Why some people find exercise harder than others | Emily Balcetis

535,182 views ใƒป 2014-11-25

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Yoojin Song ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
Vision is the most important
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์‹œ๊ฐ์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
00:15
and prioritized sense that we have.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ์„ ์‹œ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
We are constantly looking
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ๋์—†์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
00:19
at the world around us,
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00:21
and quickly we identify and make sense
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์žฌ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•ด ๋‚ด๊ณ  ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
of what it is that we see.
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00:25
Let's just start with an example
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์˜ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:27
of that very fact.
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00:28
I'm going to show you a photograph of a person,
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ 1,2์ดˆ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆดํ…Œ๋‹ˆ
00:30
just for a second or two,
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00:32
and I'd like for you to identify
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด ๋‚จ์ž ์–ผ๊ตด์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฐ์ •์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
what emotion is on his face.
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00:36
Ready?
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์ค€๋น„๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
00:37
Here you go. Go with your gut reaction.
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์ง๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‘๋‹ต์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
00:40
Okay. What did you see?
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
00:42
Well, we actually surveyed
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ 120๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
00:45
over 120 individuals,
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00:47
and the results were mixed.
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์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
People did not agree
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์— ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ
00:51
on what emotion they saw on his face.
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๊ฐ์ •์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ์„œ๋กœ ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
Maybe you saw discomfort.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์…จ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
That was the most frequent response
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜์™”๋˜ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์ด์ฃ .
00:58
that we received.
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00:59
But if you asked the person on your left,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์™ผ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:01
they might have said regret or skepticism,
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ํ›„ํšŒ๋‚˜ ํšŒ์˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
and if you asked somebody on your right,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:06
they might have said something entirely different,
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
01:09
like hope or empathy.
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ํฌ๋ง์ด๋‚˜ ๋™์ • ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€๋‹ต ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ์š”.
01:12
So we are all looking
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„
01:13
at the very same face again.
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01:16
We might see something
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํ‘œ์ •์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ์ •๋“ค๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:18
entirely different,
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01:20
because perception is subjective.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
What we think we see
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:25
is actually filtered
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฌ๊ณผ ๋˜์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
through our own mind's eye.
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01:29
Of course, there are many other examples
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
01:31
of how we see the world through own mind's eye.
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์ฆ๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
I'm going to give you just a few.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋งŒ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:36
So dieters, for instance,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‹ค์ด์–ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
01:38
see apples as larger
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์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์˜์น˜ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
than people who are not counting calories.
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01:43
Softball players see the ball as smaller
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์Šฌ๋Ÿผํ”„์—์„œ ๋ง‰ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ๋ณผ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ์—์„œ ์—ด์ •์˜ ๋ฐค์„ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค
01:47
if they've just come out of a slump,
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01:49
compared to people who had a hot night at the plate.
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๊ณต์ด ๋” ์ž‘๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
And actually, our political beliefs also
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๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ์‹ ๋…์€
01:56
can affect the way we see other people,
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์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ์‹œ์„ ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
including politicians.
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02:00
So my research team and I decided to test this question.
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์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€๊ณผ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์ฃ .
02:04
In 2008, Barack Obama was running for president
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2008๋…„, ๋ฒ„๋ฝ ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์„ ๊ฑฐ์— ์ถœ๋งˆํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
02:07
for the very first time,
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02:09
and we surveyed hundreds of Americans
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ผ์˜ ํ•œ๋‹ฌ ์ „ ์ฏค ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋ช…์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
one month before the election.
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02:14
What we found in this survey
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์ด ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค, ์ฆ‰ ์„ค๋ฌธ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค ์ค‘์˜ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์€
02:16
was that some people, some Americans,
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02:18
think photographs like these
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์œ„์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋“ค์ด
02:20
best reflect how Obama really looks.
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์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:23
Of these people, 75 percent
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ค‘ 75%๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
voted for Obama in the actual election.
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02:28
Other people, though, thought photographs like these
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ์˜ ์ƒ๊น€์ƒˆ๋ฅผ
02:31
best reflect how Obama really looks.
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์ž˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์ด ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
89 percent of these people
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ค‘ 89%๋Š” ๋งฅ์ผ€์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
voted for McCain.
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02:37
We presented many photographs of Obama
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
02:41
one at a time,
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02:42
so people did not realize that what we were changing
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋งˆ๋‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๊พผ ๊ฒƒ์ด
02:45
from one photograph to the next
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02:47
was whether we had artificially lightened
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๊ทธ์˜ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ƒ‰ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
or darkened his skin tone.
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02:52
So how is that possible?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:53
How could it be that when I look at a person,
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์–ด์งธ์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ, ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณผ ๋•Œ
02:56
an object, or an event,
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02:58
I see something very different
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
03:00
than somebody else does?
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03:02
Well, the reasons are many,
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:04
but one reason requires that we understand
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์ด์œ ๋“ค ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”
03:06
a little bit more about how our eyes work.
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๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
So vision scientists know
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์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
03:11
that the amount of information
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋Š ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์— ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด์— ๋น„ํ•ด
03:12
that we can see
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03:14
at any given point in time,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์ค‘์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์–‘์ด
03:16
what we can focus on, is actually relatively small.
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๋น„๊ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
What we can see with great sharpness
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ,
03:21
and clarity and accuracy
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋Š”
03:24
is the equivalent
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ํŒ”์„ ํŽธ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ
03:26
of the surface area of our thumb
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์—„์ง€ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„“์ด์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
on our outstretched arm.
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03:30
Everything else around that is blurry,
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๊ทธ ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ๋ฆฟํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
03:32
rendering much of what is presented
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03:35
to our eyes as ambiguous.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์—๋Š” ์• ๋งคํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
But we have to clarify
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:40
and make sense of what it is that we see,
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03:42
and it's our mind that helps us fill in that gap.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ, ์ฆ‰ ์ธ์‹์ด ๊ทธ ๋นˆํ‹ˆ์„ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
As a result, perception is a subjective experience,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ์ง€,
์ฆ‰ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ํŒ๋‹จ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
and that's how we end up seeing
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03:50
through our own mind's eye.
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03:53
So, I'm a social psychologist,
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์‚ฌํšŒ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ
03:54
and it's questions like these
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์ €์˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
03:56
that really intrigue me.
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03:58
I am fascinated by those times
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ
03:59
when people do not see eye to eye.
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๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
Why is it that somebody might
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์–ด์งธ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š”
04:03
literally see the glass as half full,
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๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ปต์— ๋ฐ˜์ด๋‚˜ ์ฐจ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
04:06
and somebody literally sees it
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์–ด์งธ์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š”
04:07
as half empty?
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์ปต์ด ๋ฐ˜์ด๋‚˜ ๋น„์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
04:09
What is it about what one person is thinking and feeling
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์–ด์งธ์„œ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ธ์ง€๊ฐ€
04:12
that leads them to see the world
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๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
04:14
in an entirely different way?
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04:16
And does that even matter?
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
04:18
So to begin to tackle these questions,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:21
my research team and I decided to delve deeply
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์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€์›๋“ค๊ณผ ์ €๋Š”
04:24
into an issue that has received
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๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›์€ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค;
04:26
international attention:
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04:28
our health and fitness.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์ฒด๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ์š”.
04:30
Across the world,
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
04:31
people are struggling to manage their weight,
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชธ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์• ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
04:33
and there is a variety of strategies
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๋ชธ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
04:36
that we have to help us keep the pounds off.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…๋“ค๋„ ๋‚˜์™€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
For instance, we set the best of intentions
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฐํœด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด
04:42
to exercise after the holidays,
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์‚ด์„ ๋นผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์•ผ์‹ฌ์ฐฌ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€๋งŒ,
04:45
but actually, the majority of Americans
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๊ณผ๋ฐ˜์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€
04:47
find that their New Year's resolutions
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04:49
are broken by Valentine's Day.
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๋ฐœ๋ Œํƒ€์ธ๋ฐ์ด ์ฏค์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
We talk to ourselves
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์‘์›ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์˜ฌํ•ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ
04:54
in very encouraging ways,
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04:56
telling ourselves this is our year
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04:57
to get back into shape,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‚ ์”ฌํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
04:59
but that is not enough to bring us back
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ชธ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
to our ideal weight.
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05:03
So why?
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
05:05
Of course, there is no simple answer,
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต์ฃ .
05:07
but one reason, I argue,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ  ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐ
05:09
is that our mind's eye
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05:11
might work against us.
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์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
Some people may literally see exercise
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์šด๋™์„ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
05:16
as more difficult,
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05:18
and some people might literally
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์šด๋™์„ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ง€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
see exercise as easier.
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05:22
So, as a first step to testing these questions,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ
05:26
we gathered objective measurements
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ์ธก์ •์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
of individuals' physical fitness.
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05:31
We measured the circumference of their waist,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ ๋‘˜๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์—‰๋ฉ์ด ๋‘˜๋ ˆ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
compared to the circumference of their hips.
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05:36
A higher waist-to-hip ratio
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ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ ๋‘˜๋ ˆ์™€ ์—‰๋ฉ์ด ๋‘˜๋ ˆ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
05:38
is an indicator of being less physically fit
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๊ทธ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค
05:40
than a lower waist-to-hip ratio.
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๋œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œ์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
After gathering these measurements,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋“ค์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ,
05:44
we told our participants that
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ณ 
05:46
they would walk to a finish line
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05:48
while carrying extra weight
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๊ฒฐ์Šน์„ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑธ์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
in a sort of race.
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05:51
But before they did that,
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๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
05:52
we asked them to estimate the distance
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐ์Šน์„ ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•ด๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
to the finish line.
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05:57
We thought that the physical states of their body
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์ €์™€ ์ €์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์€ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์—
05:59
might change how they perceived the distance.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ง€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
So what did we find?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:04
Well, waist-to-hip ratio
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์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์€ ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ ๋‘˜๋ ˆ์™€ ์—‰๋ฉ์ด ๋‘˜๋ ˆ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
06:07
predicted perceptions of distance.
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
People who were out of shape and unfit
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๋‚ ์”ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
06:12
actually saw the distance to the finish line
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๊ฒฐ์Šน์„ ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
as significantly greater
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06:16
than people who were in better shape.
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06:18
People's states of their own body
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
changed how they perceived the environment.
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06:23
But so too can our mind.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
In fact, our bodies and our minds
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชธ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์Œ์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ
06:27
work in tandem
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ์ธ์‹์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
to change how we see the world around us.
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06:31
That led us to think that maybe people
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์˜์ง€์™€
06:34
with strong motivations
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06:35
and strong goals to exercise
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๋ชฉํ‘œ์˜์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
06:37
might actually see the finish line as closer
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฒฐ์Šน์„ ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
06:40
than people who have weaker motivations.
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๋” ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
So to test whether motivations
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์˜์ง€์™€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์˜์‹์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
06:46
affect our perceptual experiences in this way,
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06:49
we conducted a second study.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
Again, we gathered objective measurements
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๋˜๋‹ค์‹œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ์ธก์ •์„ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ ,
06:54
of people's physical fitness,
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06:56
measuring the circumference of their waist
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ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ ๋‘˜๋ ˆ์™€ ์—‰๋ฉ์ด ๋‘˜๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
06:58
and the circumference of their hips,
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์ฒด๋ ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์šด๋™๋„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
and we had them do a few other tests of fitness.
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07:03
Based on feedback that we gave them,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
07:06
some of our participants told us
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ
07:07
they're not motivated to exercise any more.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ์šด๋™ํ•  ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
They felt like they already met their fitness goals
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07:12
and they weren't going to do anything else.
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07:14
These people were not motivated.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์˜์‹์ด ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:16
Other people, though, based on our feedback,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ €ํฌ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ
07:18
told us they were highly motivated to exercise.
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์šด๋™ํ•  ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ™•๊ณ ํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์Šน์„ ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•  ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋งŒํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
They had a strong goal to make it to the finish line.
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07:23
But again, before we had them walk to the finish line,
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๊ทธ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ฒฐ์Šน์„ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑท๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
07:26
we had them estimate the distance.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์Šน์„ ๊ณผ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์„  ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋”
07:28
How far away was the finish line?
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์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
And again, like the previous study,
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๊ฒฐ์Šน์„ ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์•˜์ฃ .
๋˜๋‹ค์‹œ ์ง€๋‚œ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
07:32
we found that waist-to-hip ratio
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์—‰๋ฉ์ด ๋‘˜๋ ˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด
07:34
predicted perceptions of distance.
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
Unfit individuals saw the distance as farther,
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์šด๋™ํ•  ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋” ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค
07:40
saw the finish line as farther away,
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๊ฒฐ์Šน์„ ์ด ๋” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
than people who were in better shape.
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07:44
Importantly, though, this only happened
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€, ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์šด๋™ํ•  ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•œ
07:46
for people who were not motivated
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:48
to exercise.
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์šด๋™ํ•  ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•œ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์€
07:50
On the other hand,
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07:51
people who were highly motivated to exercise
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07:54
saw the distance as short.
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ์งง๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
Even the most out of shape individuals
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋šฑ๋šฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์กฐ์ฐจ
07:59
saw the finish line
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์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์ง€ ์—†๋Š”
08:00
as just as close,
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08:02
if not slightly closer,
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์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ผˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
than people who were in better shape.
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08:06
So our bodies can change
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์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
08:08
how far away that finish line looks,
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๊ฒฐ์Šน์„ ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ,
08:11
but people who had committed to a manageable goal
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์„ฑ์ทจ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์žก๊ณ 
08:15
that they could accomplish in the near future
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๋น ๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ผ ๋‚ด ๊ทธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์€
08:17
and who believed that they were capable
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08:19
of meeting that goal
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08:20
actually saw the exercise as easier.
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์ด ์šด๋™์„ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
That led us to wonder,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉฐ
08:26
is there a strategy that we could use
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šด๋™์˜ ๋‚œ์ด๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ 
08:28
and teach people that would help
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์šด๋™์„ ๋”์šฑ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํฌ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด
08:31
change their perceptions of the distance,
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์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
help them make exercise look easier?
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08:35
So we turned to the vision science literature
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์  ๋ฌธํ•™์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋Œ๋ ค
08:38
to figure out what should we do,
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์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์ง€ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
and based on what we read, we came up with a strategy
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์ฝ์€ ์ฑ…๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
08:42
that we called, "Keep your eyes on the prize."
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"๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋ผ." ๋ผ๋Š” ์ „๋žต์„ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ๋ง์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
So this is not the slogan
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08:47
from an inspirational poster.
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08:49
It's an actual directive
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์ด ๋ง์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•  ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ง€์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
for how to look around your environment.
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08:54
People that we trained in this strategy,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ต์œกํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
08:57
we told them to focus their attention on the finish line,
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๊ฒฐ์Šน์„ ์— ์ง‘์ค‘์„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋งŒ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๊ณ ,
09:01
to avoid looking around,
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09:02
to imagine a spotlight
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๊ฒฐ์Šน์„ ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•œ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋น„์ถœ ํ™˜ํ•œ ์กฐ๋ช…์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
was shining on that goal,
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09:05
and that everything around it was blurry
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์Šน์„  ์ฃผ์œ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€
09:08
and perhaps difficult to see.
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ํ๋ฆฟํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€์ฃ .
09:10
We thought that this strategy
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ต์œก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
09:12
would help make the exercise look easier.
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์šด๋™์„ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
We compared this group
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„
09:16
to a baseline group.
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์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๊ต์œก๋„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
To this group we said,
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๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ‰์†Œ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
09:19
just look around the environment
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09:20
as you naturally would.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
You will notice the finish line,
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๊ฒฐ์Šน์„ ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
09:23
but you might also notice
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐํ†ต์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
09:25
the garbage can off to the right,
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์ง€๋‚˜๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค,
09:27
or the people and the lamp post off to the left.
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๋˜๋Š” ์™ผ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ณด์•„๋„ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€์ฃ .
09:29
We thought that people who used this strategy
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋„๋ก ์ง€์‹œ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
09:32
would see the distance as farther.
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๊ฒฐ์Šน์„ ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋ฉ€๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋‚„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
So what did we find?
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์ด ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:36
When we had them estimate the distance,
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๊ณผ์—ฐ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—
09:38
was this strategy successful
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09:40
for changing their perceptual experience?
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์ธ์‹์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:43
Yes.
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๋„ค.
09:44
People who kept their eyes on the prize
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๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘์„ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ‰์†Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค
09:46
saw the finish line as 30 percent closer
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๋ชฉํ‘œ์ ์ด 30% ์ฏค ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
than people who looked around
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09:51
as they naturally would.
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09:52
We thought this was great.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
09:53
We were really excited because it meant
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์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์šด๋™์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํฌ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ
09:55
that this strategy helped make
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09:57
the exercise look easier,
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐํƒ„ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
but the big question was,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜๋ฌธ์€ ์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
10:00
could this help make exercise
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10:02
actually better?
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'์šด๋™์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š๋ƒ'ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
Could it improve the quality
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์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์šด๋™์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
10:05
of exercise as well?
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10:07
So next, we told our participants,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
10:09
you are going to walk to the finish line
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๋ชจ๋ž˜์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์Šน์„ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑธ์œผ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€์ฃ .
10:11
while wearing extra weight.
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10:14
We added weights to their ankles
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ชธ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์˜ 15%์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”
10:16
that amounted to 15 percent of their body weight.
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๋ชจ๋ž˜์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๋ชฉ์— ๋‹ฌ์•˜๊ณ ,
10:18
We told them to lift their knees up high
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๋ฌด๋ฆŽ์„ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฐ์Šน์„ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑธ์œผ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
and walk to the finish line quickly.
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10:22
We designed this exercise in particular
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์šด๋™์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ฒŒ,
10:25
to be moderately challenging
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10:26
but not impossible,
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์–ด๋ ต์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ
10:28
like most exercises
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10:29
that actually improve our fitness.
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์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
So the big question, then:
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋˜๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์˜๋ฌธ์ ์€,
10:35
Did keeping your eyes on the prize
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๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์Šน์„ ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
10:37
and narrowly focusing on the finish line
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10:39
change their experience of the exercise?
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์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์šด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผฐ์„๊นŒ์š”?๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
It did.
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์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
People who kept their eyes on the prize
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์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค
10:46
told us afterward that it required
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๋ชฉํ‘œ๋งŒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
10:48
17 percent less exertion
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17%์˜ ํž˜์„ ๋œ ๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์šด๋™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
for them to do this exercise
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10:51
than people who looked around naturally.
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10:55
It changed their subjective experience
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์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šด๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
10:57
of the exercise.
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์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ธ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
It also changed the objective nature
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์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์ด ํ•œ ์šด๋™์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
of their exercise.
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11:03
People who kept their eyes on the prize
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๊ฒฐ์Šน์„ ๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
11:05
actually moved 23 percent faster
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์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค
11:08
than people who looked around naturally.
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23% ์ •๋„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
To put that in perspective,
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์‹ค๊ฐ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋น„์œ ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ณด์ž๋ฉด, ์†๋„๊ฐ€ 23% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
11:13
a 23 percent increase
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11:15
is like trading in your 1980 Chevy Citation
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1980๋…„๋„์— ๋‚˜์˜จ ์‰๋น„ ์‹œํ…Œ์ด์…˜์„
11:18
for a 1980 Chevrolet Corvette.
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์‰๋ณด๋ ˆ ์ฝ”๋ฅด๋ฒณ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
We were so excited by this,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
11:26
because this meant that a strategy
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ
11:28
that costs nothing,
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์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๊ต์œก์ด
11:29
that is easy for people to use,
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11:31
regardless of whether they're in shape
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์ดํ† ๋ก ํฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—
11:33
or struggling to get there,
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๋งค์šฐ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
had a big effect.
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11:37
Keeping your eyes on the prize
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๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
11:38
made the exercise look and feel easier
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์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์ด ์šด๋™์„ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ 
11:41
even when people were working harder
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์šด๋™์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ๋„
11:44
because they were moving faster.
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๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์›€์ง์ด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
Now, I know there's more to good health
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
๊ฑท๊ธฐ ์šด๋™์„ ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ ,
11:49
than walking a little bit faster,
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11:51
but keeping your eyes on the prize
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
11:53
might be one additional strategy
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ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š”
11:55
that you can use to help promote
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์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
a healthy lifestyle.
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11:59
If you're not convinced yet
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์•„์ง๋„ ์„ค๋“์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
12:01
that we all see the world through our own mind's eye,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
12:03
let me leave you with one final example.
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์ฆ๋ช…ํ•  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
Here's a photograph of a beautiful street in Stockholm, with two cars.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์€
Stokholm์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฐจ ๋‘๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:09
The car in the back looks much larger
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๋’ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์•ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ปค ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
12:11
than the car in the front.
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12:12
However, in reality,
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์ด ๋‘ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
these cars are the same size,
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12:16
but that's not how we see it.
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๋‹ค๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
12:19
So does this mean that
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์ฐจ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ž˜๋ชป ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‹ˆ
12:21
our eyes have gone haywire
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹œ๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚˜์˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์—‰๋ง์ง„์ฐฝ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
12:23
and that our brains are a mess?
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12:25
No, it doesn't mean that at all.
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์ „ํ˜€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
It's just how our eyes work.
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๋‹ค๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
12:30
We might see the world in a different way,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
12:33
and sometimes that might not
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
line up with reality,
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12:37
but it doesn't mean that one of us is right
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์˜ณ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
and one of us is wrong.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
12:41
We all see the world through our mind's eye,
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12:43
but we can teach ourselves to see it differently.
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๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋„ˆ๋จธ ์ด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
So I can think of days
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์•„์ฃผ ํž˜๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ๋‚ ๋“ค์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
that have gone horribly wrong for me.
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12:50
I'm fed up, I'm grumpy, I'm tired,
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ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•˜๊ณ , ํˆฌ๋œ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ , ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๊ณ 
12:52
and I'm so behind,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋’ค๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ๋„ ๋“ค๊ณ .
12:54
and there's a big black cloud
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๋‚ด ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์œ„์— ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๊ฒ€์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด ๋–  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
12:56
hanging over my head,
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12:57
and on days like these,
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๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‚ ์—๋Š” ์ œ ์ฃผ์œ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„
12:59
it looks like everyone around me
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๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์•ˆ ์ข‹์•„ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
13:01
is down in the dumps too.
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13:03
My colleague at work looks annoyed
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ๊ฐ์ผ์„ ๋’ค๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ค„๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํƒํ•œ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋Š”
13:05
when I ask for an extension on a deadline,
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์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ 
13:07
and my friend looks frustrated
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ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋๋‚˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€์˜ ์•ฝ์†์— ๋Šฆ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š”
13:09
when I show up late for lunch because a meeting ran long,
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ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ณ ,
13:12
and at the end of the day,
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์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž ์ž๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์„ ํ•ด ๋‚จํŽธ์€
13:14
my husband looks disappointed
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13:16
because I'd rather go to bed than go to the movies.
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์‹ค๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ณ .
13:18
And on days like these, when everybody looks
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‚ ์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๊ณ  ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
upset and angry to me,
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13:23
I try to remind myself that there are other ways of seeing them.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๋•Œ ์ด๋“ค์„ ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ, ์ด์„ฑ์ ์ธ ํƒœ๋„๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
13:26
Perhaps my colleague was confused,
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๋งˆ๊ฐ์ผ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ค„์•ผํ•œ ์ง์žฅ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋Š” ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ํ•ด์ค€ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
13:30
perhaps my friend was concerned,
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13:32
and perhaps my husband was feeling empathy instead.
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๋‚ด ๋‚จํŽธ์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋™์ •์„ ๋Š๋‚€ ๊ฒƒ์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
13:35
So we all see the world
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
through our own mind's eye,
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13:39
and on some days, it might look
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‚ ์—๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์ด
13:41
like the world is a dangerous
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๋ฌด์„ญ๊ณ , ์–ด๋‘ก๊ณ , ์ ˆ๋ง์ ์ธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:43
and challenging and insurmountable place,
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13:45
but it doesn't have to look that way all the time.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
We can teach ourselves to see it differently,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋„๋ก ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
13:50
and when we find a way to make the world
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„
13:53
look nicer and easier,
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๋” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ณ  ์„ ํ•œ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณผ ๋•Œ
13:55
it might actually become so.
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์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:57
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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