Hackers: the internet's immune system | Keren Elazari

Prevodilac: Jelena Kovačević Lektor: Mile Živković

Four years ago,

Pre četiri godine,

a security researcher,

istraživač informatičke bezbednosti

or, as most people would call it, a hacker,

ili, kako bi ga većina zvala, haker,

found a way to literally

uspeo je da izvede da ga bankomati bukvalno obasipaju parama.

make ATMs throw money at him.

His name was Barnaby Jack,

Njegovo ime je Barnabi Džek i njegova tehnika

and this technique was later called "jackpotting"

nazvana je džekpoting u njegovu čast.

in his honor.

I'm here today because I think

Ja sam danas ovde jer mislim

we actually need hackers.

da su nam hakeri zapravo potrebni.

Barnaby Jack

Barnabi Džek je vrlo lako

could have easily turned

mogao izgraditi kriminalnu karijeru

into a career criminal or James Bond villain

ili postati kao zlikovac iz Džejmsa Bonda

with his knowledge,

koristeći se svojim znanjem,

but he chose to show the world

ali je umesto toga izabrao

his research instead.

da svetu pokaže rezultat svog istraživanja.

He believed that sometimes

Verovao je da se ponekad mora demonstrirati pretnja

you have to demo a threat

to spark a solution.

da bi se podstaklo rešenje.

And I feel the same way.

I ja se slažem sa tim.

That's why I'm here today.

Zato sam danas ovde.

We are often terrified and fascinated

Često smo istovremeno i prestravljeni i oduševljeni

by the power hackers now have.

moći koju hakeri imaju.

They scare us.

Oni nas plaše.

But the choices they make

Ali izbori koji oni prave

have dramatic outcomes

ostavljaju dramatične posledice

that influence us all.

koje utiču na sve nas.

So I am here today because I think we need hackers,

Dakle, ja sam danas ovde jer mislim da nam hakeri trebaju,

and in fact, they just might be

i zapravo, oni bi mogli biti

the immune system for the information age.

imuni sistem digitalnog doba.

Sometimes they make us sick,

Ponekad nam se zbog njih smuči

but they also find those hidden threats

ali oni i pronalaze one skrivene pretnje u našem svetu,

in our world,

and they make us fix it.

i teraju nas da ih popravimo.

I knew that I might get hacked

Znam da bih mogla biti hakovana

for giving this talk,

zbog držanja ovog govora,

so let me save you the effort.

pa evo da vam uštedim trud.

In true TED fashion,

U pravom TED maniru,

here is my most embarrassing picture.

pokazujem svoju najblamantniju sliku.

But it would be difficult for you to find me in it,

Ali bilo bi vam teško da me na njoj pronađete,

because I'm the one who looks like a boy

jer ja sam ona koja izgleda kao dečak koji stoji po strani.

standing to the side.

I was such a nerd back then

Bila sam takav štreber onda

that even the boys on the Dungeons and Dragons team

da mi čak ni dečaci koji su igrali "Tamnice i zmajeve"

wouldn't let me join.

nisu dali da im se pridružim.

This is who I was,

Eto takva sam bila,

but this is who I wanted to be:

ali ovo sam želela da budem:

Angelina Jolie.

Anđelina Džoli.

She portrayed Acid Burn

Glumila je Esid Burn

in the '95 film "Hackers."

u Hakerima, filmu iz '95.

She was pretty and she could rollerblade,

Bila je lepa i znala je da vozi rolere,

but being a hacker, that made her powerful.

ali to što je bila haker je nju činilo moćnom.

And I wanted to be just like her,

I ja sam htela da budem baš kao ona,

so I started spending a lot of time

pa sam počela da provodim mnogo vremena

on hacker chat rooms and online forums.

u hakerskim čet sobama i onlajn forumima.

I remember one late night

Sećam se da sam jedne večeri

I found a bit of PHP code.

pronašla deo PHP koda.

I didn't really know what it did,

Nisam baš tačno znala čemu služi ali sam ga kopirala

but I copy-pasted it

and used it anyway

i svejedno ga iskoristila

to get into a password-protected site

da bih tako ušla u zaštićeni sajt.

like that.

Open Sesame.

Sezame, otvori se.

It was a simple trick,

To je bio jednostavan trik,

and I was just a script kiddie back then,

i ja sam tada bila tek početnik,

but to me, that trick,

ali tada, taj trik mi je izgledao ovako,

it felt like this,

like I had discovered limitless potential

kao da sam otkrila neograničeni potencijal

at my fingertips.

pod svojim prstima.

This is the rush of power that hackers feel.

To je taj osećaj moći koji hakeri osete.

It's geeks just like me

To su štreberi baš kao i ja

discovering they have access to superpower,

koji otkrivaju da imaju pristup supermoći

one that requires the skill and tenacity

za koju je potrebna veština i snaga intelekta,

of their intellect,

but thankfully no radioactive spiders.

ali srećom ne i radioaktivni pauci.

But with great power

Ali sa velikom moći dolazi i velika odgovornost,

comes great responsibility,

and you all like to think that if we had such powers,

i svi vole da misle da ako bismo imali takvu moć

we would only use them for good.

koristili bismo je samo u dobre svrhe.

But what if you could read your ex's emails,

Ali šta ako biste mogli da čitate mejlove vaših bivših,

or add a couple zeros to your bank account.

ili da dodate par nula na računu u banci?

What would you do then?

Šta biste onda uradili?

Indeed, many hackers do not resist

Zaista, mnogi hakeri ne uspevaju da odole tim iskušenjima,

those temptations,

and so they are responsible in one way or another

pa su tako odgovorni na jedan ili drugi način

to billions of dollars lost each year

za gubitke od milijarde dolara svake godine

to fraud, malware or plain old identity theft,

zbog prevare, malvera ili jednostavno krađe identiteta,

which is a serious issue.

što je ozbiljan problem.

But there are other hackers,

Ali tu su i drugi hakeri,

hackers who just like to break things,

oni koji samo vole da kvare stvari,

and it is precisely those hackers

i baš ti hakeri su oni

that can find the weaker elements in our world

koji mogu da nađu slabe karike u svetu

and make us fix it.

i podstaknu nas da ih popravimo.

This is what happened last year

Baš se to dogodilo prošle godine

when another security researcher

kada je još jedan istraživač bezbednosti, Kajl Lavet,

called Kyle Lovett

discovered a gaping hole

otkrio veliki propust u dizajnu određenih bežičnih rutera

in the design of certain wireless routers

like you might have in your home or office.

sličnih onima koje možda imate kod kuće.

He learned that anyone could remotely connect

Shvatio je da bi bilo ko mogao iz daleka da se poveže

to these devices over the Internet

na ove spravice preko interneta

and download documents from hard drives

i preuzme dokumente sa hard diskova

attached to those routers,

koji su povezani na te rutere,

no password needed.

i to bez lozinke.

He reported it to the company, of course,

Ovo je, naravno, prijavio kompaniji,

but they ignored his report.

ali oni su prijavu ignorisali.

Perhaps they thought universal access

Možda su mislili da je univerzalni pristup zapravo pogodnost, a ne bag,

was a feature, not a bug,

until two months ago

sve dok se pre dva meseca,

when a group of hackers used it

grupa hakera time poslužila

to get into people's files.

da upadne u fajlove korisnika.

But they didn't steal anything.

Ali, nisu ništa ukrali.

They left a note:

Ostavili su poruku:

Your router and your documents

Vašem ruteru i vašim dokumentima

can be accessed by anyone in the world.

može pristupiti bilo ko na svetu.

Here's what you should do to fix it.

Evo šta bi trebalo da uradite da to sprečite.

We hope we helped.

Nadamo se da je od pomoći.

By getting into people's files like that,

Upadajući tako u fajlove korisnika,

yeah, they broke the law,

prekršili su zakon, da,

but they also forced that company

ali su isto tako i naterali kompaniju

to fix their product.

da poboljša svoj proizvod.

Making vulnerabilities known to the public

Otkrivanje slabosti javnosti

is a practice called full disclosure

je praksa koja se u krugu hakera

in the hacker community,

zove potpuno razotkrivanje,

and it is controversial,

i jeste kontroverzna

but it does make me think of how hackers

ali me tera da verujem da hakeri

have an evolving effect on technologies we use

ostavljaju efekat napretka na tehnologiju koju svakodnevno koristimo.

every day.

This is what Khalil did.

Baš ovo je uradio Halil.

Khalil is a Palestinian hacker from the West Bank,

Halil je palestinski haker sa Zapadne obale

and he found a serious privacy flaw on Facebook

i pronašao je ozbiljnu manu na Fejsbuku

which he attempted to report

koju je pokušao da prijavi

through the company's bug bounty program.

preko programa kompanije za lovce na bagove.

These are usually great arrangements for companies

Ovo su uglavnom dobri sporazumi za kompanije

to reward hackers disclosing vulnerabilities

da se nagrade hakeri koji otkriju slabe tačke

they find in their code.

koje pronađu na njihovom kodu.

Unfortunately, due to some miscommunications,

Nažalost, zbog nerazumevanja,

his report was not acknowledged.

njegova prijava nije uvažena.

Frustrated with the exchange,

Frustriran razmenom,

he took to use his own discovery

iskoristio je svoje otkriće

to post on Mark Zuckerberg's wall.

da postuje na zidu Marka Cukerberga.

This got their attention, all right,

Ovo je, naravno, privuklo njihovu pažnju

and they fixed the bug,

i popravili su bag,

but because he hadn't reported it properly,

ali pošto ga nije propisno prijavio,

he was denied the bounty usually paid out

nije dobio nagradu koja se obično dodeljivala za takva otkrića.

for such discoveries.

Thankfully for Khalil,

Srećom po Halila,

a group of hackers were watching out for him.

grupa hakera ga je motrila.

In fact, they raised more than 13,000 dollars

Zapravo, sakupili su više od 13.000 dolara

to reward him for this discovery,

da bi ga nagradili zbog njegovog otkrića,

raising a vital discussion in the technology industry

čime su pokrenuli živu raspravu u industriji tehnologije

about how we come up with incentives

o tome kako podstaći hakere da urade pravu stvar.

for hackers to do the right thing.

But I think there's a greater story here still.

Ali mislim da ovde postoji i bitnija strana priče.

Even companies founded by hackers,

Čak i kompanije koje su osnovali hakeri,

like Facebook was,

kao što je Fejsbuk,

still have a complicated relationship

imaju komplikovan odnos sa hakerima.

when it comes to hackers.

And so for more conservative organizations,

I tako će za konzervativnije organizacije

it is going to take time and adapting

trebati vremena i prilagođavanja

in order to embrace hacker culture

da bi prihvatili hakersku kulturu

and the creative chaos that it brings with it.

i kreativni haos koji ona donosi.

But I think it's worth the effort,

Mislim da je ipak vredno truda,

because the alternative,

jer alternativa,

to blindly fight all hackers,

slepa borba protiv svih hakera,

is to go against the power you cannot control

predstavlja borbu protiv moći koja se ne može kontrolisati,

at the cost of stifling innovation

po cenu gušenja inovacije i ograničavanja znanja.

and regulating knowledge.

These are things that will come back and bite you.

To su stvari koje će se vratiti i uzvratiti udarac.

It is even more true

To je još verovatnije, ako pogledamo hakere

if we go after hackers

that are willing to risk their own freedom

koji su spremni da rizikuju svoju slobodu

for ideals like the freedom of the web,

za ideale kao što je sloboda interneta,

especially in times like this, like today even,

pogotovo u vremenima kao što su ova, čak i danas,

as governments and corporates

kada se vlade i korporacije

fight to control the Internet.

bore za kontrolu nad internetom.

I find it astounding

Zapanjujuće je kako neko iz mračnih ćoškova sajberspejsa

that someone from the shadowy corners of cyberspace

can become its voice of opposition,

može da postane glas opozicije,

its last line of defense even,

čak i njena poslednja linija odbrane,

perhaps someone like Anonymous,

možda neko kao Anonimusi,

the leading brand of global hacktivism.

vodeći brend globalnog haktivizma.

This universal hacker movement

Sa ovim univerzalnim hakerskim pokretom

needs no introduction today,

danas ne moram da vas upoznajem,

but six years ago

ali pre šest godina

they were not much more than an Internet subculture

nisu bili ništa više od internet potkulture

dedicated to sharing silly pictures of funny cats

posvećene objavljivanju slika smešnih mačaka

and Internet trolling campaigns.

i po internet kampanjama trolovanja.

Their moment of transformation was in early 2008

Trenutak njihove transformacije je bio početkom 2008,

when the Church of Scientology

kada je Sajentološka crkva pokušala

attempted to remove certain leaked videos

da ukloni određene procurele video snimke

from appearing on certain websites.

sa određenih vebsajtova.

This is when Anonymous was forged

Tada su se Anonimusi sastavili

out of the seemingly random collection

od naizgled nasumične grupe korisnika interneta.

of Internet dwellers.

It turns out,

Ispostavilo se da se internetu ne sviđa

the Internet doesn't like it

when you try to remove things from it,

kada probate da oduzmete nešto od njega,

and it will react with cyberattacks

i reagovaće sajber napadima

and elaborate pranks

i razrađenim praktičnim šalama

and with a series of organized protests

i serijom organizovanih protesta širom celog sveta,

all around the world,

from my hometown of Tel Aviv

od mog rodnog grada Tel Aviva do Adelajda u Australiji.

to Adelaide, Australia.

This proved that Anonymous and this idea

Ovo dokazuje da Anonimusi i ova ideja

can rally the masses from the keyboards

zaista mogu odvojiti mase od tastatura i odvući na ulice,

to the streets,

and it laid the foundations

i postavljeni su temelji

for dozens of future operations

za mnoge buduće pokrete protiv nepravde

against perceived injustices

to their online and offline world.

i u oflajn i u onlajn svetu.

Since then, they've gone after many targets.

Od tada, napadali su mnoge mete.

They've uncovered corruption, abuse.

Razotkrili su korupciju, zlostavljanje.

They've hacked popes and politicians,

Hakovali su pape i političare,

and I think their effect is larger

i mislim da je njihov učinak veći

than simple denial of service attacks

od jednostavnih napada onemogućavanjem servisa,

that take down websites

koji ruše sajtove

or even leak sensitive documents.

ili čak dolaze do osetljivih podataka.

I think that, like Robin Hood,

Mislim da se oni, kao Robin Hud, bave preraspodelom

they are in the business of redistribution,

but what they are after isn't your money.

ali oni ne jure vaš novac.

It's not your documents. It's your attention.

Niti vaša dokumenta. To je vaša pažnja.

They grab the spotlight for causes they support,

Oni grabe mesto pod reflektorom za ono što podržavaju,

forcing us to take note,

terajući nas da obratimo pažnju,

acting as a global magnifying glass

ponašajući se kao svetska lupa

koja uveličava probleme kojih nismo ni svesni

for issues that we are not as aware of

but perhaps we should be.

ali možda bismo trebali biti.

They have been called many names

Zvali su ih mnogim imenima: kriminalcima, teroristima,

from criminals to terrorists,

and I cannot justify their illegal means,

i ja ne mogu opravdati njihovo ilegalno delovanje,

but the ideas they fight for

ali ideje za koje se bore su važne za sve nas.

are ones that matter to us all.

The reality is,

U realnosti, hakeri mogu da urade

hackers can do a lot more than break things.

mnogo više od kvarenja stvari.

They can bring people together.

Mogu da spoje ljude.

And if the Internet doesn't like it

I ako se internetu ne sviđa

when you try to remove things from it,

kada se sa njega uklanjaju stvari,

just watch what happens

samo pogledajte šta se dešava kada pokušate da ga ugasite.

when you try to shut the Internet down.

This took place in Egypt in January 2011,

Ovo se dogodilo u Egiptu, u januaru 2011,

and as President Hosni Mubarak

i pošto je predsednik Hosni Mubarak

attempted a desperate move

očajničkim potezom pokušao

to quash the rising revolution on the streets of Cairo,

da uguši revoluciju koja se spremala u Kairu,

he sent his personal troops

poslao je svoje trupe

down to Egypt's Internet service providers

do egipatskog internet provajdera

and had them physically kill the switch

da fizički unište prekidač

on the country's connection to the world overnight.

za konekciju zemlje sa ostatkom sveta, preko noći.

For a government to do a thing like that

Ovakav postupak vlade je bio bez presedana,

was unprecedented,

and for hackers, it made it personal.

a za hakere je to postalo lično.

Hackers like the Telecomix group

Hakeri, kao što je grupa Telekomiks

were already active on the ground,

su već bili aktivni na tom području

helping Egyptians bypass censorship

i pomagali Egipćanima da zaobiđu cenzuru

using clever workarounds like Morse code

koristeći pametne zaobilaznice kao što je Morzeova azbuka

and ham radio.

i amaterski radio.

It was high season for low tech,

Bila je to dobra sezona za jednostavnu tehnologiju

which the government couldn't block,

koju vlada nije mogla da zaustavi

but when the Net went completely down,

ali kada je internet potpuno nestao

Telecomix brought in the big guns.

Telekomiks je pokazao svoje glavno oružje.

They found European service providers

Pronašli su evropske provajdere

that still had 20-year-old

koji su još uvek imali 20 godina staru

analog dial-up access infrastructure.

infrastrukturu sa analognim dial-up pristupom.

They opened up 300 of those lines

Otvorili su 300 ovakvih linija za Egipćane,

for Egyptians to use,

serving slow but sweet Internet connection

obezbeđujući sporu ali njima slatku internet vezu.

for Egyptians.

This worked.

Ovo je upalilo.

It worked so well, in fact,

Zapravo funkcionisalo je tako dobro da je jedan momak

one guy even used it to download an episode

čak uspeo da skine

of "How I Met Your Mother."

epizodu serije ''Kako sam upoznao vašu majku''.

But while Egypt's future is still uncertain,

Ali dok je budućnost Egipta i dalje bila neizvesna,

when the same thing happened in Syria

kada se ista stvar dogodila u Siriji

just one year later,

samo godinu dana kasnije,

Telecomix were prepared with those Internet lines,

Telekomiks je bio spreman sa tim internet vezama,

and Anonymous,

i Anonimusi su bili verovatno prva internacionalna grupa

they were perhaps the first international group

to officially denounce the actions

koja je zvanično obznanila radnje sirijske vojske

of the Syrian military

by defacing their website.

ružeći njihov sajt.

But with this sort of power,

Ali sa ovom vrstom moći

it really depends on where you stand,

zaista zavisi na kojoj ste strani,

because one man's hero

jer onaj ko je jednom čoveku heroj

can be another's villain,

za drugog je zlikovac,

and so the Syrian Electronic Army

pa je tako Sirijska elektronska armija,

is a pro-Assad group of hackers

grupa hakera koji su bili na strani Asada i podržavali njegov režim,

who support his contentious regime.

They've taken down multiple high-profile targets

napala mnoge poznate mete u poslednjih nekoliko godina,

in the past few years,

including the Associated Press's Twitter account,

uključujući tviter nalog Asošijeted presa,

in which they posted a message

preko koga su objavili poruku o napadu na Belu kuću

about an attack on the White House

injuring President Obama.

u kome je povređen predsednik Obama.

This tweet was fake, of course,

Ovaj tvit je, naravno, bio lažan,

but the resulting drop in the Dow Jones index

ali ne i pad koji je tog dana pokazao

that day was most certainly not,

industrijski indeks Dau Džons,

and a lot of people lost a lot of money.

i mnogi su izgubili veliku sumu novca.

This sort of thing is happening all over the world right now.

Ovakve stvari se sada dešavaju po celom svetu.

In conflicts from the Crimean Peninsula

Počev od konflikta na Krimu do Latinske Amerike,

to Latin America,

from Europe to the United States,

od Evrope do SAD,

hackers are a force for social,

hakeri su sila koja može da vrši

political and military influence.

socijalni, politički i vojni uticaj.

As individuals or in groups,

Individualno ili u grupama,

volunteers or military conflicts,

volonterski ili u vojnim sukobima,

there are hackers everywhere.

hakeri deluju svuda.

They come from all walks of life,

Ima ih svih zanimanja,

ethnicities, ideologies and genders, I might add.

etničkih pripadnosti, ideologija i roda.

They are now shaping the world's stage.

Oni sada oblikuju svetsku pozornicu.

Hackers represent an exceptional force for change

Hakeri predstavljaju izuzetnu snagu promene u 21. veku.

in the 21st century.

This is because access to information

To je zbog toga što je pristup informacijama

is a critical currency of power,

značajna valuta moći, koju bi vlade želele da kontrolišu,

one which governments would like to control,

a thing they attempt to do by setting up

što pokušavaju da urade postavljajući

all-you-can-eat surveillance programs,

svakojake programe za nadzor,

a thing they need hackers for, by the way.

za šta su im inače potrebni hakeri.

And so the establishment has long had

I tako je organizacija dugo imala

a love-hate relationship when it comes to hackers,

''volim te - ne volim te'' odnos sa hakerima

because the same people who demonize hacking

jer su isti ti ljudi koji su demonizovali hakere,

also utilize it at large.

hakere isto tako i koristili.

Two years ago,

Pre dve godine, videla sam generala Kita Aleksandra.

I saw General Keith Alexander.

He's the NSA director and U.S. cyber commander,

on je direktor Državne bezbednosne agencije i sajber komandant SAD-a

but instead of his four star general uniform,

ali umesto svoje uniforme sa četiri zvezdice,

he was wearing jeans and a t-shirt.

nosio je majicu i farmerke.

This was at DEF CON,

To je bio Defkon,

the world's largest hacker conference.

najveća hakerska konferencija na svetu.

Perhaps like me, General Alexander

Možda kao ni ja, general Aleksandar

didn't see 12,000 criminals that day in Vegas.

toga dana u Vegasu nije video 12 000 kriminalaca.

I think he saw untapped potential.

Mislim da je video neiskorišćen potencijal.

In fact, he was there to give a hiring pitch.

Zapravo, bio je tu da bi podstakao zapošljavanje.

"In this room right here," he said,

''Baš u ovoj prostoriji ovde'', rekao je,

"is the talent our nation needs."

''jeste talenat koji treba našoj naciji''.

Well, hackers in the back row replied,

Pa, hakeri u zadnjem redu su mu odgovorili,

"Then stop arresting us."

''Onda prestanite da nas hapsite.''

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Indeed, for years,

Zaista, godinama su hakeri bili na pogrešnoj strani

hackers have been on the wrong side of the fence,

but in light of what we know now,

ali u svetlu onoga što znamo sada,

who is more watchful of our online world?

ko više pazi na naš onlajn svet?

The rules of the game are not that clear anymore,

Pravila igre više nisu tako jasna,

but hackers are perhaps the only ones

ali hakeri su možda jedini

still capable of challenging overreaching governments

koji su u mogućnosti da izazovu vlade koje uvek žele više

and data-hoarding corporates

i kompanije koje prikupljaju podatke,

on their own playing field.

i to na njihovom terenu.

To me, that represents hope.

Za mene, to predstavlja nadu.

For the past three decades,

U poslednje tri decenije hakeri su uradili mnogo stvari,

hackers have done a lot of things,

but they have also impacted civil liberties,

ali su i uticali na ljudske slobode,

innovation and Internet freedom,

inovaciju i slobodu interneta,

so I think it's time we take a good look

pa mislim da je sada vreme da pažljivo razmislimo

at how we choose to portray them,

o tome kako ćemo ih opisati,

because if we keep expecting them to be the bad guys,

jer ako očekujemo da su loši momci,

how can they be the heroes too?

kako onda mogu biti i heroji?

My years in the hacker world

Moje godine u svetu hakera

have made me realize

su mi pomogle da shvatim

both the problem and the beauty about hackers:

i dobru i lošu stranu o hakerima:

They just can't see something broken in the world

oni jednostavno ne mogu da vide da na svetu nešto nije u redu

and leave it be.

i da ga ostave tako.

They are compelled

Oni jednostavno moraju

to either exploit it or try and change it,

ili da to iskoriste ili da ga promene,

and so they find the vulnerable aspects

i tako nalaze osetljiva mesta

in our rapidly changing world.

u ovom svetu koji se brzo menja.

They make us, they force us to fix things

Oni nas teraju da popravljamo stvari,

or demand something better,

ili tražimo nešto bolje,

and I think we need them

i mislim da su oni nama baš potrebni da rade upravo to

to do just that,

because after all, it is not information

jer ipak, sloboda nije potrebna informacijama

that wants to be free, it's us.

već nama samima.

Thank you very much.

Hvala vam mnogo.

Thank you. (Applause)

Hvala. (Aplauz)

Hack the planet!

Hakujmo planetu!