秒鐘教一群南非人唱一段曲調

And then, as if by magic,

然後，好像變魔術般

they will spontaneously improvise a load of harmony around that tune

他們會很自然的即興唱出合聲

because they can.

因為他們就是可以

Now those of us that live in the West, if I can use that term,

而我們這些西方人，如果我可以用這個詞

I think have a much more hidebound attitude or sense of music --

對音樂有著非常迂腐的觀念，或者說定義

that somehow it's all about skill and systems.

我們以爲，音樂就是技巧與系統

Therefore it's the exclusive preserve

所以這是保留給

of an elite, talented body.

菁英份子，有天分的人的

And yet, ladies and gentlemen, every single one of us on this planet

但是各位，在地球上的每一個人

probably engages with music on a daily basis.

每天都或多或少會跟音樂扯上關係

And if I can broaden this out for a second,

容我放寬角度多說一些

I'm willing to bet that every single one of you sitting in this room

我可以打賭，就是在座的每一位

would be happy to speak with acuity, with total confidence,

都可以興高采烈地高談闊論

about movies, probably about literature.

電影，甚或是文學

But how many of you would be able to make a confident assertion

但是有多少人可以很有信心的評論

about a piece of classical music?

一首古典音樂呢？

Why is this?

為什麼會這樣？

And what I'm going to say to you now

我想要說的是

is I'm just urging you to get over

我鼓勵你們克服

this supreme lack of self-confidence,

這種超級沒自信的感覺

to take the plunge, to believe that you can trust your ears,

就讓我們大膽嘗試一下，相信你可以信任你的音感

you can hear some of the fundamental muscle tissue,

聽到音樂的成分，就像看到基本的肌肉組織

fiber, DNA,

纖維，DNA

what makes a great piece of music great.

那些偉大的音樂之所以偉大的地方

I've got a little experiment I want to try with you.

我想跟你們做一段小小的實驗

Did you know

你們可知

that TED is a tune?

TED 是一段旋律？

A very simple tune based on three notes -- T, E, D.

一段由T、E、D三個音組成，非常簡單的曲調

Now hang on a minute.

等一等

I know you're going to say to me, "T doesn't exist in music."

我知道你要說「沒有 T 這個音」

Well ladies and gentlemen, there's a time-honored system,

是的，各位來賓，有個歷史悠久的系統

which composers have been using for hundreds of years,

作曲家已經用了好幾百年

which proves actually that it does.

可以證明「T」的確存在

If I sing you a musical scale: A, B, C, D, E, F, G --

如果你唱一段音階 A(La) B(Si) C(Do) D(Re) E(Mi) F(Fa) G(Sol) (唱名)

and I just carry on with the next set of letters in the alphabet, same scale:

然後我把下一組的英文字母比照上述音階排列

H, I, J, K, L, M, N,

H(La) I(Si) J(Do) K(Re) L(Mi) M(Fa) N(Sol)

O, P, Q, R, S, T -- there you go.

O(La) P(Si) Q(Do) R(Re) S(Mi) T(Fa)─你看

T, see it's the same as F in music.

T 可以視為 F

So T is F.

所以 T 就是 F(Fa)

So T, E, D is the same as F, E, D.

所以TED可以視為F(Fa)E(Mi)D(Re)

Now that piece of music that we played at the start of this session

我們在開場的時候演奏的那段音樂

had enshrined in its heart

就是從這個主題 TED

the theme, which is TED.

變奏而來

Have a listen.

仔細聽

(Music)

（音樂）

Do you hear it?

聽到了嗎？

Or do I smell some doubt in the room?

還是我聞到了一點懷疑的味道？

Okay, we'll play it for you again now,

好吧，為了你們我們再演奏一次

and we're going to highlight, we're going to poke out the T, E, D.

這次我們要強調，我們會把 T(Fa) E(Mi) D(Re)明顯彈出來

If you'll pardon the expression.

容我們表演一下

(Music)

（音樂）

Oh my goodness me, there it was loud and clear, surely.

喔我的天，真是響亮

I think we should make this even more explicit.

我認為應該讓它更明顯一點

Ladies and gentlemen, it's nearly time for tea.

各位，差不多是午茶時間了

Would you reckon you need to sing for your tea, I think?

你是不是覺得該唱首歌助興，對吧？

I think we need to sing for our tea.

我想我們是該唱首歌來配茶

We're going to sing those three wonderful notes: T, E, D.

我們來唱這三個音吧：T(Fa) E(Mi) D(Re)

Will you have a go for me?

開始

Audience: T, E, D.

觀眾：T(Fa) E(Mi) D(Re)

Charles Hazlewood: Yeah, you sound a bit more like cows really than human beings.

查：唉呀！聽起來比像牛在唱歌，不像人

Shall we try that one again?

再唱一次

And look, if you're adventurous, you go up the octave.

如果你夠大膽你可以高八度唱

T, E, D.

T(Fa) E(Mi) D(Re)

Audience: T, E, D.

觀眾：T(Fa) E(Mi) D(Re)

CH: Once more with vim. (Audience: T, E, D.)

查：再有精神一點。觀眾：T(Fa) E(Mi) D(Re)

There I am like a bloody windmill again, you see.

你看看，我又像那個可怕的風車了

Now we're going to put that in the context of the music.

現在我們把這三個音混在音樂裡

The music will start, and then at a signal from me, you will sing that.

音樂先開始，等我的手勢，你們就開始唱

(Music)

（音樂）

One more time,

再來一次

with feeling, ladies and gentlemen.

有點感情吧，各位

You won't make the key otherwise.

這樣唱不出個所以然的

Well done, ladies and gentlemen.

很好，各位先生女士

It wasn't a bad debut for the TED choir,

TED合唱團初次登場不算太糟

not a bad debut at all.

一點都不糟

Now there's a project that I'm initiating at the moment

現在我要介紹一個目前由我主導的計畫

that I'm very excited about and wanted to share with you,

我對之非常興奮，也很想跟你們分享

because it is all about changing perceptions,

因為它跟改變看法有關

and, indeed, building a new level of trust.

還能建立全新層次的信任

The youngest of my children was born with cerebral palsy,

我最小的孩子一出生就是腦性麻痺

which as you can imagine,

你可以想像一下

if you don't have an experience of it yourself,

如果你對這種病一無所知

is quite a big thing to take on board.

一開始這情況會有多棘手

But the gift that my gorgeous daughter has given me,

但是我那美麗的女兒給我的禮物

aside from her very existence,

除了她的存在以外

is that it's opened my eyes to a whole stretch of the community

還讓我開了眼界，看到了一整個

that was hitherto hidden,

原本是隱藏起來的

the community of disabled people.

身心障礙這個族群

And I found myself looking at the Paralympics and thinking how incredible

我發現，當我觀看傷殘奧運時，覺得這真是不可思議

how technology's been harnessed to prove beyond doubt

科技已經被用到一種地步，可以來證明

that disability is no barrier

無庸置疑地殘障這件事不能阻礙他們

to the highest levels of sporting achievement.

達到運動成就的最高境界

Of course there's a grimmer side to that truth,

當然這件事也有殘酷無情的一面

which is that it's actually taken decades for the world at large

就是這個世界花了幾十年的時間

to come to a position of trust,

才學會站在信任的立場

to really believe that disability and sports can go together

去真正相信殘障與運動可以用一種

in a convincing and interesting fashion.

既具說服力又很有趣的方式連在一起

So I find myself asking:

所以我問我自己

where is music in all of this?

在這些人中有沒有會音樂的？

You can't tell me that there aren't millions of disabled people,

你總不能說在成千上萬的殘障朋友裡

in the U.K. alone,

就說英國就好

with massive musical potential.

找不到非常有音樂潛力的人

So I decided to create a platform for that potential.

所以我決定給這樣的人創造一個平台

It's going to be Britain's first ever

這將是英國有史以來第一個

national disabled orchestra.

國家級的身心障礙者交響樂團

It's called Paraorchestra.

我稱它為「超越交響樂團」

I'm going to show you a clip now

我要播一段影片

of the very first improvisation session that we had.

是我們第一次的即興練習

It was a really extraordinary moment.

那真是非常不平凡的一刻

Just me and four astonishingly gifted disabled musicians.

只有我和四位有著驚人才能的殘障音樂家

Normally when you improvise --

正常情況下當你即興表演─

and I do it all the time around the world --

我在世界巡演中經常這麼作─

there's this initial period of horror,

開始總有段時間會覺得很恐怖

like everyone's too frightened to throw the hat into the ring,

就像玩套圈圈時因為太害怕所以不敢丟出那個圈

an awful pregnant silence.

一種可怕又深長的安靜

Then suddenly, as if by magic, bang! We're all in there

然後突然間，像魔術一樣，變！我們都出手了

and it's complete bedlam. You can't hear anything.

簡直就是個瘋人院，你甚麼都聽不出來

No one's listening. No one's trusting.

沒有聆聽，沒有信任

No one's responding to each other.

彼此之間一點互動都沒有

Now in this room with these four disabled musicians,

但現在在排練室裡，我與這四位殘障音樂家

within five minutes

在五分鐘內

a rapt listening, a rapt response

我們全神貫注地聆聽，全神貫注地互動

and some really insanely beautiful music.

演奏出瘋狂美麗的音樂

(Video) (Music)

（影片）（音樂）

Nicholas:: My name's Nicholas McCarthy.

尼可拉斯：我叫尼可拉斯‧麥卡錫

I'm 22, and I'm a left-handed pianist.

我22歲，是個左手鋼琴家

And I was born without my left hand -- right hand.

我一出生就沒有左手─右手

Can I do that one again?

我可以再錄一次嗎？

(Music)

（音樂）

Lyn: When I'm making music,

玲：當我製作音樂時

I feel like a pilot in the cockpit flying an airplane.

我覺得自己像個在開飛機的機長

I become alive.

我活過來了

(Music)

（音樂）

Clarence: I would rather be able to play an instrument again

克來倫斯：我寧願選擇能夠再彈樂器

than walk.

也不要能再走路

There's so much joy and things

我在彈奏樂器及表演時

I could get from playing an instrument and performing.

非常喜悅又收穫很多

It's removed some of my paralysis.

好像我的癱瘓症狀減輕了

(Music)

（音樂）

(Applause)

（掌聲）

CH: I only wish that some of those musicians were here with us today,

查：我真希望那些音樂家現在就在這裡

so you could see at firsthand how utterly extraordinary they are.

你就能親眼看到他們多麼絕頂出色

Paraorchestra is the name of that project.

「超越交響樂團」是這個計畫的名字

If any of you thinks you want to help me in any way

如果你有感動想幫助我

to achieve what is a fairly impossible and implausible dream still at this point,

來完成至今仍不可能不可行的夢想

please let me know.

請讓我知道

Now my parting shot

現在我的臨別之作

comes courtesy of the great Joseph Haydn,

要拜偉大的海頓之賜

wonderful Austrian composer in the second half of the 18th century --

他是18世紀後半優秀的奧地利作曲家

spent the bulk of his life

他的大半生

in the employ of Prince Nikolaus Esterhazy, along with his orchestra.

都在尼古勞斯親王之下擔任樂團樂長

Now this prince loved his music,

這位親王喜愛海頓的音樂

but he also loved the country castle that he tended to reside in most of the time,

但他也愛他的鄉間城堡，大部分時間他都駐留在那裡

which is just on the Austro-Hungarian border,

這個城堡位於奧匈邊境

a place called Esterhazy --

叫艾斯特哈基的地方─

a long way from the big city of Vienna.

離大都市維也納有一段很遠的距離

Now one day in 1772,

西元1772年某一天

the prince decreed that the musicians' families,

這位親王下旨要樂手的家人

the orchestral musicians' families,

他旗下樂團的樂手家人

were no longer welcome in the castle.

離開他的城堡

They weren't allowed to stay there anymore; they had to be returned to Vienna --

他們不能再住在那裡；他們必須回到維也納

as I say, an unfeasibly long way away in those days.

我剛剛說過，在那個年代這種距離超乎想像的遠

You can imagine, the musicians were disconsolate.

可想而知這些樂手有多憂鬱

Haydn remonstrated with the prince, but to no avail.

海頓向親王抗議無效

So given the prince loved his music,

所以既然親王喜愛他的音樂

Haydn thought he'd write a symphony to make the point.

海頓就想，那就譜一首交響曲來表達不滿吧

And we're going to play just the very tail end of this symphony now.

我們將演奏這首交響曲的最末結尾部分

And you'll see the orchestra in a kind of sullen revolt.

你會看到這個樂團表現一種慍怒的反抗

I'm pleased to say, the prince did take the tip

我很高興地說，這位親王的確

from the orchestral performance,

從樂團的表演中收到了暗示

and the musicians were reunited with their families.

而樂手也得以與家人團聚

But I think it sums up my talk rather well, this,

但我認為這也為我的演講下了美好的總結

that where there is trust,

就是信任在哪

there is music -- by extension life.

音樂就在哪─推而廣之生命也在哪

Where there is no trust,

如果沒有信任

the music quite simply withers away.

音樂也隨之消亡

(Music)

（音樂）

(Applause)

（掌聲）