请双击下面的英文字幕来播放视频。
翻译人员: Wei Wu
校对人员: Yuanqing Edberg
00:12
Vision is the most important
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视觉是我们所有感觉中
00:15
and prioritized sense that we have.
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最重要和最优先的。
00:17
We are constantly looking
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我们在不停地注视着
00:19
at the world around us,
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周围的一切,
00:21
and quickly we identify and make sense
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并且快速的识别和分析
00:23
of what it is that we see.
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我们所看到的事物。
00:25
Let's just start with an example
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让我先举一个例子
00:27
of that very fact.
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来说明这个事实。
00:28
I'm going to show you
a photograph of a person,
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我会让你们花几秒钟时间
00:30
just for a second or two,
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来观看一个人的照片,
00:32
and I'd like for you to identify
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并且请你们辨别出
00:34
what emotion is on his face.
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这个人的表情所代表的情绪。
00:36
Ready?
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准备好了吗?
00:37
Here you go. Go with your gut reaction.
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就是这张,跟随你们的第一感觉,
00:40
Okay. What did you see?
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好了,你们看到了什么?
00:42
Well, we actually surveyed
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事实上我们调查了
00:45
over 120 individuals,
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一百二十多个人,
00:47
and the results were mixed.
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而调查结果很复杂。
00:49
People did not agree
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人们在所看到的情绪上面
00:51
on what emotion they saw on his face.
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并没有达成共识。
00:54
Maybe you saw discomfort.
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可能你看到了不安,
00:56
That was the most frequent response
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这是我们收到的
00:58
that we received.
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最常见的回答。
00:59
But if you asked the person on your left,
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但是如果你问问你左边的人,
01:01
they might have said regret or skepticism,
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他们也许会说是遗憾或者怀疑。
01:04
and if you asked somebody on your right,
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如果问的是右边的人,
01:06
they might have said
something entirely different,
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他们的回答可能又完全不同,
01:09
like hope or empathy.
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比如说希望或者同情。
01:12
So we are all looking
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那么我们现在
01:13
at the very same face again.
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再回到这张照片。
01:16
We might see something
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我们可能会看到
01:18
entirely different,
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完全不同的东西。
01:20
because perception is subjective.
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因为感觉是主观的,
01:23
What we think we see
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我们认为自己所看到的东西
01:25
is actually filtered
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事实上是经过
01:27
through our own mind's eye.
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我们思维的视角过滤过的。
01:29
Of course, there are many other examples
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当然,还有很多其他例子能
01:31
of how we see the world
through own mind's eye.
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证明我们是如何通过
主观思维的视角观察世界的。
01:34
I'm going to give you just a few.
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再举几个这样的例子。
01:36
So dieters, for instance,
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比如说,节食者
01:38
see apples as larger
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眼中的苹果
01:40
than people who are not counting calories.
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会比不节食的人眼中的更大。
01:43
Softball players see the ball as smaller
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当垒球运动员从他的低迷状态中
恢复的时候,
01:47
if they've just come out of a slump,
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相比起那些手感火热的运动员
01:49
compared to people who
had a hot night at the plate.
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会感觉球更小。
01:53
And actually, our political beliefs also
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事实上, 我们的政治信仰
01:56
can affect the way we see other people,
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也会影响我们观察其他人,
01:58
including politicians.
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包括政治家。
02:00
So my research team and I
decided to test this question.
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所以我和我的研究团队决定探索这个问题。
02:04
In 2008, Barack Obama
was running for president
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在2008年,巴拉克-奥巴马正在第一次
02:07
for the very first time,
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竞选总统。
02:09
and we surveyed hundreds of Americans
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我们在选举开始前一个月,
02:12
one month before the election.
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调查了几百名美国人。
02:14
What we found in this survey
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研究表明
02:16
was that some people, some Americans,
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一些人,一些美国公民
02:18
think photographs like these
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认为这样的照片
02:20
best reflect how Obama really looks.
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展现了奥巴马最真实的一面。
02:23
Of these people, 75 percent
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这些人中的75%
02:25
voted for Obama in the actual election.
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在选举中投票给了奥巴马。
02:28
Other people, though,
thought photographs like these
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但是其他的人认为在这些照片中
02:31
best reflect how Obama really looks.
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奥巴马看起来更真实,
02:34
89 percent of these people
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他们中的89%
02:36
voted for McCain.
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投票给了麦凯恩。
02:37
We presented many photographs of Obama
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我们把许多奥巴马的照片
02:41
one at a time,
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每次逐张地展示,
02:42
so people did not realize
that what we were changing
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所以人们并没有意识到,
02:45
from one photograph to the next
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在这些照片中
02:47
was whether we had artificially lightened
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我们只是人为地
02:49
or darkened his skin tone.
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调亮或调暗了他的肤色。
02:52
So how is that possible?
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那么这是为什么呢?
02:53
How could it be that
when I look at a person,
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为什么当我观察一个人,
02:56
an object, or an event,
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一个物体或一个事件的时候,
02:58
I see something very different
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我所看到的与其他人
03:00
than somebody else does?
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非常不同呢?
03:02
Well, the reasons are many,
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原因有很多。
03:04
but one reason requires that we understand
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其中的一个要求我们了解一些
03:06
a little bit more about how our eyes work.
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眼睛的工作原理。
03:09
So vision scientists know
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视觉科学家们知道
03:11
that the amount of information
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我们的视觉
03:12
that we can see
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03:14
at any given point in time,
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在任意给定时刻
03:16
what we can focus on,
is actually relatively small.
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所掌握的信息量,
我们所能聚焦的范围其实是很少的。
03:19
What we can see with great sharpness
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我们在保证较高的锐利度,
03:21
and clarity and accuracy
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清晰度和准确度下所能看到的范围,
03:24
is the equivalent
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等同于
03:26
of the surface area of our thumb
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把胳膊伸直时
03:28
on our outstretched arm.
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大拇指那么大,
03:30
Everything else around that is blurry,
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这片区域周围的一切都是模糊的,
03:32
rendering much of what is presented
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导致大部分呈现在眼中的事物
03:35
to our eyes as ambiguous.
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都是模糊的。
03:37
But we have to clarify
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但是我们必须进行辨认,
03:40
and make sense of what it is that we see,
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以识别出我们看到的是什么。
03:42
and it's our mind that
helps us fill in that gap.
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这时大脑就会帮助我们
填补缺失的信息,
03:45
As a result, perception
is a subjective experience,
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结果就是,感觉变得很主观,
03:49
and that's how we end up seeing
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这就是我们如何通过思维的视角
03:50
through our own mind's eye.
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进行观察的。
03:53
So, I'm a social psychologist,
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我是一个社会心理学家,
03:54
and it's questions like these
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所以这样的问题
03:56
that really intrigue me.
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会让我非常感兴趣。
03:58
I am fascinated by those times
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每当人们看到的东西不一样时,
03:59
when people do not see eye to eye.
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我都会觉得非常有趣。
04:02
Why is it that somebody might
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为什么有的人
04:03
literally see the glass as half full,
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看一个杯子会认为它是半满的?
04:06
and somebody literally sees it
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而另一些人会把它当成
04:07
as half empty?
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半空的?
04:09
What is it about what one person
is thinking and feeling
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到底是什么使得一个人
所看到和感觉到的
04:12
that leads them to see the world
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让他们从完全不同的角度
04:14
in an entirely different way?
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观察这个世界呢?
04:16
And does that even matter?
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这真的很重要吗?
04:18
So to begin to tackle these questions,
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那么为了回答这个问题,
04:21
my research team and I
decided to delve deeply
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我和我的研究团队决定更加深入研究
04:24
into an issue that has received
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一个引起了
04:26
international attention:
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国际关注的问题:
04:28
our health and fitness.
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我们的健康和健身。
04:30
Across the world,
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全世界的人
04:31
people are struggling
to manage their weight,
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都在为了控制体重而奋斗。
04:33
and there is a variety of strategies
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并且有许多不同的方式
04:36
that we have to help us
keep the pounds off.
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可以帮助我们减轻体重。
04:39
For instance, we set
the best of intentions
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例如我们会寄希望于
04:42
to exercise after the holidays,
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在节假日之后进行锻炼。
04:45
but actually, the majority of Americans
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但事实上,大部分美国人
04:47
find that their New Year's resolutions
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都会遗憾的发现他们的新年变革之梦
04:49
are broken by Valentine's Day.
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在情人节的时候就磨灭了。
04:52
We talk to ourselves
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我们会告诉自己
04:54
in very encouraging ways,
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并鼓励自己说,
04:56
telling ourselves this is our year
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今年就是我们
04:57
to get back into shape,
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成功恢复体型的时候。
04:59
but that is not enough to bring us back
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但是这并不足以使我们真的
05:01
to our ideal weight.
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恢复理想体重。
05:03
So why?
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那么为什么呢?
05:05
Of course, there is no simple answer,
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当然了,答案很复杂。
05:07
but one reason, I argue,
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但是我认为,其中一个原因,
05:09
is that our mind's eye
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是我们的思维视角
05:11
might work against us.
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可能会阻碍我们的努力。
05:13
Some people may literally see exercise
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有些人可能会认为锻炼
05:16
as more difficult,
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是个相当困难的过程,
05:18
and some people might literally
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而有些人则会认为
05:19
see exercise as easier.
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它其实很容易。
05:22
So, as a first step
to testing these questions,
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所以,为了解决这些问题, 首先
05:26
we gathered objective measurements
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我们为人们的体型状况
05:28
of individuals' physical fitness.
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找出了客观的生理指标。
05:31
We measured the
circumference of their waist,
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我们测量了他们的腰围,
05:33
compared to the
circumference of their hips.
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并将之与他们的臀围做对比。
05:36
A higher waist-to-hip ratio
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较高的腰臀比
05:38
is an indicator of being
less physically fit
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与较低的腰臀比相比,
05:40
than a lower waist-to-hip ratio.
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健康状况更不理想。
05:42
After gathering these measurements,
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得到了这些测量数据之后,
05:44
we told our participants that
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我们要求我们的研究对象
05:46
they would walk to a finish line
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带着负重
05:48
while carrying extra weight
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走向一条终点线,
05:49
in a sort of race.
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就像赛跑那样。
05:51
But before they did that,
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但是在他们开始之前,
05:52
we asked them to estimate the distance
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我们让他们估计
05:55
to the finish line.
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到终点线的距离。
05:57
We thought that the physical
states of their body
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我们认为他们的身体状况
05:59
might change how
they perceived the distance.
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可能会影响他们对距离的估计。
06:02
So what did we find?
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我们发现了什么呢?
06:04
Well, waist-to-hip ratio
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事实上,腰臀比
06:07
predicted perceptions of distance.
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预示了他们对距离的估测。
06:10
People who were out of shape and unfit
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与体型状况更好的人相比
06:12
actually saw the distance
to the finish line
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那些身材走型的人,
06:15
as significantly greater
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会认为
06:16
than people who were in better shape.
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到终点的距离更远。
06:18
People's states of their own body
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人们的身体状况
06:20
changed how they
perceived the environment.
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影响了他们观察环境的方式。
06:23
But so too can our mind.
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但我们的大脑也可以。
06:25
In fact, our bodies and our minds
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事实上,我们的身体和大脑
06:27
work in tandem
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会共同
06:29
to change how we see the world around us.
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影响我们对世界的观察。
06:31
That led us to think that maybe people
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这使得我们想到
06:34
with strong motivations
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或许那些有强烈动机
06:35
and strong goals to exercise
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去运动的人们,
06:37
might actually see
the finish line as closer
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相比起动机较弱的人们
06:40
than people who have weaker motivations.
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会认为终点线更近。
06:44
So to test whether motivations
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所以为了测试
06:46
affect our perceptual
experiences in this way,
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动机是否会这样影响我们的观察,
06:49
we conducted a second study.
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我们进行了第二项研究。
06:51
Again, we gathered objective measurements
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我们又一次收集了
06:54
of people's physical fitness,
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人们体型状况的测量数据,
06:56
measuring the circumference of their waist
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包括了他们的
06:58
and the circumference of their hips,
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腰围和臀围,
07:00
and we had them do a
few other tests of fitness.
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我们还让他们做了其他
健康状况的测试。
07:03
Based on feedback that we gave them,
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基于我们的反馈,
07:06
some of our participants told us
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一些研究参与者告诉我们,
07:07
they're not motivated
to exercise any more.
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他们没有继续锻炼的动力了。
07:09
They felt like they already
met their fitness goals
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他们感觉已经达到了健康目标,
07:12
and they weren't going
to do anything else.
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不想继续锻炼下去了。
07:14
These people were not motivated.
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这些人是没有动机的人。
07:16
Other people, though,
based on our feedback,
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但是另一些人基于我们的反馈,
07:18
told us they were highly
motivated to exercise.
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告诉我们他们非常想要继续锻炼。
07:20
They had a strong goal
to make it to the finish line.
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他们想要到达终点的目的性很强。
07:23
But again, before we had them
walk to the finish line,
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但是在他们开始走向终点线之前,
07:26
we had them estimate the distance.
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我们又要求他们估计到终点的距离,
07:28
How far away was the finish line?
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他们到终点的距离有多远呢?
07:29
And again, like the previous study,
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再一次,就像之前的研究那样,
07:32
we found that waist-to-hip ratio
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我们发现腰臀比
07:34
predicted perceptions of distance.
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预示了他们对距离的估测。
07:36
Unfit individuals saw
the distance as farther,
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体型较差的人
07:40
saw the finish line as farther away,
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相比体型较好的来说,
07:42
than people who were in better shape.
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认为到终点的距离更远。
07:44
Importantly, though, this only happened
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重要的是,这个现象只发生在
07:46
for people who were not motivated
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那些没有强烈的
07:48
to exercise.
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运动动机的人中间。
07:50
On the other hand,
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1590
另一方面,
07:51
people who were highly
motivated to exercise
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3044
运动动机很强烈的人,
07:54
saw the distance as short.
205
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2197
认为到终点的距离很近。
07:57
Even the most out of shape individuals
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2327
甚至他们中最胖的人
07:59
saw the finish line
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看待终点线
08:00
as just as close,
208
480928
1504
也是一样近,
08:02
if not slightly closer,
209
482432
1835
甚至会比
08:04
than people who were in better shape.
210
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2656
其他身材更好的人还要近一点。
08:06
So our bodies can change
211
486923
1959
也就是说我们的身体,
08:08
how far away that finish line looks,
212
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2238
可以改变终点看起来的距离,
08:11
but people who had committed
to a manageable goal
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3919
而那些有着明确的、
08:15
that they could accomplish
in the near future
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2109
可以在短时间内达到的目标的人,
08:17
and who believed that they were capable
215
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2194
和那些相信自己
08:19
of meeting that goal
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有能力达到目标的人,
08:20
actually saw the exercise as easier.
217
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3416
会认为这种锻炼更加轻松。
08:24
That led us to wonder,
218
504354
1910
这使我们想到,
08:26
is there a strategy that we could use
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2417
我们可否可以借助某种方法
08:28
and teach people that would help
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2390
来帮助人们,
08:31
change their perceptions of the distance,
221
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2269
改变他们对距离的估测,
08:33
help them make exercise look easier?
222
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2481
使锻炼看起来容易一些呢?
08:35
So we turned to
the vision science literature
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2634
所以我们转向视觉科学的资料
08:38
to figure out what should we do,
224
518455
1746
来试着找到这种方法,
08:40
and based on what we read,
we came up with a strategy
225
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2482
基于这些资料
我们想到了一种方法。
08:42
that we called, "Keep
your eyes on the prize."
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3378
我们称它为“聚焦奖赏”。
08:46
So this is not the slogan
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526061
1811
这并不是来自某张
08:47
from an inspirational poster.
228
527872
1885
鼓励性海报的标语。
08:49
It's an actual directive
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2248
这是一个确切的指令,
08:52
for how to look around your environment.
230
532005
2922
告诉你如何观察四周的环境。
08:54
People that we trained in this strategy,
231
534927
2292
根据这种方法训练的一些人,
08:57
we told them to focus
their attention on the finish line,
232
537219
3874
我们告诉他们要专注于终点线,
09:01
to avoid looking around,
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1836
不要四处张望,
09:02
to imagine a spotlight
234
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1341
要想象一个聚光点,
09:04
was shining on that goal,
235
544270
1613
就在目标那里闪烁着,
09:05
and that everything around it was blurry
236
545893
2479
聚光点周围的一切都应该是模糊的,
09:08
and perhaps difficult to see.
237
548372
1806
无法辨认的。
09:10
We thought that this strategy
238
550178
2171
我们认为这个方法
09:12
would help make the exercise look easier.
239
552349
2493
可以让做运动感觉要容易一些。
09:14
We compared this group
240
554842
1619
我们把这个组的人
09:16
to a baseline group.
241
556461
1658
和对照组的人比较。
09:18
To this group we said,
242
558119
1205
我们跟这个组的人说
09:19
just look around the environment
243
559324
1587
随便看看四周,
09:20
as you naturally would.
244
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1249
就像你平时一样,
09:22
You will notice the finish line,
245
562160
1560
你会注意到终点线,
09:23
but you might also notice
246
563720
1703
但可能也会看到
09:25
the garbage can off to the right,
247
565423
1869
终点线右边的垃圾桶,
09:27
or the people and the
lamp post off to the left.
248
567292
2286
或者是左边的人和灯柱。
09:29
We thought that people
who used this strategy
249
569578
2685
我们认为运用这个方法的人们
09:32
would see the distance as farther.
250
572263
2102
会觉得距离更远一点。
09:34
So what did we find?
251
574365
2447
那么我们发现了什么呢?
09:36
When we had them estimate the distance,
252
576812
1973
当我们让他们预测距离时,
09:38
was this strategy successful
253
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1748
这个方法是否能成功的
09:40
for changing their perceptual experience?
254
580533
2500
改变他们对距离的感知呢?
09:43
Yes.
255
583033
1198
答案是可以的。
09:44
People who kept their eyes on the prize
256
584231
2205
那些把注意力放在奖赏上的人,
09:46
saw the finish line as 30 percent closer
257
586436
3049
看到的终点线,比那些
09:49
than people who looked around
258
589485
1611
放眼四周的人
09:51
as they naturally would.
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1280
要近30%。
09:52
We thought this was great.
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1308
我们对这个结果很满意。
09:53
We were really excited because it meant
261
593684
1882
我们非常激动,因为这意味着
09:55
that this strategy helped make
262
595566
1480
这个方法可以让做运动
09:57
the exercise look easier,
263
597046
1892
看起来更简单,
09:58
but the big question was,
264
598938
1934
但最重要的问题来了,
10:00
could this help make exercise
265
600872
1837
它能让做运动
10:02
actually better?
266
602709
1391
变得更有效吗?
10:04
Could it improve the quality
267
604100
1665
它能否提高
10:05
of exercise as well?
268
605765
1881
运动的质量呢?
10:07
So next, we told our participants,
269
607646
2263
所以下一步,我们告诉参与者,
10:09
you are going to walk to the finish line
270
609909
1895
你们将在负重的情况下
10:11
while wearing extra weight.
271
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2227
走向终点线。
10:14
We added weights to their ankles
272
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2020
我们在脚踝那里给他们加重,
10:16
that amounted to 15 percent
of their body weight.
273
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2697
重量是他们体重的15%,
10:18
We told them to lift their knees up high
274
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1948
我们告诉他们把膝盖抬高,
10:20
and walk to the finish line quickly.
275
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2219
然后快速走到终点线。
10:22
We designed this exercise in particular
276
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2160
我们特意设计了这个运动,
10:25
to be moderately challenging
277
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1722
让它具有一定挑战性,
10:26
but not impossible,
278
626797
1777
但不至于无法完成。
10:28
like most exercises
279
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1260
就像大多数运动一样,
10:29
that actually improve our fitness.
280
629834
2842
可以提升我们的体型,
10:32
So the big question, then:
281
632676
2660
那么问题就是:
10:35
Did keeping your eyes on the prize
282
635336
2112
把焦点放在奖品上,
10:37
and narrowly focusing on the finish line
283
637448
2332
然后把注意力放在终点线上,
10:39
change their experience of the exercise?
284
639780
2765
会改变运动的体验吗?
10:42
It did.
285
642545
1595
答案是肯定的。
10:44
People who kept their eyes on the prize
286
644140
2235
那些专注于奖赏的人
10:46
told us afterward that it required
287
646375
1814
后来告诉我们,
10:48
17 percent less exertion
288
648189
2095
他们做运动所需的努力
10:50
for them to do this exercise
289
650284
1670
比平时着眼四周的人,
10:51
than people who looked around naturally.
290
651954
3439
要少了17%。
10:55
It changed their subjective experience
291
655393
2064
这改变了他们做运动的
10:57
of the exercise.
292
657457
1623
主观体验,
10:59
It also changed the objective nature
293
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3012
同时也改变了做运动的
11:02
of their exercise.
294
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1299
客观本质。
11:03
People who kept their eyes on the prize
295
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2248
那些专注于奖赏的人,
11:05
actually moved 23 percent faster
296
665639
2648
比平时着眼四周的人,
11:08
than people who looked around naturally.
297
668287
3448
敏捷性提高了23%。
11:11
To put that in perspective,
298
671735
1682
换个方式说,
11:13
a 23 percent increase
299
673417
1673
23%的增长
11:15
is like trading in your
1980 Chevy Citation
300
675090
3885
就相当于把你1980年的雪佛兰
Citation(袖珍小轿车)
11:18
for a 1980 Chevrolet Corvette.
301
678975
4644
换成一辆同年的雪佛兰科尔维特(跑车)。
11:23
We were so excited by this,
302
683619
2512
我们对此感到很激动。
11:26
because this meant that a strategy
303
686131
2167
因为这意味着,
11:28
that costs nothing,
304
688298
1682
一个无需成本的方法,
11:29
that is easy for people to use,
305
689980
1767
简单易行,
11:31
regardless of whether they're in shape
306
691747
1971
对那些不管是已经体型良好的人,
11:33
or struggling to get there,
307
693718
1858
或朝那个方向努力的人来说,
11:35
had a big effect.
308
695576
1440
都有极大的效果。
11:37
Keeping your eyes on the prize
309
697016
1557
专注于奖赏,
11:38
made the exercise look and feel easier
310
698573
2944
可以让做运动看起来和感觉上更容易。
11:41
even when people were working harder
311
701517
2558
由于敏捷性更高了,所以对那些
11:44
because they were moving faster.
312
704075
2219
更加努力的人也同样适用。
11:46
Now, I know there's more to good health
313
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2970
我知道健康的概念
11:49
than walking a little bit faster,
314
709264
2022
不仅仅是走得快一些。
11:51
but keeping your eyes on the prize
315
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2185
但聚焦于奖赏
11:53
might be one additional strategy
316
713471
1630
或许可以是一个额外的技巧,
11:55
that you can use to help promote
317
715101
1609
你可以用它来实现
11:56
a healthy lifestyle.
318
716710
2315
一种更健康的生活方式。
11:59
If you're not convinced yet
319
719025
2081
如果你对此还抱有疑问,
12:01
that we all see the world
through our own mind's eye,
320
721106
2520
怀疑我们是否真的通过
思维的视角来看世界,
12:03
let me leave you with one final example.
321
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2027
那么我再举最后一个例子。
12:05
Here's a photograph of a beautiful
street in Stockholm, with two cars.
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3423
这是一张斯德哥尔摩街头美景的照片,
还有两辆车。
12:09
The car in the back looks much larger
323
729076
2191
后面那辆车看起来
12:11
than the car in the front.
324
731267
1426
比前面的大得多。
12:12
However, in reality,
325
732693
1606
但是,事实上
12:14
these cars are the same size,
326
734299
2379
这两辆车都一样大。
12:16
but that's not how we see it.
327
736678
2895
但我们看到的并不是这样。
12:19
So does this mean that
328
739573
2124
难道这表明
12:21
our eyes have gone haywire
329
741697
1714
我们的眼睛出毛病了,
12:23
and that our brains are a mess?
330
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2570
我们的大脑也混乱了?
12:25
No, it doesn't mean that at all.
331
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2572
不,完全不是这样。
12:28
It's just how our eyes work.
332
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2021
这只是眼睛的工作原理。
12:30
We might see the world in a different way,
333
750574
2689
我们可能用不同的方式看世界,
12:33
and sometimes that might not
334
753263
1772
有时看到的和事实
12:35
line up with reality,
335
755035
2066
并不相符。
12:37
but it doesn't mean
that one of us is right
336
757101
2125
但这并不代表我们中间
某个人就是对的,
12:39
and one of us is wrong.
337
759226
2095
另一个就是错的。
12:41
We all see the world
through our mind's eye,
338
761321
2136
我们其实都是以思维的视角来看世界。
12:43
but we can teach ourselves
to see it differently.
339
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2851
但我们能主动学会
用不同的方法去看。
12:46
So I can think of days
340
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1824
我能够回忆起
12:48
that have gone horribly wrong for me.
341
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2034
那些曾经很糟糕的日子,
12:50
I'm fed up, I'm grumpy, I'm tired,
342
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2396
我感到厌倦,暴躁,疲惫,
12:52
and I'm so behind,
343
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1540
完全跟不上节奏,
12:54
and there's a big black cloud
344
774102
2406
在我的头顶上
12:56
hanging over my head,
345
776508
1483
还有一大片乌云笼罩,
12:57
and on days like these,
346
777991
1434
而且在这些日子里,
12:59
it looks like everyone around me
347
779425
1875
周围的人看起来
13:01
is down in the dumps too.
348
781300
2134
也垂头丧气似的。
13:03
My colleague at work looks annoyed
349
783434
1733
当我向同事请求延迟期限时,
13:05
when I ask for an extension on a deadline,
350
785167
2710
他看起来很恼火,
13:07
and my friend looks frustrated
351
787877
1978
当我约了朋友吃午饭
但因开会迟到时,
13:09
when I show up late for lunch
because a meeting ran long,
352
789855
2699
他看起来很不爽,
13:12
and at the end of the day,
353
792554
1593
当结束了一天的工作,
13:14
my husband looks disappointed
354
794147
2026
因为我想早点睡觉不想去看电影,
13:16
because I'd rather go to
bed than go to the movies.
355
796173
2533
我的丈夫看起来就很失望。
13:18
And on days like these,
when everybody looks
356
798706
3017
像这样的日子
13:21
upset and angry to me,
357
801723
2008
每个人看起来都对我不爽。
13:23
I try to remind myself that there
are other ways of seeing them.
358
803731
3218
我试着开解自己,
或许有别的方法来看待他们,
13:26
Perhaps my colleague was confused,
359
806949
3310
可能我的同事只是感到困惑,
13:30
perhaps my friend was concerned,
360
810259
2436
可能我的朋友只是担心,
13:32
and perhaps my husband was
feeling empathy instead.
361
812695
3267
可能我的丈夫只是对我感到同情。
13:35
So we all see the world
362
815962
1894
所以我们都是
13:37
through our own mind's eye,
363
817856
1826
以思维的视角看世界。
13:39
and on some days, it might look
364
819682
2003
在某些日子里,
13:41
like the world is a dangerous
365
821685
1408
这个世界看起来似乎很危险,
13:43
and challenging and insurmountable place,
366
823093
2537
充满挑衅,不可逾越,
13:45
but it doesn't have to look
that way all the time.
367
825630
2970
但未必一直是这样。
13:48
We can teach ourselves
to see it differently,
368
828600
2196
我们可以学会
用不同的方法去看待,
13:50
and when we find a way to make the world
369
830796
2666
当我们找到一个方法,
13:53
look nicer and easier,
370
833462
1937
让这个世界看起来更美好更轻松,
13:55
it might actually become so.
371
835399
2340
或许它就真的会成为现实。
13:57
Thank you.
372
837739
1555
谢谢。
13:59
(Applause)
373
839294
3609
(掌声)
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