Two Nameless Bodies Washed Up on the Beach. Here Are Their Stories | Anders Fjellberg | TED Talks

翻译人员: Huazhe Xie 校对人员: 可风 郁

So this right here

这个地方

is the tiny village of Elle, close to Lista.

是临近利斯塔的一个叫　 伊拉的小村庄。

It's right at the southernmost tip of Norway.

它就在挪威的最西边。

And on January 2 this year,

在今年的9月2日，

an elderly guy who lives in the village,

一位住在这个村里的长者

he went out to see what was cast ashore

去看了在最近的一次风暴之后

during a recent storm.

有什么东西被冲上岸了。

And on a patch of grass right next to the water's edge,

就在水边的一片草地上，

he found a wetsuit.

他发现了一身潜水服。

It was grey and black, and he thought it looked cheap.

是黑灰色的， 而且他觉得看起来挺便宜的。

Out of each leg of the wetsuit

在潜水服每条裤腿的外侧

there were sticking two white bones.

都粘着两根白色的骨头。

It was clearly the remains of a human being.

很显然，那是 一个人的残骸。

And usually, in Norway, dead people are identified quickly.

在挪威，通常死者很快就可以确定身份。

So the police started searching

警方就在当地区域

through missing reports from the local area,

根据来自当地的失踪报告，国家的失踪报告

national missing reports,

展开了调查，

and looked for accidents with a possible connection.

寻找一些可能会 有所关联的事故。

They found nothing.

然而他们一无所获。

So they ran a DNA profile,

所以他们就进行了DNA检测，

and they started searching internationally through Interpol.

他们还通过国际刑警组织开始了 全球范围内的调查。

Nothing.

还是什么都查不到。

This was a person that nobody seemed to be missing.

这个失踪的人好像是 根本就不存在一样。

It was an invisible life heading for a nameless grave.

好像是一个无形的生命 走进了一座无名的坟墓。

But then, after a month,

但是，在一个月之后，

the police in Norway got a message from the police in the Netherlands.

挪威警方接到了 荷兰警方的通知。

A couple of months earlier, they had found a body,

在几个月前， 荷兰警方发现了一具尸体，

in an identical wetsuit, and they had no idea who this person was.

穿着完全相同的潜水服， 他们也查不出来那个人是谁。

But the police in the Netherlands managed to trace the wetsuit

但荷兰警方试着去通过 缝在潜水服里面的一个无线射频芯片

by an RFID chip that was sewn in the suit.

来追踪这身衣服。

So they were then able to tell

然后他们就发现了

that both wetsuits were bought by the same customer at the same time,

这两身潜水服都是由同一个人， 在同一时间买下的，

October 7, 2014,

时间是2014年10月7日，

in the French city of Calais by the English Channel.

地点是在英吉利海峡边 一个叫做加来的法国城市。

But this was all they were able to figure out.

但是这也是他们 能找出的所有的线索了。

The customer paid cash.

那个人是用现金买的。

There was no surveillance footage from the shop.

商店里没有监控录像。

So it became a cold case.

这就变成了一宗悬案。

We heard this story,

听说了这个故事后，

and it triggered me and my colleague, photographer Tomm Christiansen,

我和我的同事，摄影师 Tomm Christiansen 都被深深地吸引了，

and we of course had the obvious question: who were these people?

当然我们也怀有很显然的疑问： 这些人是谁啊？

At the time, I'd barely heard about Calais,

那时，我根本就 没怎么听说过加来，

but it took about two or three seconds to figure out

但只过了两三秒钟 我就想起来了

Calais is basically known for two things.

加来基本上只有两样东西很出名。

It's the spot in continental Europe closest to Britain,

它是欧洲大陆上 最靠近英国的地点；

and a lot of migrants and refugees are staying in this camp

有很多的移民和难民 都住在这的难民营里，

and are trying desperately to cross over to Britain.

而且他们每时每刻都拼命地想 穿越海峡去英国。

And right there was a plausible theory about the identity of the two people,

那时关于那两个人的身份 产生了一种比较说得通的猜测的，

and the police made this theory as well.

警方也得出了这个猜测。

Because if you or I or anybody else with a firm connection to Europe

因为如果是你，或者我，或者任何一个 在欧洲是土生土长的人，

goes missing off the coast of France, people would just know.

在法国的海岸边失踪了， 那么人们都会知道的。

Your friends or family would report you missing,

你的朋友或你的家人 肯定会报警说你失踪了，

the police would come search for you, the media would know,

警方就会开始搜寻你， 媒体也会知晓，

and there would be pictures of you on lampposts.

在街边的路灯柱上 也会贴出你的照片。

It's difficult to disappear without a trace.

想要不留痕迹地就失踪了是很难的。

But if you just fled the war in Syria,

但如果你是从叙利亚的战场上逃离的，

and your family, if you have any family left,

那你的家人，如果你还有任何家人的话，

don't necessarily know where you are,

也不一定知道你在哪，

and you're staying here illegally

你在这里非法的生活，

amongst thousands of others who come and go every day.

每天有成千上万的人在你身边经过。

Well, if you disappear one day, nobody will notice.

那么，如果有一天你消失了， 谁也不会注意。

The police won't come search for you because nobody knows you're gone.

警方也不会搜寻你， 因为没人知道你离开了。

And this is what happened to Shadi Omar Kataf

这就是从叙利亚来的 Shadi Omar Kataf

and Mouaz Al Balkhi from Syria.

和Mouaz Al Balkhi两人的遭遇。

Me and Tomm went to Calais for the first time in April this year,

今年四月，我和Tomm 第一次去加来，

and after three months of investigation, we were able to tell the story

经过三个月的调查后， 我们现在可以给大家讲一讲

about how these two young men fled the war in Syria,

那两个从叙利亚战场上 逃离的年轻人

ended up stuck in Calais,

是如何买了潜水服，

bought wetsuits and drowned in what seems to have been an attempt

然后大概是想要 穿越英吉利海峡去英国时被淹死

to swim across the English Channel in order to reach England.

在加来结束了生命的。

It is a story about the fact that everybody has a name,

这是一个真实的故事， 每个人都有自己的名字，

everybody has a story, everybody is someone.

每个人都有自己的故事， 每个人都是真实存在的。

But it is also a story about what it's like to be a refugee in Europe today.

但这是一个关于如今 欧洲的难民是如何生活的故事。

So this is where we started our search.

这就是我们开始调查的地方。

This is in Calais.

这是加来。

Right now, between 3,500 and 5,000 people are living here

现在，有大概3500到5000 生活条件很差的人

under horrible conditions.

生活在这个地方。

It has been dubbed the worst refugee camp in Europe.

这里被称为 全欧洲最糟糕的难民营。

Limited access to food, limited access to water,

有限的食物， 有限的用水，

limited access to health care.

有限的卫生保健。

Disease and infections are widespread.

疾病和传染病大肆横行。

And they're all stuck here because they're trying to get to England

他们全都困在这个地方 因为他们都想去英国

in order to claim asylum.

去寻求庇护。

And they do that by hiding in the back of trucks headed for the ferry,

他们通过藏在驶向轮渡

or the Eurotunnel,

或者是驶向欧洲隧道的卡车后面，

or they sneak inside the tunnel terminal at night

或者他们趁夜间 溜到隧道口

to try to hide on the trains.

试着去爬上火车藏到火车里。

Most want to go to Britain because they know the language,

大多数人都想去英国 因为他们懂英语，

and so they figure it would be easier to restart their lives from there.

他们觉得在那里重新 开始他们的生活会简单很多。

They want to work, they want to study,

他们想要工作，想要学习，

they want to be able to continue their lives.

他们想要继续他们的生活。

A lot of these people are highly educated and skilled workers.

他们中的许多人其实是 受过高等教育的，也有很多是技术工人。

If you go to Calais and talk to refugees, you'll meet lawyers, politicians,

如果你到加来和那些难民交谈， 你会碰到律师，政治家，

engineers, graphic designers, farmers, soldiers.

工程师，平面设计师， 农民和士兵。

You've got the whole spectrum.

你会看到三百六十行。

But who all of these people are

但是他们所有人

usually gets lost in the way we talk about refugees and migrants,

其实是难以区分 是难民还是移民的，

because we usually do that in statistics.

因为我们经常“用数据说话”。

So you have 60 million refugees globally.

全球有6000万的难民。

About half a million have made the crossing

到现在为止今年已经有 大概50万穿过了

over the Mediterranean into Europe so far this year,

地中海到达了欧洲，

and roughly 4,000 are staying in Calais.

粗略的算，有4000人正待在加来。

But these are numbers,

但这些只是数字，

and the numbers don't say anything about who these people are,

对于这些人是谁，他们从哪来， 为什么他们要来这儿，

where they came from, or why they're here.

数据其实是说不清的。

And first, I want to tell you about one of them.

首先，我想给你们讲讲 他们其中的一个人。

This is 22-year-old Mouaz Al Balkhi from Syria.

来自叙利亚的22岁的 Mouaz Al Balkhi。

We first heard about him after being in Calais the first time

我们是在第一次到加来 调查寻找那两具尸体时

looking for answers to the theory of the two dead bodies.

第一次听说到他的。

And after a while, we heard this story

过了一段时间，我们听说了这样一个故事。

about a Syrian man who was living in Bradford in England,

一个住在英国布拉德福德 的叙利亚男人

and had been desperately searching for his nephew Mouaz for months.

已经绝望地寻找了他的侄子 Mouaz好几个月。

And it turned out the last time anybody had heard anything from Mouaz

他发现了最后一次有人 听到Mouaz的消息

was October 7, 2014.

是在2014年10月7日。

That was the same date the wetsuits were bought.

和那两身潜水服 卖出去的时间是同一天。

So we flew over there and we met the uncle

我们飞到了布拉德福德， 找到了那个叔叔，

and we did DNA samples of him,

我们对他采取了DNA样本，

and later on got additional DNA samples from Mouaz's closest relative

之后又对目前住在约旦 的Mouaz的亲近亲属

who now lives in Jordan.

采取了另外的DNA样本。

The analysis concluded

分析结果表明

the body who was found in a wetsuit on a beach in the Netherlands

那具在荷兰的海滩上 找到的穿着潜水服的尸体

was actually Mouaz Al Balkhi.

就是Mouaz Al Balkhi。

And while we were doing all this investigation,

当我们在做所有这些调查的时候，

we got to know Mouaz's story.

我们了解到了Mouaz的故事。

He was born in the Syrian capital of Damascus in 1991.

他于1991年在叙利亚首都 大马士革出生。

He was raised in a middle class family,

他生长在一个中产阶级家庭，

and his father in the middle there is a chemical engineer

他的父亲是一名化学工程师，

who spent 11 years in prison for belonging to the political opposition in Syria.

由于属于叙利亚政治反对派坐了11年的牢。

While his father was in prison,

他的父亲在狱中的时候，

Mouaz took responsibility and he cared for his three sisters.

Mouaz承担起了照顾家的责任， 他照顾他的三个妹妹。

They said he was that kind of guy.

他们都说他是个好人。

Mouaz studied to become an electrical engineer

Mouaz在大马士革大学学成后

at the University of Damascus.

成为了一名电气工程师。

So a couple of years into the Syrian war,

叙利亚战争结束的几年之后，

the family fled Damascus and went to the neighboring country, Jordan.

他们一家离开了大马士革， 搬到了邻国约旦。

Their father had problems finding work in Jordan,

他们的父亲在约旦找不到工作，

and Mouaz could not continue his studies,

Mouaz也不能继续他的学业，

so he figured, "OK, the best thing I can do to help my family

然后他就想，“好吧， 我帮助家里的最好的办法就是

would be to go somewhere where I can finish my studies

去一个可以完成我的学业

and find work."

还可以找到工作的地方了。”

So he goes to Turkey.

于是他就去了土耳其。

In Turkey, he's not accepted at a university,

在土耳其，他没找到能接收他的大学，

and once he had left Jordan as a refugee, he was not allowed to reenter.

而且一旦他作为一个难民离开了约旦， 他就不能再回去了。

So then he decides to head for the UK,

所以他打算去英国，

where his uncle lives.

去投奔他的叔叔。

He makes it into Algeria, walks into Libya,

他先到了阿尔及利亚， 然后又走到了利比亚，

pays a people smuggler to help him with the crossing into Italy by boat,

给了人贩子钱帮助他， 用船把他带到了意大利，

and from there on he heads to Dunkirk,

他从意大利出发又到了敦刻尔克，

the city right next to Calais by the English Channel.

一个临近英吉利海峡的 就在加来旁边的城市。

We know he made at least 12 failed attempts to cross the English Channel

我们知道了他曾经藏在卡车后面 尝试穿过英吉利海峡

by hiding in a truck.

有至少12次，但都没有成功。

But at some point, he must have given up all hope.

也许有的时候， 他觉得天都塌了。

The last night we know he was alive,

我们知道的他还活着的最后一夜，

he spent at a cheap hotel close to the train station in Dunkirk.

是在敦刻尔克火车站 旁边的一个便宜的小旅馆中度过的。

We found his name in the records, and he seems to have stayed there alone.

我们在登记表中找到了他的名字， 他当时应该是独自一人住的。

The day after, he went into Calais, entered a sports shop

那天后，他到了加来， 在晚八点前的几分钟

a couple of minutes before 8 o'clock in the evening,

他和Shadi Kataf一起 进入了一家

along with Shadi Kataf.

体育用品商店。

They both bought wetsuits,

他们一人一身潜水服，

and the woman in the shop

一个在商店中的女人

was the last person we know of to have seen them alive.

是我们知道的最后一个 看到他们还活着的人。

We have tried to figure out where Shadi met Mouaz,

我们试着去弄明白 Shadi是在哪遇见Mouaz的，

but we weren't able to do that.

但是我们没有查到。

But they do have a similar story.

但他们确实有着相似的经历。

We first heard about Shadi after a cousin of his, living in Germany,

我们第一次听说了Shadi这个人， 是在一个Shadi住在德国的表兄那里。

had read an Arabic translation of the story made of Mouaz on Facebook.

他看了在Facebook上， Mouaz故事的阿拉伯译文。

So we got in touch with him.

所以我们就联系上了他的那个表兄。

Shadi, a couple of years older than Mouaz,

Shadi比Mouaz大几岁，

was also raised in Damascus.

也是在大马士革长大的。

He was a working kind of guy.

他工作很勤奋。

He ran a tire repair shop and later worked in a printing company.

他经营着一个轮胎修理厂， 后来又在一个印刷厂工作。

He lived with his extended family,

他有一个大家庭，

but their house got bombed early in the war.

但是早期他们家的房子 在战争中被炸毁了。

So the family fled to an area of Damascus known as Camp Yarmouk.

所以整个家庭搬到了大马士革 一个叫亚蒙克难民营的地方。

Yarmouk is being described as the worst place to live

亚蒙克被称为是 整个地球上，

on planet Earth.

最不适宜人类生活的地方。

They've been bombed by the military, they've been besieged,

他们一家经常遭受军事行动的轰炸， 他们一家被包围过，

they've been stormed by ISIS

他们一家还曾经受到过ISIS的威胁，

and they've been cut off from supplies for years.

他们有很多年都没有 接受过各种供应了。

There was a UN official who visited last year,

去年有一位联合国官员 去参观了那个地方，

and he said, "They ate all the grass so there was no grass left."

之后他说：“难民们把那的草都吃了， 所以现在那已经寸草不生了。”

Out of a population of 150,000,

15万的人口中

only 18,000 are believed to still be left in Yarmouk.

应该只有1万8千人还住在 亚蒙克那个地方。

Shadi and his sisters got out.

Shadi和他的姐姐妹妹离开了那里。

The parents are still stuck inside.

但他们的父母还被困在那里。

So Shadi and one of his sisters, they fled to Libya.

所以Shadi和他的一个姐姐 逃到了利比亚。

This was after the fall of Gaddafi,

时间是在卡扎菲垮台之后，

but before Libya turned into full-blown civil war.

在利比亚爆发全面内战之前。

And in this last remaining sort of stability in Libya,

在这个利比亚 短暂稳定的时期，

Shadi took up scuba diving, and he seemed to spend most of his time underwater.

Shadi拿起了他的潜水器， 把他的大把时间都花在了练习潜水上。

He fell completely in love with the ocean,

他深深地爱上了大海，

so when he finally decided that he could no longer be in Libya,

所以当他最后决定他不再留在利比亚时，

late August 2014,

也就是在2014年八月底，

he hoped to find work as a diver when he reached Italy.

他希望到了意大利后 能找一个潜水员的工作。

Reality was not that easy.

然而现实很残酷。

We don't know much about his travels

我们对他的旅途知之甚少，

because he had a hard time communicating with his family,

因为他很难联系上他的家人，

but we do know that he struggled.

但是我们知道他一直在努力。

And by the end of September,

九月底的时候，

he was living on the streets somewhere in France.

他住在法国的大街上的某处。

On October 7, he calls his cousin in Belgium,

10月7日， 他打电话给他在比利时的表兄，

and explains his situation.

说了他的处境。

He said, "I'm in Calais. I need you to come get my backpack and my laptop.

他说：“我在加来。我需要 你来拿我的背包和笔记本电脑。

I can't afford to pay the people smugglers to help me with the crossing to Britain,

我没钱给人贩子把我带到英国了，

but I will go buy a wetsuit and I will swim."

但我会买身潜水服游过去。”

His cousin, of course, tried to warn him not to,

当然了，他的堂兄 曾试着警告他不要这样做，

but Shadi's battery on the phone went flat,

但是Shadi的手机没电了，

and his phone was never switched on again.

他的手机也再也没开过。

What was left of Shadi was found nearly three months later,

近三个月后，Shadi的遗骸

800 kilometers away

才在800公里之外

in a wetsuit on a beach in Norway.

挪威海滩上的一件潜水服里被找到。

He's still waiting for his funeral in Norway,

他在挪威的葬礼还没能举办

and none of his family will be able to attend.

他的家人谁也参加不了葬礼。

Many may think that the story about Shadi and Mouaz

很多人可能都觉得 Shadi和Mouaz的故事

is a story about death,

是一个关于死亡的故事

but I don't agree.

但我不这么认为。

To me, this is a story about two questions that I think we all share:

对我来说，关于这个故事 有两个问题值得我们深思：

what is a better life,

什么是更好的生活？

and what am I willing to do to achieve it?

为了达成那种生活我应该怎样去做？

And to me, and probably a lot of you,

对于我来说， 可能也是对你们中的大多数人来说，

a better life would mean

更好的生活可能意味着

being able to do more of what we think of as meaningful,

做更多的我们觉得有意义的事，

whether that be spending more time with your family and friends,

可能是花更多的时间 陪陪家人，和朋友相处，

travel to an exotic place,

或是到异国他乡旅游，

or just getting money to buy that cool new device

或是挣更多的钱买很酷的新装置，

or a pair of new sneakers.

或者一双新的运动鞋。

And this is all within our reach pretty easily.

这些都是我们很容易就能获得的。

But if you are fleeing a war zone,

但如果你身陷战区，

the answers to those two questions are dramatically different.

对于这两个问题的回答就会截然不同了。

A better life is a life in safety.

更美好的生活意味着安全的生活。

It's a life in dignity.

意味着有尊严的生活。

A better life means not having your house bombed,

更好的生活就是 你的房子没有被炸毁，

not fearing being kidnapped.

不用担心被绑架。

It means being able to send your children to school,

你可以把你的孩子送去学校上学，

go to university,

一直上到大学，

or just find work to be able to provide for yourself and the ones you love.

或者仅仅是找一个可以养活你 和你爱的人的工作。

A better life would be a future of some possibilities

更好的生活可能是还对未来有一些希望

compared to nearly none,

而不是毫无希望，

and that's a strong motivation.

这是一种很强的动力。

And I have no trouble imagining

我不难想象

that after spending weeks or even months

作为一个二等公民，

as a second-grade citizen,

住在大街上或难民营里，

living on the streets or in a horrible makeshift camp

这样的地方还被称作“丛林” 这样一个很愚蠢的，带有种族主义的名字,

with a stupid, racist name like "The Jungle,"

像这样生活了数周甚至数月后，

most of us would be willing to do just about anything.

我们中的很多人都会 想去做任何事情。

If I could ask Shadi and Mouaz

如果我可以在Shadi和Mouaz

the second they stepped into the freezing waters of the English Channel,

踏进英吉利海峡冰冷的水中的那一刻 问他们是否值得，

they would probably say, "This is worth the risk,"

他们可能都会说， “这值得冒险。”

because they could no longer see any other option.

因为他们看不到其它任何选择。

And that's desperation,

这很令人绝望，

but that's the reality of living as a refugee in Western Europe in 2015.

但这也是生命的真实写照。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Bruno Giussani: Thank you, Anders.

Bruno Giussani：谢谢你，Anders。

This is Tomm Christiansen,

这就是Tomm Christiansen，

who took most of the pictures you have seen and they've done reporting together.

你们看到的大部分照片都是他拍的， 他们俩也是一起做的采访。

Tomm, you two have been back to Calais recently.

Tomm，你们俩最近又去了一次加来。

This was the third trip.

这是第三次旅行了。

It was after the publication of the article.

也是在这篇文章出版之后了。

What has changed? What have you seen there?

有什么变化吗？ 你们看到了什么？

Tomm Christiansen: The first time we were in Calais,

Tomm Christiansen： 我们第一次到加来的时候，

it was about 1,500 refugees there.

那里大概有1500名难民。

They had a difficult time, but they were positive, they had hope.

他们的日子很难过， 但他们很积极，而且满怀希望。

The last time, the camp has grown, maybe four or five thousand people.

最后一次到那的时候，难民营人又多了， 大概有四五千人。

It seemed more permanent, NGOs have arrived,

难民营看起来更长期化了， 非政府组织到了那里，

a small school has opened.

也在那里开设了一个小学校。

But the thing is that the refugees have stayed for a longer time,

但是难民们都在那待了很长时间了，

and the French government has managed to seal off the borders better,

法国政府也准备把边界更好地封锁起来，

so now The Jungle is growing,

所以现在“丛林”正在逐渐扩大，

along with the despair and hopelessness among the refugees.

难民们的失望和绝望的情绪也更加蔓延了。

BG: Are you planning to go back? And continue the reporting?

BG：你们还打算再回去继续进行采访吗？

TC: Yes.

TC：是的。

BG: Anders, I'm a former journalist,

BG：Anders，我以前也是个记者，

and to me, it's amazing that in the current climate

对我来说，在当今

of slashing budgets and publishers in crisis,

到处都在削减预算， 出版商们都陷入危机之时，

Dagbladet has consented so many resources for this story,

你的故事又有那么多讨论 报纸新闻界要负责任的内容，

which tells a lot about newspapers taking the responsibility,

《挪威日报》还能同意为这个故事 留出那么多版面真的很让我吃惊，

but how did you sell it to your editors?

你是怎么把这个故事“销售”给编辑们的？

Anders Fjellberg: It wasn't easy at first,

Anders Fjellberg：其实一开始并不简单，

because we weren't able to know what we actually could figure out.

因为我们也不知道我们 到底能不能找出答案。

As soon as it became clear

就在答案逐渐清晰的时候，

that we actually could be able to identify who the first one was,

也就是我们能真的找出 第一个人是谁的时候，

we basically got the message that we could do whatever we wanted,

我们得到了这样一个消息： 我们想做什么都可以，

just travel wherever you need to go, do whatever you need to do,

想去哪调查就去哪， 想做什么就做什么，

just get this done.

就这样，我们成功了。

BG: That's an editor taking responsibility.

BG：编辑可是负了责的啊。

The story, by the way, has been translated and published

顺便说一句，这个故事 已经被翻译成很多语言

across several European countries, and certainly will continue to do.

并且在一些欧洲国家出版了， 当然了，还会在更多国家出版。

And we want to read the updates from you. Thank you Anders. Thank you Tomm.

我们也都想知道你们的最新进展。 Anders，Tomm，谢谢你们。

(Applause)

（掌声）