Greg Asner: Ecology from the air

Prevodilac: Maja Budišin Lukin Lektor: Mile Živković

Technology can change our understanding of nature.

Tehnologija može da promeni naše razumevanje prirode.

Take for example the case of lions.

Uzmimo primer lavova.

For centuries, it's been said that female lions

Vekovima se govorilo da lavice

do all of the hunting out in the open savanna,

obavljaju sav lov u savanama na otvorenom,

and male lions do nothing until it's time for dinner.

a da lavovi ne rade ništa dok ne dođe vreme večere.

You've heard this too, I can tell.

Rekao bih da ste to i vi čuli.

Well recently, I led an airborne mapping campaign

Nedavno sam vodio kampanju vazdušnog mapiranja

in the Kruger National Park in South Africa.

u nacionalnom parku Kruger u Južnoj Africi.

Our colleagues put GPS tracking collars

Naše kolege su stavile GPS ogrlice za praćenje

on male and female lions,

lavicama i lavovima

and we mapped their hunting behavior

i preslikali smo njihovo ponašanje

from the air.

pri lovu iz vazduha.

The lower left shows a lion sizing up

Dole levo je prikazan lav koji osmatra

a herd of impala for a kill,

krdo impala za ulov,

and the right shows what I call

a desno je prikazano ono što nazivam

the lion viewshed.

lavljim vidokrugom,

That's how far the lion can see in all directions

ili koliko lav vidi u svim pravcima

until his or her view is obstructed by vegetation.

dok njemu ili njoj zelenilo ne zakloni pogled.

And what we found

Otkrili smo

is that male lions are not the lazy hunters

da lavovi mužjaci nisu lenji lovci

we thought them to be.

kao što smo mislili.

They just use a different strategy.

Oni samo koriste različitu strategiju.

Whereas the female lions hunt

Dok lavice love

out in the open savanna

u savani na otvorenom,

over long distances, usually during the day,

na dugim relacijama, obično tokom dana,

male lions use an ambush strategy

lavovi se služe strategijom zasede

in dense vegetation, and often at night.

u gustoj vegetaciji i to često noću.

This video shows the actual hunting viewsheds

Ovaj video prikazuje stvarni vidokrug pri lovu

of male lions on the left

lavova na levoj strani

and females on the right.

i lavica na desnoj.

Red and darker colors show more dense vegetation,

Crvene i tamnije boje prikazuju bujniju vegetaciju,

and the white are wide open spaces.

a bele otvorena prostranstva.

And this is the viewshed right literally at the eye level

To je stvarno pogled u ravni očiju

of hunting male and female lions.

lavova i lavica dok love.

All of a sudden, you get a very clear understanding

Odjednom su vam sasvim razumljivi

of the very spooky conditions under which

jezivi uslovi u kojima

male lions do their hunting.

lavovi love.

I bring up this example to begin,

Iznosim ovaj primer za početak,

because it emphasizes how little we know about nature.

da bih naglasio koliko malo znamo o prirodi.

There's been a huge amount of work done so far

Do sada je mnogo učinjeno

to try to slow down our losses of tropical forests,

na pokušaju usporavanja gubitaka tropskih šuma,

and we are losing our forests at a rapid rate,

no gubimo ih velikom brzinom,

as shown in red on the slide.

kao što je prikazano crvenom bojom na slajdu.

I find it ironic that we're doing so much,

Čini mi se ironično da toliko radimo,

yet these areas are fairly unknown to science.

a da su ipak ta područja prilično nepoznata nauci.

So how can we save what we don't understand?

Kako možemo da spasemo ono što ne razumemo?

Now I'm a global ecologist and an Earth explorer

Ja sam globalni ekolog i istraživač Zemlje

with a background in physics and chemistry

sa temeljima u fizici, hemiji

and biology and a lot of other boring subjects,

biologiji i mnogim drugim dosadnim predmetima,

but above all, I'm obsessed with what we don't know

ali sam pre svega, opsednut onim što ne znamo

about our planet.

o našoj planeti.

So I created this,

Tako sam stvorio ovo,

the Carnegie Airborne Observatory, or CAO.

Vazdušnu Karnegi opservatoriju, ili VKO.

It may look like a plane with a fancy paint job,

Možda izgleda kao avion sa elegantnim bojama,

but I packed it with over 1,000 kilos

ali opremio sam ga sa više od 1.000 kg

of high-tech sensors, computers,

visoko tehnoloških senzora, kompjutera

and a very motivated staff

i vrlo motivisanom posadom,

of Earth scientists and pilots.

od stručnjaka za Zemlju do pilota.

Two of our instruments are very unique:

Dva naša instrumenata su jedinstvena:

one is called an imaging spectrometer

jedan se zove spektrometar za snimanje

that can actually measure the chemical composition

koji može da meri hemijski sastav

of plants as we fly over them.

biljaka dok ih nadlećemo.

Another one is a set of lasers,

Drugi je skup lasera

very high-powered lasers,

vrlo visoke moći

that fire out of the bottom of the plane,

koji deluju sa dna aviona,

sweeping across the ecosystem

brišući po ekosistemima

and measuring it at nearly 500,000 times per second

i mereći približno 500.000 puta u sekundi

in high-resolution 3D.

u visokoj 3D rezoluciji.

Here's an image of the Golden Gate Bridge

Evo snimka mosta Golden Gejt

in San Francisco, not far from where I live.

u San Francisku, nedaleko od mesta gde živim.

Although we flew straight over this bridge,

Iako smo preleteli tačno preko ovog mosta,

we imaged it in 3D, captured its color

snimili smo ga u 3D i ulovili mu boju

in just a few seconds.

u samo nekoliko sekundi.

But the real power of the CAO

No, stvarna moć VKO

is its ability to capture the actual building blocks

je u sposobnosti da snimi stvarne gradivne materijale

of ecosystems.

ekosistema.

This is a small town in the Amazon,

Ovo je mali grad u Amazoniji,

imaged with the CAO.

snimljen sa VKO.

We can slice through our data

Možemo rezati naše podatke

and see, for example, the 3D structure

i videti, na primer, 3D strukture

of the vegetation and the buildings,

vegetacije i zgrada

or we can use the chemical information

ili možemo koristiti hemijske informacije

to actually figure out how fast the plants are growing

da odredimo koliko brzo biljke rastu,

as we fly over them.

dok ih prelećemo.

The hottest pinks are the fastest-growing plants.

Najtoplije roza boje su najbrže rastuće biljke.

And we can see biodiversity in ways

Možemo da vidimo biološku raznovrsnost

that you never could have imagined.

na načine na koje ne biste mogli ni zamisliti.

This is what a rainforest might look like

Ovako bi prašuma izgledala

as you fly over it in a hot air balloon.

kada biste je preletali u balonu.

This is how we see a rainforest,

Ovo je kako mi vidimo prašumu,

in kaleidoscopic color that tells us

u kaleidoskopskoj boji koja nam govori

that there are many species living with one another.

da postoje mnoge vrste koje žive jedne s drugima.

But you have to remember that these trees

Ipak zapamtite da su ova stabla

are literally bigger than whales,

bukvalno veća od kitova,

and what that means is that they're impossible to understand

što znači da ih je nemoguće razumeti

just by walking on the ground below them.

šetajući se ispod njih na tlu.

So our imagery is 3D, it's chemical, it's biological,

Dakle, naša 3D slika je hemijska, biološka,

and this tells us not only the species

a to nam govori ne samo o vrstama

that are living in the canopy,

koje žive u krošnjama,

but it tells us a lot of information

već nam daje i mnoge informacije

about the rest of the species that occupy the rainforest.

o ostalim vrstama koje su u prašumi.

Now I created the CAO

Stvorio sam VKO

in order to answer questions that have proven

da bih odgovorio na pitanja koja su se pokazala

extremely challenging to answer from any other vantage point,

izuzetno zahtevnim sa bilo koje druge točke gledišta,

such as from the ground, or from satellite sensors.

sa recimo zemlje ili satelitskog senzora.

I want to share three of those questions with you today.

Danas želim da podelim sa vama tri pitanja.

The first questions is,

Prvo pitanje je -

how do we manage our carbon reserves

kako upravljamo našim rezervama ugljenika

in tropical forests?

u tropskim šumama?

Tropical forests contain a huge amount of carbon in the trees,

Tropske šume sadrže veliku količinu ugljenika u drveću,

and we need to keep that carbon in those forests

a ugljenik moramo zadržati u tim šumama

if we're going to avoid any further global warming.

ako hoćemo da izbegnemo dalje globalno zagrevanje.

Unfortunately, global carbon emissions

Globalne emisije ugljenika su nažalost,

from deforestation

zbog krčenja šuma,

now equals the global transportation sector.

sada jednake globalnom transportnom sektoru.

That's all ships, airplanes, trains and automobiles combined.

Tu spadaju svi brodovi, avioni, vozovi i automobili zajedno.

So it's understandable that policy negotiators

Zato je razumljivo da su politički pregovarači

have been working hard to reduce deforestation,

naporno radili da smanje krčenje šuma,

but they're doing it on landscapes

ali u predelima

that are hardly known to science.

jedva poznatim nauci.

If you don't know where the carbon is exactly,

Ako ne znate gde je ugljenik tačno,

in detail, how can you know what you're losing?

do detalja, kako možete znati šta gubite?

Basically, we need a high-tech accounting system.

Uglavnom, treba nam visoko tehnološki knjigovodstveni sistem.

With our system, we're able to see the carbon stocks

U okviru našeg sistema možemo da vidimo zalihe ugljenika

of tropical forests in utter detail.

tropskih šuma do detalja.

The red shows, obviously, closed-canopy tropical forest,

Crveno očito pokazuje zatvorene krošnje tropskih šuma

and then you see the cookie cutting,

i onda vidite prerez

or the cutting of the forest in yellows and greens.

ili rezanje šume u žutim i zelenim bojama.

It's like cutting a cake except this cake

To je kao rezanje torte, osim što je ova torta

is about whale deep.

duboka kao jedan kit.

And yet, we can zoom in and see the forest

A ipak, možemo da zumiramo i da vidimo šumu

and the trees at the same time.

i drveće istovremeno.

And what's amazing is, even though we flew

Neverovatno je da iako smo leteli

very high above this forest,

vrlo visoko iznad ove šume,

later on in analysis, we can go in

kasnije u analizi, možemo ući

and actually experience the treetrops,

i zapravo doživeti krošnje,

leaf by leaf, branch by branch,

list po list, granu po granu,

just as the other species that live in this forest

baš kao i ostale vrste koje žive u ovoj šumi

experience it along with the trees themselves.

mogu da ih dožive zajedno s drvećem.

We've been using the technology to explore

Koristimo tehnologiju da istražimo

and to actually put out the first carbon geographies

i da zapravo postavimo prvi ugljenikov zemljopis

in high resolution

u visokoj rezoluciji

in faraway places like the Amazon Basin

u udaljenim mestima kao što je amazonski basen

and not-so-faraway places like the United States

i ne tako udaljenim mestima kao što su SAD

and Central America.

i Srednja Amerika.

What I'm going to do is I'm going to take you on a high-resolution, first-time tour

Odvešću vas na prvu turneju u visokoj rezoluciji

of the carbon landscapes of Peru and then Panama.

ugljenikovih predela Perua i zatim Paname.

The colors are going to be going from red to blue.

Boje će se menjati od crvene do plave.

Red is extremely high carbon stocks,

Crvena je izuzetno visoka zaliha ugljenika,

your largest cathedral forests you can imagine,

vaša najveća šumska katedrala koju možete zamisliti,

and blue are very low carbon stocks.

a plava je vrlo niska zaliha ugljenika.

And let me tell you, Peru alone is an amazing place,

I reći ću vam da je Peru neverovatno mesto,

totally unknown in terms of its carbon geography

potpuno nepoznato u smislu ugljenikove geografije

until today.

do danas.

We can fly to this area in northern Peru

Možemo da odletimo do područja na severu Perua

and see super high carbon stocks in red,

i da vidimo veoma visoke zalihe ugljenika crvene boje,

and the Amazon River and floodplain

i reku Amazon sa plavnom ravnicom

cutting right through it.

kako se useca kroz njega.

We can go to an area of utter devastation

Možemo ići do predela potpunog uništenja

caused by deforestation in blue,

izazvanog krčenjem šuma, u plavoj boji,

and the virus of deforestation spreading out in orange.

a virus krčenja šuma se širi u narandžastoj.

We can also fly to the southern Andes

Možemo odleteti na jug Anda

to see the tree line and see exactly how

gde vidimo liniju drveća i tačno kako

the carbon geography ends

se zemljopis ugljenika završava

as we go up into the mountain system.

ako se popnemo gore u planinski sistem.

And we can go to the biggest swamp in the western Amazon.

A možemo i da odemo do najveće močvare u zapadnoj Amazoniji.

It's a watery dreamworld

To je vodenasta zemlja snova

akin to Jim Cameron's "Avatar."

nalik na "Avatar" Džejmsa Kamerona.

We can go to one of the smallest tropical countries,

Možemo da odemo i u jednu od najmanjih tropskih zemalja,

Panama, and see also a huge range

Panamu i da vidimo ogroman raspon

of carbon variation,

ugljenikovih varijacija,

from high in red to low in blue.

od visokog u crvenoj do niskog u plavoj boji.

Unfortunately, most of the carbon is lost in the lowlands,

Nažalost, većina ugljenika se gubi u nizijama,

but what you see that's left,

a ono što vidite da je ostalo

in terms of high carbon stocks in greens and reds,

od visokih zaliha ugljenika u zelenom i crvenom,

is the stuff that's up in the mountains.

to je, u stvari, gore u planinama.

One interesting exception to this

Od toga je zanimljiv izuzetak

is right in the middle of your screen.

tačno u sredini ekrana.

You're seeing the buffer zone around the Panama Canal.

Vidite tampon zonu oko Panamskog kanala,

That's in the reds and yellows.

u crvenoj i žutoj boji.

The canal authorities are using force

Vlasti kanala koriste silu

to protect their watershed and global commerce.

da bi zaštitili svoj rečni sliv i globalno poslovanje.

This kind of carbon mapping

Ova vrsta mapiranja ugljenika

has transformed conservation

je transformisala konzervaciju

and resource policy development.

i razvojnu politiku resursa

It's really advancing our ability to save forests

To je stvarno napredak naših mogućnosti u spasavanju šuma

and to curb climate change.

i u zaustavljanju klimatskih promena.

My second question: How do we prepare for climate change

Moje drugo pitanje: kako se pripremamo za klimatske promene

in a place like the Amazon rainforest?

u mestu kao što su amazonske prašume?

Let me tell you, I spend a lot of time

Znajte da sam proveo mnogo vremena

in these places, and we're seeing the climate changing already.

u tim mestima, i da već opažamo promene klime.

Temperatures are increasing,

Temperature su u porastu,

and what's really happening is we're getting a lot of droughts,

i svedoci smo mnogih suša,

recurring droughts.

koje se ponavljaju.

The 2010 mega-drought is shown here

Ovde je crvenim označena mega-suša iz 2010.

with red showing an area about the size of Western Europe.

prikazujući predeo veličine zapadne Evrope.

The Amazon was so dry in 2010

2010. je Amazon toliko presušio

that even the main stem of the Amazon river itself

da se čak i sam glavni tok reke Amazon

dried up partially, as you see in the photo

delimično presušio, kao što vidite na fotografiji

in the lower portion of the slide.

u donjem delu slajda.

What we found is that in very remote areas,

Otkrili smo da u vrlo udaljenim područjima

these droughts are having a big negative impact

ove suše imaju veliki negativni uticaj

on tropical forests.

na tropske šume.

For example, these are all of the dead trees in red

Na primer, crvene boje su sve mrtva stabla

that suffered mortality following the 2010 drought.

koja su stradala posle suše 2010.

This area happens to be on the border

Ovo je područje na granici

of Peru and Brazil,

Perua i Brazila,

totally unexplored,

potpuno neistraženo,

almost totally unknown scientifically.

skoro sasvim nepoznato nauci.

So what we think, as Earth scientists,

Mislimo, kao naučnici Zemlje,

is species are going to have to migrate

da će se vrste morati seliti

with climate change from the east in Brazil

s klimatskim promenama s istoka u Brazilu

all the way west into the Andes

na zapad u Ande

and up into the mountains

i gore u planine

in order to minimize their exposure to climate change.

da bi se smanjila njihova izloženost klimatskim promenama.

One of the problems with this is that humans

Jedan od problema je to da ljudi

are taking apart the western Amazon as we speak.

rasklapaju zapadnu Amazoniju u ovom trenutku.

Look at this 100-square-kilometer gash

Pogledajte ovu posekotinu šume od 100 kvadratnih km

in the forest created by gold miners.

koju su napravili kopači zlata.

You see the forest in green in 3D,

Vidite šumu u zelenoj boji u 3D,

and you see the effects of gold mining

i videćete posledice iskopavanja zlata

down below the soil surface.

ispod zemljine površine.

Species have nowhere to migrate in a system like this, obviously.

Očito da vrste nemaju gde da se sele u sistemu kao što je ovaj.

If you haven't been to the Amazon, you should go.

Ako niste bili u Amazoniji, trebalo bi da odete.

It's an amazing experience every time,

To je svaki put neverovatno iskustvo,

no matter where you go.

bez obzira gde idete.

You're going to probably see it this way, on a river.

Verovatno ćete je videti ovako, na reci.

But what happens is a lot of times

No, događa se mnogo puta

the rivers hide what's really going on

da reke sakriju ono što se stvarno dešava

back in the forest itself.

u samoj šumi.

We flew over this same river,

Leteli smo nad ovom istom rekom,

imaged the system in 3D.

sistem je snimljen u 3D.

The forest is on the left.

Šuma je na levoj strani.

And then we can digitally remove the forest

A onda možemo digitalno da uklonimo šumu

and see what's going on below the canopy.

i da vidimo šta se dešava ispod krošnje.

And in this case, we found gold mining activity,

U ovom slučaju smo otkrili aktivnosti iskopavanja zlata,

all of it illegal,

sve su bile ilegalne,

set back away from the river's edge,

smeštene podalje od ruba reke,

as you'll see in those strange pockmarks

kao što ćete videti u tim čudnim rošavim mrljama

coming up on your screen on the right.

koje se pojavljuju na desnoj strani ekrana.

Don't worry, we're working with the authorities

Ne brinite, mi radimo s vlastima

to deal with this and many, many other problems

koje se bave ovim i mnogim drugim problemima

in the region.

u regionu.

So in order to put together a conservation plan

Da bi se sastavio plan konzervacije

for these unique, important corridors

za ove jedinstvene, važne koridore

like the western Amazon and the Andes Amazon corridor,

kao što je zapadna Amazonija i koridor od Anda do Amazona,

we have to start making

moramo početi već sada da pravimo

geographically explicit plans now.

geografski eksplicitne planove.

How do we do that if we don't know the geography of biodiversity in the region,

Kako da to uradimo, ako ne znamo geografiju biološke raznovrsnosti u regiji,

if it's so unknown to science?

ako je to nauci nepoznato?

So what we've been doing is using

Zato smo koristili

the laser-guided spectroscopy from the CAO

VKO laserski vođenu spektroskopiju,

to map for the first time the biodiversity

da bismo po prvi put mapirali biodiverzitet

of the Amazon rainforest.

amazonske prašume.

Here you see actual data showing different species in different colors.

Ovde vidite stvarne podatke različitih vrsta u različitim bojama.

Reds are one type of species, blues are another,

Crvene su jedna vrsta, plave su druga,

and greens are yet another.

a zelene su treća.

And when we take this together and scale up

Kad sve to uzmemo zajedno i proporcionalno povećamo

to the regional level,

do regionalnog nivoa,

we get a completely new geography

dobijemo potpuno novu geografiju

of biodiversity unknown prior to this work.

biološke raznovrsnosti, nepoznate do sada.

This tells us where the big biodiversity changes

Iz ovog se vidi gde se pojavljuju velike promene

occur from habitat to habitat,

biološke raznovrsnosti od staništa do staništa,

and that's really important because it tells us

što je jako važno jer pokazuje

a lot about where species may migrate to

gde i odakle bi vrste mogle da migriraju

and migrate from as the climate shifts.

kada se klima promeni.

And this is the pivotal information that's needed

To je ključna informacija koja je potrebna

by decision makers to develop protected areas

donosiocima odluka da razviju zaštićena područja

in the context of their regional development plans.

u kontekstu svojih regionalnih razvojnih planova.

And third and final question is,

Treće i poslednje pitanje je -

how do we manage biodiversity on a planet

kako upravljamo raznovrsnošću vrsta na planeti

of protected ecosystems?

u zaštićenim ekosistemima?

The example I started out with about lions hunting,

Primer koji sam dao na početku o lovu lavova,

that was a study we did

bila je studija koju smo napravili

behind the fence line of a protected area

iza ograde na zaštićenom području

in South Africa.

u Južnoj Africi.

And the truth is, much of Africa's nature

Istina je da će veliki deo afričke prirode

is going to persist into the future

opstati u budućnosti

in protected areas like I show in blue on the screen.

u zaštićenim područjima kao što sam pokazao u plavoj boji na ekranu.

This puts incredible pressure and responsibility

Time se stvara neverovatan pritisak i odgovornost

on park management.

na upravu parka.

They need to do and make decisions

Oni moraju da donose odluke

that will benefit all of the species that they're protecting.

u korist svih vrsta koje štite.

Some of their decisions have really big impacts.

Neke od njihovih odluka imaju zaista velike posledice.

For example, how much and where

Na primer, u kojoj meri i gde

to use fire as a management tool?

da koriste vatru kao instrument upravljanja?

Or, how to deal with a large species like elephants,

Ili, kako da se ophode sa velikim vrstama poput slonova,

which may, if their populations get too large,

koji mogu, ako njihova populacija postane prevelika,

have a negative impact on the ecosystem

imati negativan uticaj na ekosistem

and on other species.

i na druge vrste.

And let me tell you, these types of dynamics

Dozvolite da dodam da takve dinamike

really play out on the landscape.

stvarno utiču na okolinu.

In the foreground is an area with lots of fire

U prvom planu je područje s mnogo vatre

and lots of elephants:

i slonova:

wide open savanna in blue, and just a few trees.

široko otvorene savane u plavom, sa samo nekoliko stabala.

As we cross this fence line, now we're getting

Kad pređemo ovu ogradu, stižemo

into an area that has had protection from fire

u područje koje je zaštićeno od požara

and zero elephants:

i bez slonova:

dense vegetation, a radically different ecosystem.

guste vegetacije, radikalno drugačiji ekosistem.

And in a place like Kruger,

U mestu kao što je Kruger,

the soaring elephant densities

sve gušća slonovska populacija

are a real problem.

je pravi problem.

I know it's a sensitive issue for many of you,

Znam da je to osetljivo pitanje za mnoge od vas

and there are no easy answers with this.

i tu nema jednostavnih odgovora.

But what's good is that the technology we've developed

No, dobra je novost da nam tehnologija koju smo razvili

and we're working with in South Africa, for example,

i sa kojom radimo u Južnoj Africi na primer,

is allowing us to map every single tree in the savanna,

dopušta da mapiramo svako stablo u savani,

and then through repeat flights

a zatim da putem ponovljenih letova

we're able to see which trees

možemo da uočimo koja stabla

are being pushed over by elephants,

slonovi uništavaju,

in the red as you see on the screen, and how much that's happening

u crvenoj boji, kao što vidite na ekranu i koliko se toga događa

in different types of landscapes in the savanna.

u različitim delovima savane.

That's giving park managers

To daje upravi parka

a very first opportunity to use

prvu priliku da upotrebi

tactical management strategies that are more nuanced

taktičke strategije suptilnijeg upravljanja

and don't lead to those extremes that I just showed you.

koje ne dovode do krajnosti koje sam vam upravo pokazao.

So really, the way we're looking

Danas razmišljamo

at protected areas nowadays

da u zaštićenim područjima

is to think of it as tending to a circle of life,

održimo krug života,

where we have fire management,

pomoću upravljanja požarom,

elephant management, those impacts on the structure of the ecosystem,

slonovima, onim što utiče na strukturu ekosistema

and then those impacts

i posledično

affecting everything from insects

na sve, od insekata

up to apex predators like lions.

do vrhunskih grabljivaca poput lavova.

Going forward, I plan to greatly expand

Dalje planiram da znatno proširim

the airborne observatory.

opservatoriju u vazduhu.

I'm hoping to actually put the technology into orbit

Nadam se postavljanju tehnologije u orbitu

so we can manage the entire planet

da bismo, tehnologijama kao što je ova,

with technologies like this.

mogli da upravljamo čitavom planetom.

Until then, you're going to find me flying

Do tada ćete me pronaći kako letim

in some remote place that you've never heard of.

nad nekim udaljenim mestom za koje nikad niste čuli.

I just want to end by saying that technology is

Na kraju bih želeo reći da je tehnologija

absolutely critical to managing our planet,

apsolutno presudna za upravljanje našom planetom,

but even more important is the understanding

ali je još važnije razumevanje

and wisdom to apply it.

i mudrost pri njenoj primeni.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)