Carina Morillo: To understand autism, don't look away (with English subtitles) | TED

翻译人员: Junyi Sha 校对人员: Zhixin Song

"Look at me!"

“看着我！”

That phrase turned me into an eye-contact coach.

这句话把我变成了一个 眼神交流方面的专家。

I'm the mother of Ivan; he's 15 years old.

我是伊万的母亲，他今年15岁。

Ivan has autism,

伊万患有自闭症，

he doesn't speak,

他不说话，

and he communicates through an iPad,

他用一个iPad来交流，

where his whole universe of words exists in images.

由此，他的语言可由图像组成。

He was diagnosed when he was two and a half.

当他两岁半的时候就被诊断患病。

I still remember that day painfully.

那天的记忆依旧刺痛着我的心。

My husband and I felt really lost;

我和我的丈夫感到很迷茫，

we didn't know where to begin.

我们不知道能做些什么。

There was no internet,

那时候还没有网络，

you couldn't Google information,

你无法Google想要的信息，

so we made those first steps

所以，我们刚开始的行动

out of sheer intuition.

全凭直觉。

Ivan would not maintain eye contact,

伊万不肯与我们眼神交流，

he had lost the words that he did know,

他会忘了那些他听得懂的词汇，

and he didn't respond to his name or to anything we asked him,

他不能对他的名字或是 任何我们问他的问题作出响应，

as if words were noise.

就仿佛语言只是噪音。

The only way I could know

我想知道他怎么样、

what was going on with him,

感受如何的

what he felt,

唯一办法，

was looking him in the eye.

就是与他对视。

But that bridge was broken.

但是这唯一的桥梁也被阻隔了。

How could I teach him about life?

我该如何教会他生活呢？

When I did things he liked, he would look at me,

当我做他喜欢的事情的时候， 他就会看着我，

and we were connected.

这时我们是彼此联通的。

So I dedicated myself to working with him on those things,

所以我全心致力于 和他一起做这些活动，

so we would have more and more eye-contact moments.

这样我们就会有越来越多的 眼神交流的机会。

We would spend hours and hours playing tag with his older sister, Alexia,

我们经常会和他姐姐，亚历克西亚一起， 花好几个小时玩贴标签的游戏。

and when we said: "I caught you!"

当我们说：“抓到你了！”的时候

he would look around for us,

他总会环顾四周寻找我们，

and at that moment, I could feel he was alive.

在那个瞬间，我能感受到 他是鲜活存在的。

We also hold a record for hours spent in a swimming pool.

我们还保有泡在泳池里的时长记录，

Ivan always had a passion for water.

伊万总是对水充满热情。

I remember when he was two and a half,

我记得当他还只有两岁半的时候，

on a rainy winter day,

在一个冬季下雨天，

I was taking him to an indoor pool,

我带他去了室内游泳池，

because even on rainy days we'd go swimming.

因为即使是下雨天 我们也会去游泳。

We were on the highway, and I took the wrong exit.

当我在高速上的时候， 我开错了出口。

He burst into tears and cried inconsolably, nonstop,

他就瞬间大哭起来，不停的喊叫，

until I turned back.

直到我回到了原路。

Only then did he calm down.

直到那时他才冷静下来。

How was it possible that a two and a half year old

对于一个只有两岁半的孩子，

他不能对自己的名字作出反应，

didn't respond to his own name,

yet in the middle of the rain and fog, where I couldn't see anything,

在雨雾弥漫， 我什么都看不清的情况下，

he knew the exact route?

他却知道该怎么走？

That's when I realized that Ivan had an exceptional visual memory,

就是那时，我意识到 伊万拥有的超常的视觉记忆力，

and that that would be my way in.

那就是我的切入点。

So I started taking pictures of everything,

所以我开始收集各种事物的图片，

and teaching him what life was like,

并教给他生活是什么样子的，

showing it to him, picture by picture.

一张图片一张图片的展示给他看。

Even now, it's the way Ivan communicates

直到现在，这仍然是伊万表达

what he wants,

他想要什么，

what he needs

他需要什么，

and also what he feels.

以及他的感受如何的方式。

But it wasn't just Ivan's eye contact that mattered.

但并非只有伊万的 眼神交流才值得被关注。

Everyone else's did, too.

其他人的目光也一样重要。

How could I make people see not only his autism,

我如何能让人们看到的 不仅是他的自闭证，

but see him the person

而是他，作为一个独立个体，

and everything he can give;

他能够给予他人的；

everything he can do;

他能做的一切；

the things he likes and doesn't like,

他所喜欢的和不喜欢的，

just like any one of us?

那些和我们一样的方面？

But for that, I also had to give of myself.

但是想要做到这一点 我也需要敞开自我，

I had to have the strength to let him go,

我必须要有勇气放手，

which was extremely difficult.

但这也是极其困难的一件事。

Ivan was 11 years old,

伊万11岁的时候，

and he went for treatment in a neighborhood near our house.

他到我们邻里的一家诊所接受治疗，

One afternoon, while I was waiting for him,

一天下午 当我正在等他的时候，

I went into a greengrocer,

我走进了一家绿色食品店，

a typical neighborhood store with a little bit of everything.

就是那种街头常见的 什么都有的小店。

While doing the shopping,

当我选购商品的时候，

I started talking to Jose, the owner.

我就开始和店主侯赛聊起天来

I told him about Ivan,

我跟他说了关于伊万的事情，

that he had autism,

关于他患有自闭症，

and that I wanted him to learn to walk down the street by himself,

还有我希望他能够独自走过这条街，

without anyone holding his hand.

不需要谁去牵着他的手。

So I decided to ask Jose if Thursdays around 2pm,

所以我决定询问侯赛，是否 能让伊万每周四下午两点左右

Ivan could come and help him arrange the water bottles on the shelves,

来这里帮他整理货架上面的矿泉水瓶

because he loved to organize things.

因为他很喜欢整理东西。

And as a reward, he could buy some chocolate cookies,

作为回报，他会买一些巧克力曲奇，

which were his favorite.

这也是他最喜欢的东西。

He said "yes" right away.

侯赛当时就答应了。

So that's how it went for a year:

所以，在这之后的一年当中

Ivan would go to Jose's greengrocer,

伊万就会去侯赛的小店，

help him arrange the shelves of water bottles

帮他整理货架上的水瓶

with the labels perfectly lined up on the same side,

所有的标签都完美朝向同一侧，

and he would leave happy with his chocolate cookies.

然后他就会很高兴的 带着他的巧克力曲奇离开。

Jose is not an expert in autism.

侯赛并不是自闭症方面的专家。

There is no need to be an expert

他也不需要是专家，

nor do anything heroic to include someone.

做这样的事情也不需要 人们的任何英勇献身。

We just need to be there --

我们需要做的仅仅是在那儿。

(Applause)

（掌声）

(Applause ends)

Really, no heroic deed --

真的，这不是什么英勇的行为，

we simply need to be close.

我们需要的只是靠近一点。

And if we are afraid of something

当我们害怕一件事物，

or we don't understand something,

或是不了解一件事物的时候，

we need to ask.

我们需要的是大胆提问。

Let's be curious

让我们变得好奇，

but never indifferent.

而不是冷漠。

Let's have the courage to look each other in the eye,

让我们鼓起勇气看向彼此的眼睛，

because by looking,

因为只有当我们看了，

we can open a whole world to someone else.

我们才能打开他们的完整世界。

(Applause)

（掌声）

(Cheers)

（欢呼）