Nathalie Cabrol: How Mars might hold the secret to the origin of life

Prevodilac: Jelena Kovačević Lektor: Ivana Korom

Well, you know, sometimes

Znate, ponekad

the most important things come in the smallest packages.

najvažnije stvari dolaze u najmanjim pakovanjima.

I am going to try to convince you, in the 15 minutes I have,

U ovih 15 minuta koje imam, pokušaću da vas ubedim

that microbes have a lot to say about questions such as,

da mikrobi mogu mnogo toga reći o pitanjima kao što je

"Are we alone?"

"Da li smo sami?"

and they can tell us more about not only life in our solar system

i mogu mnogo toga reći, ne samo o životu u našem Sunčevom sistemu,

but also maybe beyond,

već možda i izvan njega,

and this is why I am tracking them down in the most impossible places on Earth,

i to je razlog što ih pratim na neverovatna mesta na Zemlji,

in extreme environments where conditions

u ekstremnim sredinama gde ih životni uslovi

are really pushing them to the brink of survival.

dovode na sam rub preživljavanja

Actually, sometimes me too, when I'm trying to follow them too close.

zapravo, ponekad i mene isto tako, kada pokušam da im se previše približim.

But here's the thing:

Ali evo u čemu je stvar:

We are the only advanced civilization in the solar system,

mi smo jedina napredna civilizacija u Sunčevom sistemu

but that doesn't mean that there is no microbial life nearby.

ali to ne znači da u okolini nema mikrobskog života.

In fact, the planets and moons you see here

Zapravo, planete i meseci koje ovde vidite

could host life -- all of them -- and we know that,

mogli bi imati život na sebi - svi oni, i mi to znamo,

and it's a strong possibility.

i velika je verovatnoća da je tako.

And if we were going to find life on those moons and planets,

Pa ako bismo našli život na ovim mesecima i planetama,

then we would answer questions such as,

onda bismo tražili odgovor na pitanja tipa:

are we alone in the solar system?

"Jesmo li sami u Sunčevom sistemu?"

Where are we coming from?

"Odakle potičemo?"

Do we have family in the neighborhood?

"Imamo li neku porodicu u komšiluku?"

Is there life beyond our solar system?

"Ima li života izvan Sunčevog sistema?"

And we can ask all those questions because there has been a revolution

Možemo da postavimo sva ova pitanja zbog revolucije

in our understanding of what a habitable planet is,

u našem načinu shvatanja toga šta je zapravo planeta

and today, a habitable planet is a planet

i danas, naseljiva planeta je planeta

that has a zone where water can stay stable,

koja na sebi ima zonu gde voda može ostati stabilna

but to me this is a horizontal definition of habitability,

ali po meni to je horizontalna definicija naseljivosti

because it involves a distance to a star,

jer uključuje i udaljenost od zvezde,

but there is another dimension to habitability,

a postoji još jedna dimenzija naseljivosti,

and this is a vertical dimension.

a to je ta vertikalna dimenzija.

Think of it as

Mislite o njoj kao o uslovima

conditions in the subsurface of a planet where you are very far away from a sun,

ispod površine planete gde ste veoma udaljeni od Sunca

but you still have water, energy, nutrients,

ali još uvek imate vodu, energiju, nutrijente,

which for some of them means food,

što za neke od njih znači imati hranu

and a protection.

i zaštitu.

And when you look at the Earth,

Kada pogledate Zemlju,

very far away from any sunlight, deep in the ocean,

veoma daleko od bilo kakve sunčeve svetlosti, duboko u okeanu,

you have life thriving

i dalje sve vrvi od života

and it uses only chemistry for life processes.

koji koristi samo hemiju za životne procese.

So when you think of it at that point, all walls collapse.

Pa kada razmišljamo na ovakav način, sve prepreke se ruše.

You have no limitations, basically.

Praktično nema ograničenja.

And if you have been looking at the headlines lately,

I ako ste u skorije vreme gledali naslove u novinama,

then you will see that we have discovered a subsurface ocean

onda ste videli da smo otkrili podpovršinski okean

on Europa, on Ganymede, on Enceladus, on Titan,

na Evropi, Ganimedu, Enceladu, Titanu,

and now we are finding a geyser and hot springs on Enceladus,

i sada istražujemo gejzir i vrele izvore na Enceladusu.

Our solar system is turning into a giant spa.

Naš Sunčev sistem se pretvara u džinovski spa centar.

For anybody who has gone to a spa knows how much microbes like that, right?

Svi oni koji su išli u spa centar znaju koliko mikrobi to vole, zar ne?

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

So at that point, think also about Mars.

Pa na taj način, razmislimo i o Marsu.

There is no life possible at the surface of Mars today,

Život na Marsu nije moguć danas,

but it might still be hiding underground.

ali moguće je da se on krije ispod njegove površine.

So, we have been making progress in our understanding of habitability,

Dakle, napredovali smo u našem razumevanju naseljivosti,

but we also have been making progress in our understanding

ali smo isto tako napredovali u našem razumevanju

of what the signatures of life are on Earth.

i toga šta predstavlja život na Zemlji.

And you can have what we call organic molecules,

Imamo ono što nazivamo organskim molekulima,

and these are the bricks of life,

i oni su temelji života,

and you can have fossils,

imamo fosile,

and you can minerals, biominerals,

minerale, biominerale,

which is due to the reaction between bacteria and rocks,

koji nastaju u reakciji između bakterija i stena,

and of course you can have gases in the atmosphere.

i naravno, imamo gasove u atmosferi.

And when you look at those tiny green algae

I ove sićušne zelene alge

on the right of the slide here,

ovde, na desnoj strani stene,

they are the direct descendants of those who have been pumping oxygen

one su direktni potomci onih koje su pumpale kiseonik

a billion years ago in the atmosphere of the Earth.

milijardu godina ranije u Zemljinu atmosferu.

When they did that, they poisoned 90 percent of the life

Kada su to radile, one su otrovale 90 odsto života

at the surface of the Earth,

na Zemljinoj površini,

but they are the reason why you are breathing this air today.

ali one su razlog zašto danas udišemo ovakav vazduh.

But as much as our understanding grows of all of these things,

Ali iako naše razumevanje o svim ovim stvarima raste,

there is one question we still cannot answer,

postoji jedno pitanje na koje još uvek nemamo odgovor,

and this is, where are we coming from?

a to je - odakle potičemo?

And you know, it's getting worse,

Kao što znate, postaje još teže,

because we won't be able to find the physical evidence

jer nećemo moći da nađemo fizičke dokaze

of where we are coming from on this planet,

o našem poreklu na ovoj planeti,

and the reason being is that anything that is older than four billion years is gone.

a razlog je taj što je sve što je starije od četiri milijarde godina izgubljeno.

All record is gone,

Svi podaci su izgubljeni,

erased by plate tectonics and erosion.

izbrisali su ih tektonika ploča i erozija.

This is what I call the Earth's biological horizon.

Ovo je ono što ja nazivam bilološkim horizontom.

Beyond this horizon we don't know where we are coming from.

Van ovog horizonta, ne znamo odakle dolazimo.

So is everything lost? Well, maybe not.

Pa je li sve izgubljeno? Možda i nije.

And we might be able to find evidence of our own origin

Možda bismo i mogli naći dokaze o našem poreklu

in the most unlikely place, and this place in Mars.

na neočekivanim mestima, a takvo mesto je Mars.

How is this possible?

Kako je to moguće?

Well clearly at the beginning of the solar system,

Pa, očigledno na početku Sunčevog sistema,

Mars and the Earth were bombarded by giant asteroids and comets,

Mars i Zemlja su bombardovani ogromnim asteroidima i kometama,

and there were ejecta from these impacts all over the place.

i ostaci ovih udara su bili svuda naokolo.

Earth and Mars kept throwing rocks at each other for a very long time.

Zemlja i Mars su još dugo nastavili da se gađaju stenama.

Pieces of rocks landed on the Earth.

Delovi stena su sleteli na Zemlju.

Pieces of the Earth landed on Mars.

Delovi Zemlje su sleteli na Mars.

So clearly, those two planets may have been seeded by the same material.

Očigledno, na ove dve planete moglo je biti posejano seme istog materijala.

So yeah, maybe Granddady is sitting there on the surface and waiting for us.

Stoga, da, možda je neki predak sedeo ovde na ovoj površini i čekao nas.

But that also means that we can go to Mars and try to find traces of our own origin.

Ali to znači i da možemo otići na Mars i probati da nađemo tragove našeg porekla.

Mars may hold that secret for us.

Mars možda skriva tu tajnu.

This is why Mars is so special to us.

To je razlog što nam je Mars tako poseban.

But for that to happen,

Ali da bi se to dogodilo,

Mars needed to be habitable at the time when conditions were right.

Mars je morao da bude naseljiv u vreme kada su uslovi bili ispunjeni.

So was Mars habitable?

Pa da li je Mars bio naseljiv?

We have a number of missions telling us exactly the same thing today.

Veliki broj misija na Marsu nam danas pokazuje istu stvar.

At the time when life appeared on the Earth,

U vreme kada se život na Zemlji pojavio,

Mars did have an ocean, it had volcanoes, it had lakes,

Mars je imao okeane, vulkane, jezera,

and it had deltas like the beautiful picture you see here.

i delte kao na ovoj lepoj slici koju vidite ovde.

This picture was sent by the Curiosity rover only a few weeks ago.

Ovu sliku je poslao rover Kjuriositi pre samo nekoliko nedelja.

It shows the remnants of a delta, and this picture tells us something:

Ona pokazuje ostatke delte, i ona nam nešto govori:

water was abundant

vode je bilo u izoblju

and stayed founting at the surface for a very long time.

i prekrivala je njegovu površinu veoma dugo.

This is good news for life.

Ovo su dobre vesti za život.

Life chemistry takes a long time to actually happen.

Hemiji života potrebno je mnogo vremena da proradi.

So this is extremely good news,

Ovo su dakle jako dobre vesti,

but does that mean that if we go there, life will be easy to find on Mars?

ali znači li to da ćemo lako naći život na Marsu ako odemo tamo?

Not necessarily.

Ne obavezno.

Here's what happened:

Evo šta se dogodilo:

At the time when life exploded at the surface of the Earth,

u vreme kada je život probujao na površini Zemlje,

then everything went south for Mars,

na Marsu je sve pošlo naopako,

literally.

bukvalno.

The atmosphere was stripped away by solar winds,

Atmosfera je oduvana solarnim vetrovima,

Mars lost its magnetosphere,

Mars je izgubio svoju magnetosferu,

and then cosmic rays and U.V. bombarded the surface

a zatim su kosmičko zračenje i UV zraci bombardovali površinu,

and water escaped to space and went underground.

a voda je pobegla u atmosferu i otišla ispod površine.

So if we want to be able to understand,

Tako, ako želimo da razumemo,

if we want to be able to find those traces of the signatures of life

ako želimo da nađemo te tragove života

at the surface of Mars, if they are there,

na površini Marsa, ako su tamo,

we need to understand what was the impact of each of these events

moramo da razumemo kakav je bio uticaj svih ovih dešavanja

on the preservation of its record.

na očuvanje tih dokaza.

Only then will we be able to know where those signatures are hiding,

Samo tako ćemo moći da znamo gde se ti tragovi kriju,

and only then will we be able to send our rover to the right places

i samo tako ćemo moći da pošaljemo rover na prava mesta

where we can sample those rocks that may be telling us something

gde može sakupljati stene koje nam možda mogu reći nešto

really important about who we are,

zaista važno o tome ko smo mi,

or, if not, maybe telling us that somewhere, independently,

ili, ako ne, možda nam reći da se negde, nezavisno od nas,

life has appeared on another planet.

život pojavio na drugoj planeti.

So to do that, it's easy.

Lako je to uraditi.

You only need to go back 3.5 billion years ago

Samo treba otići 3,5 milijarde godina unazad

in the past of a planet.

u prošlost planete.

We just need a time machine.

Samo nam treba vremeska mašina.

Easy, right?

Lako, zar ne?

Well, actually, it is.

Pa, zapravo, i jeste.

Look around you -- that's planet Earth.

Pogledajte oko sebe - to je planeta Zemlja.

This is our time machine.

To je naša vremenska mašina.

Geologists are using it to go back in the past of our own planet.

Geolozi je koriste da se vrate u prošlost naše planete.

I am using it a little bit differently.

Ja je koristim malo drugačije.

I use planet Earth to go in very extreme environments

Koristim planetu Zemlju da idem u veoma ekstremna okruženja

where conditions were similar to those of Mars

gde su uslovi slični onima koji su bili na Marsu

at the time when the climate changed,

u vreme kada se klima menjala,

and there I'm trying to understand what happened.

i tamo pokušavam da razumem šta se dogodilo.

What are the signatures of life?

Koji su to znakovi života?

What is left? How are we going to find it?

Šta je ostalo? Kako to pronaći?

So for one moment now I'm going to take you with me

Sada ću vas nakratko povesti sa sobom

on a trip into that time machine.

na putovanje tom vremenskom mašinom.

And now, what you see here, we are at 4,500 meters in the Andes,

I sada, ovo što vidite, mi smo 4 500 metara visoko na Andima

but in fact we are less than a billion years after the Earth and Mars formed.

ali smo zapravo u dobu od manje od milijardu godina

nakon nastanka Zemlje i Marsa.

The Earth and Mars will have looked pretty much exactly like that --

Zemlja i Mars bi izgledali prilično slično ovome -

volcanoes everywhere, evaporating lakes everywhere,

svuda naokolo vuklani, svuda naokolo jezera isparavaju,

minerals, hot springs,

minerali, vreli izvori,

and then you see those mounds on the shore of those lakes?

i vidite li ove nasipe na obalama jezera?

Those are built by the descendants of the first organisms

Njih su stvorili potomci prvih organizama

that gave us the first fossil on Earth.

koji su nam dali prve fosile na Zemlji.

But if we want to understand what's going on, we need to go a little further.

Ali ako želimo da razumemo šta se događa, moramo da idemo malo dalje.

And the other thing about those sites

Još jedna zanimljiva osobina ovih mesta

is that exactly like on Mars three and a half billion years ago,

je sto što se ovde, baš kao i na Marsu pre tri i po milijarde godina

the climate is changing very fast, and water and ice are disappearing.

klima menjala veoma brzo, i voda i led su nestajali.

But we need to go back to that time when everything changed on Mars,

Ali moramo da se vratimo unazad u to vreme kada se sve na Marsu promenilo,

and to do that, we need to go higher.

i da bismo to uradili, moramo da se popnemo još više.

Why is that?

Zašto?

Because when you go higher,

Jer kada se penjemo više,

the atmosphere is getting thinner, it's getting more unstable,

atmosfera se stanjuje, postaje nestabilnija,

the temperature is getting cooler, and you have a lot more U.V. radiation.

temperatura je hladnija, i ima više UV zračenja.

Basically,

U suštini,

you are getting to those conditions on Mars when everything changed.

približavamo se onim uslovima na Marsu kada se sve menjalo.

So I was not promising anything about a leisurely trip on the time machine.

Pa, nisam obećala lagodno putovanje ovom vremenskom mašinom.

You are not going to be sitting in that time machine.

Nećete samo sedeti u njoj.

You have to haul 1,000 pounds of equipment to the summit

Morate vući 450 kg opreme do vrha

of this 20,000-foot volcano in the Andes here.

ovog vulkana na Andima visokog 20 000 stopa.

That's about 6,000 meters.

To je oko 6000 metara.

And you also have to sleep on 42-degree slopes

Takođe morate da spavate na padini pod uglom od 42 stepena,

and really hope that there won't be any earthquake that night.

i nadate se da neće biti nikakvih zemljotresa preko noći.

But when we get to the summit, we actually find the lake we came for.

Ali kada stignemo do vrha, naći ćemo jezero koje tražimo.

At this altitude, this lake is experiencing exactly the same conditions

Na ovoj visini, ovo jezero se nalazi u istim uslovima

as those on Mars three and a half billion years ago.

kao što su bili oni na Marsu tri i po milijarde godina ranije.

And now we have to change our voyage

I sada moramo da menjamo ovo naše putovanje

into an inner voyage inside that lake,

u putovanje u unutrašnjost ovog jezera,

and to do that, we have to remove our mountain gear

i da bismo to uradili, moramo da uklonimo planinsku opremu,

and actually don suits and go for it.

navučemo odela i idemo.

But at the time we enter that lake, at the very moment we enter that lake,

Ali kada uđemo u jezero, baš u trenutku kada zaronimo unutar,

we are stepping back

vraćamo se unazad

three and a half billion years in the past of another planet,

tri i po milijarde godina u prošlost neke druge planete,

and then we are going to get the answer came for.

i tada ćemo dobiti odgovor po koji smo došli.

Life is everywhere, absolutely everywhere.

Života ima svuda, baš svuda.

Everything you see in this picture is a living organism.

Sve što na ovoj slici vidite je neki živi organizam.

Maybe not so the diver, but everything else.

Možda ne treba da računamo ronioca, ali sve ostalo, da.

But this picture is very deceiving.

Ali ova slika je veoma obmanjujuća.

Life is abundant in those lakes,

Života ima u izoblju u ovim jezerima,

but like in many places on Earth right now and due to climate change,

ali kao na većini mesta na Zemlji danas, zbog klimatskih promena,

there is a huge loss in biodiversity.

i ovde dolazi do ogromnog smanjenja biodiverziteta.

In the samples that we took back home,

U uzorcima koje smo odneli,

36 percent of the bacteria in those lakes were composed of three species,

36 odsto bakterija iz ovih jezera sastojalo se od tri vrste,

and those three species are the ones that have survived so far.

i te tri vrste su one koje su tako dugo preživele.

Here's another lake, right next to the first one.

Evo ga još jedno jezero, odmah pored prvog.

The red color you see here is not due to minerals.

Crvena boja koju vidite ne potiče od minerala.

It's actually due to the presence of a tiny algae.

Ona je zapravo ovakva zbog prisustva sićušnih algi.

In this region, the U.V. radiation is really nasty.

U ovoj oblasti, UV zračenje je jako gadno.

Anywhere on Earth, 11 is considered to be extreme.

Bilo gde na Zemlji, 11 se smatra ekstremnim.

During U.V. storms there, the U.V. Index reaches 43.

Tokom UV oluja ovde, UV indeks dostiže 43.

SPF 30 is not going to do anything to you over there,

Faktor zaštite 30 neće vam ovde ništa pomoći.

and the water is so transparent in those lakes

Voda je tako prozirna u ovim jezerima

that the algae has nowhere to hide, really,

da alge bukvalno nemaju gde da se sakriju,

and so they are developing their own sunscreen,

pa su razvile svoju sopstvenu kremu za sunčanje,

and this is the red color you see.

i to je ova crvena boja koju vidite.

But they can adapt only so far,

Ali one mogu da se prilagode samo donekle,

and then when all the water is gone from the surface,

i kada sva voda nestane sa površine,

microbes have only one solution left:

mikrobima preostaje samo jedno rešenje:

They go underground.

da idu ispod površine.

And those microbes, the rocks you see in that slide here,

I ovi mikrobi, stene koje vidite na ovom slajdu,

well, they are actually living inside rocks

pa, mikrobi zapravo žive unutar tih stena

and they are using the protection of the translucence of the rocks

i od njih koriste zaštitu od prozračnosti

to get the good part of the U.V.

da bi dobili dobar deo UV zraka

and discard the part that could actually damage their DNA.

i odbacili deo koji zapravo može da ošteti DNK.

And this is why we are taking our rover

To je razlog što koristimo rovere

to train them to search for life on Mars in these areas,

i treniramo ih da traže život na Marsu u ovakvim oblastima,

because if there was life on Mars three and a half billion years ago,

jer ako je bilo života na Marsu tri i po milijarde godina ranije,

it had to use the same strategy to actually protect itself.

morao je da se koristi istom strategijom da bi se zaštitio.

Now, it is pretty obvious

Sada, prilično je očigledno

that going to extreme environments is helping us very much

da nam odlazak u ekstremna životna okruženja dosta pomaže

for the exploration of Mars and to prepare missions.

u istraživanju Marsa, i u pripremama misija.

So far, it has helped us to understand the geology of Mars.

Za sada, pomogao nam je da razumemo geologiju Marsa.

It has helped to understand the past climate of Mars and its evolution,

Pomogao nam je da razumemo prošlost klime na Marsu i njegovu evoluciju,

but also its habitability potential.

ali i njegov potencijal za naseljivost.

Our most recent rover on Mars has discovered traces of organics.

Naš poslednji rover je na Marsu otkrio tragove organskih materija.

Yeah, there are organics at the surface of Mars.

Da, organske materije postoje na površini Marsa.

And it also discovered traces of methane.

Takođe je otkrio tragove metana.

And we don't know yet if the methane in question

I mi još uvek ne znamo da li je taj metan

is really from geology or biology.

zapravo pitanje za biologiju ili geologiju.

Regardless, what we know is that because of the discovery,

Bez obzira na to, ono što znamo je da zahvaljujući tom otkriću,

the hypothesis that there is still life present on Mars today

hipoteza da na Marsu i dalje ima života

remains a viable one.

ostaje održiva.

So by now, I think I have convinced you that Mars is very special to us,

Pa mislim da sam vas do sada ubedila da nam je Mars veoma poseban,

but it would be a mistake to think that Mars is the only place

ali bilo bi pogrešno misliti da je Mars jedino mesto

in the solar system that is interesting to find potential microbial life.

u Sunčevom sistemu zanimljivo za traženje potencijalnog mikrobskog života.

And the reason is because Mars and the Earth

A razlog za to je taj što Mars i Zemlja

could have a common root to their tree of life,

mogu imati zajednički koren njihovog drveta života,

but when you go beyond Mars, it's not that easy.

ali kada se udaljavamo od Marsa, to ne ide tako lako.

Celestial mechanics is not making it so easy

Nebeska mehanika nam baš i ne olakšava

for an exchange of material between planets,

razmenu materijala između planeta,

and so if we were to discover life on those planets,

i ako bismo otkrili život na tim planetama,

it would be different from us.

on bi bio drugačiji od našeg.

It would be a different type of life.

Bio bi to drugačiji tip života.

But in the end, it might be just us,

Ali na kraju, može biti da smo tu samo mi,

it might be us and Mars,

može biti da smo tu mi i Mars,

or it can be many trees of life in the solar system.

a može biti i da postoji mnogo drveća života u sunčevom sistemu.

I don't know the answer yet, but I can tell you something:

Ne znam još uvek odgovor na ovo, ali mogu vam nešto reći:

No matter what the result is, no matter what that magic number is,

koji god da je rezultat, koji god da je taj magični broj,

it is going to give us a standard

on će nam dati standard

by which we are going to be able to measure the life potential,

prema kojem će biti moguće izmeriti životni potencijal,

abundance and diversity beyond our own solar system.

obilje i različitost van granica našeg Sunčevog sistema.

And this can be achieved by our generation.

I ovo se može postići u našoj generaciji.

This can be our legacy, but only if we dare to explore.

To može biti naša zaostavština, ali samo ako budemo istraživali.

Now, finally,

Sada, konačno,

if somebody tells you that looking for alien microbes is not cool

ako bi vam neko rekao da traženje vanzemaljskih mikroba nije kul

because you cannot have a philosophical conversation with them,

jer ne možemo sa njima uspostaviti filozofski razgovor,

let me show you why and how you can tell them they're wrong.

dopustite da vam pokažem zašto i kako biste im mogli reći da nisu u pravu.

Well, organic material is going to tell you

Pa, organski materijali će vam govoriti

about environment, about complexity and about diversity.

o okruženju, o složenosti i o različitosti.

DNA, or any information carrier, is going to tell you about adaptation,

DNK, ili bilo koji nosilac informacija, govoriće o prilagođavanju

about evolution, about survival, about planetary changes

o evoluciji, o preživljavanju, o promenama na planeti

and about the transfer of information.

i o prenosu informacija.

All together, they are telling us

Sve zajedno, govore nam o onome

what started as a microbial pathway,

što je počelo kao put mikroba,

and why what started as a microbial pathway

i zašto je počelo baš tako,

sometimes ends up as a civilization

ponekad vodeći do civilizacije,

or sometimes ends up as a dead end.

a ponekad vodeći do ćorsokaka.

Look at the solar system, and look at the Earth.

Pogledajte naš Sunčev sistem, i pogledajte Zemlju.

On Earth, there are many intelligent species,

Na Zemlji, postoje mnoge inteligentne vrste,

but only one has achieved technology.

ali samo je jedna dostigla tehnologiju.

Right here in the journey of our own solar system,

Sada u ovom putovanju kroz naš Sunčev sistem,

there is a very, very powerful message

nalazimo jednu veoma snažnu poruku

that says here's how we should look for alien life, small and big.

koja kaže kako bi trebalo da tražimo vanzemaljski život, i mali i veliki.

So yeah, microbes are talking and we are listening,

I da, mikrobi mogu da govore, a mi slušamo,

and they are taking us,

i oni nas vode

one planet at a time and one moon at a time,

od planete do planete, od meseca do meseca,

towards their big brothers out there.

tamo negde, do njihove velike braće.

And they are telling us about diversity,

Oni nam govore i o raznovrsnosti,

they are telling us about abundance of life,

govore nam o obilju života,

and they are telling us how this life has survived thus far

i govore nam o tome kako se život ovako dugo održao

to reach civilization,

da bi dostigao civilizaciju,

intelligence, technology and, indeed, philosophy.

inteligenciju, tehnologiju, i zaista, filozofiju.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)