Hackers: the internet's immune system | Keren Elazari

997,754 views ・ 2014-06-10

TED


Dvaput kliknite na engleske titlove ispod za reprodukciju videozapisa.

Prevoditelj: Djurdjica Ercegovac Recezent: Ivan Stamenković
00:12
Four years ago,
0
12869
1751
Prije četiri godine
00:14
a security researcher,
1
14620
1802
jedan istraživač sigurnosti
00:16
or, as most people would call it, a hacker,
2
16422
4249
ili, kako bi ga većina nazvala, haker
00:20
found a way to literally
3
20671
2167
smislio je kako doslovno
00:22
make ATMs throw money at him.
4
22838
3203
natjerati bankomate da ga obaspu novcem.
00:26
His name was Barnaby Jack,
5
26041
3341
Njegovo ime bilo je Barnaby Jack,
00:29
and this technique was later called "jackpotting"
6
29382
3659
i ta metoda je kasnije nazvana "jackpotting"
00:33
in his honor.
7
33041
1909
u njegovu čast.
00:34
I'm here today because I think
8
34950
1849
Ja sam danas ovdje jer mislim
00:36
we actually need hackers.
9
36799
3051
da mi zaista trebamo hakere.
00:39
Barnaby Jack
10
39850
1862
Barnaby Jack
00:41
could have easily turned
11
41712
1487
je sa svojim znanjem mogao lako postati
00:43
into a career criminal or James Bond villain
12
43199
4198
kriminalac od karijere
ili lopov poput onih iz filmova o Jamesu Bondu
00:47
with his knowledge,
13
47397
1496
00:48
but he chose to show the world
14
48893
2488
no on je odabrao da umjesto toga
00:51
his research instead.
15
51381
2689
svijetu pokaže svoje istraživanje.
00:54
He believed that sometimes
16
54070
1853
Vjerovao je da ponekad
00:55
you have to demo a threat
17
55923
2040
treba demonstrirati prijetnju
00:57
to spark a solution.
18
57963
2917
da se zapali iskra rješenja.
01:00
And I feel the same way.
19
60880
1930
I ja osjećam jednako.
01:02
That's why I'm here today.
20
62810
1850
Zbog toga sam danas ovdje.
01:04
We are often terrified and fascinated
21
64660
3278
Mi smo često užasnuti i fascinirani
01:07
by the power hackers now have.
22
67938
3461
snagom koju danas imaju hakeri.
01:11
They scare us.
23
71399
1732
Oni nas plaše.
01:13
But the choices they make
24
73131
1985
No izbori koje oni čine
01:15
have dramatic outcomes
25
75116
2170
imaju dramatične posljedice
01:17
that influence us all.
26
77286
2988
koje utječu na sve nas.
01:20
So I am here today because I think we need hackers,
27
80274
3335
Dakle ja sam danas ovdje jer mislim da trebamo hakere,
01:23
and in fact, they just might be
28
83609
3583
i zapravo, možda bi baš oni mogli biti
01:27
the immune system for the information age.
29
87192
4340
imunosni sustav za informacijsko doba.
01:31
Sometimes they make us sick,
30
91532
2033
Ponekad se od njih razbolimo,
01:33
but they also find those hidden threats
31
93565
3355
no oni također pronalaze one skrivene prijetnje
01:36
in our world,
32
96920
1324
u našem svijetu,
01:38
and they make us fix it.
33
98244
2845
i tjeraju nas da ih sredimo.
01:41
I knew that I might get hacked
34
101089
2358
Znala sam da bih mogla biti hakirana
01:43
for giving this talk,
35
103447
2408
zbog ovog govora
01:45
so let me save you the effort.
36
105855
2473
pa mi dopustite da vam uštedim trud.
01:48
In true TED fashion,
37
108328
1834
U pravom TED stilu,
01:50
here is my most embarrassing picture.
38
110162
3973
ovdje je moja najsramotnija slika.
01:54
But it would be difficult for you to find me in it,
39
114135
2870
No bilo bi vam teško da me na njoj nađete,
01:57
because I'm the one who looks like a boy
40
117005
3738
zato jer sam ja ona koja izgleda kao dječak
02:00
standing to the side.
41
120743
1805
stojeći po strani.
02:02
I was such a nerd back then
42
122548
2382
U to doba bila sam takva štreberica
02:04
that even the boys on the Dungeons and Dragons team
43
124930
2602
da mi čak ni dečki iz tima Dungeons and Dragons
02:07
wouldn't let me join.
44
127532
2197
ne bi dali da im se pridružim.
02:09
This is who I was,
45
129729
1985
Takva sam bila,
02:11
but this is who I wanted to be:
46
131714
4115
a ovakva sam željela biti:
02:15
Angelina Jolie.
47
135829
1898
Angelina Jolie.
02:17
She portrayed Acid Burn
48
137727
1555
Ona je glumila Acid Burn
02:19
in the '95 film "Hackers."
49
139282
2494
u filmu "Hakeri" iz 95.
02:21
She was pretty and she could rollerblade,
50
141776
3178
Bila je zgodna i znala se rolati,
02:24
but being a hacker, that made her powerful.
51
144954
4109
no to što je bila hakerica činilo ju je moćnom.
02:29
And I wanted to be just like her,
52
149063
2460
I ja sam željela biti baš poput nje,
02:31
so I started spending a lot of time
53
151523
2366
pa sam počela mnogo vremena provoditi
02:33
on hacker chat rooms and online forums.
54
153889
2885
na chat grupama hakera i online forumima.
02:36
I remember one late night
55
156774
2333
Sjećam se kako sam kasno jedne noći
02:39
I found a bit of PHP code.
56
159107
2261
pronašla komadić PHP koda.
02:41
I didn't really know what it did,
57
161368
1622
Nisam zapravo znala što je radio
02:42
but I copy-pasted it
58
162990
1625
ali sam ga ipak kopirala
02:44
and used it anyway
59
164615
1714
i iskoristila
02:46
to get into a password-protected site
60
166329
2473
da uđem na stranicu zaštićenu lozinkom
02:48
like that.
61
168802
1804
kao što je ova.
02:50
Open Sesame.
62
170606
1403
Sezame otvori se.
02:52
It was a simple trick,
63
172009
1522
Bio je to jednostavan trik,
02:53
and I was just a script kiddie back then,
64
173531
3005
a ja sam u to vrijeme bila samo jedno dijete sa skriptom,
02:56
but to me, that trick,
65
176536
1438
ali za mene, taj je trik
02:57
it felt like this,
66
177974
2215
imao ovakvo značenje,
03:00
like I had discovered limitless potential
67
180189
2444
kao da sam otkrila bezgranični potencijal
03:02
at my fingertips.
68
182633
1791
nadohvat ruke.
03:04
This is the rush of power that hackers feel.
69
184424
3309
To je ta navala moći koju osjećaju hakeri.
03:07
It's geeks just like me
70
187733
2904
Upravo geekovi poput mene
03:10
discovering they have access to superpower,
71
190637
3232
otkrivaju da imaju pristup do supermoći,
03:13
one that requires the skill and tenacity
72
193869
2627
takve koja zahtijeva vještinu i žilavost
03:16
of their intellect,
73
196496
1508
njihovog intelekta,
03:18
but thankfully no radioactive spiders.
74
198004
3561
no srećom bez radioaktivnih pauka.
03:21
But with great power
75
201565
1841
No s velikom moći
03:23
comes great responsibility,
76
203406
2304
dolazi i velika odgovornost,
03:25
and you all like to think that if we had such powers,
77
205710
3664
a svi vi želite vjerovati da ako bismo imalu takvu moć,
03:29
we would only use them for good.
78
209374
2279
koristili bismo je samo za dobre stvari.
03:31
But what if you could read your ex's emails,
79
211653
3347
No što kad biste mogli čitati mailove svog bivšeg,
03:35
or add a couple zeros to your bank account.
80
215000
3112
ili dodati nekoliko nula na svoj bankovni račun.
03:38
What would you do then?
81
218112
2020
Što biste tada učinili?
03:40
Indeed, many hackers do not resist
82
220132
2237
Uistinu, mnogo hakera ne odolijeva
03:42
those temptations,
83
222369
1988
ovim iskušenjima,
03:44
and so they are responsible in one way or another
84
224357
3125
i zato su u svakom slučaju odgovorni
03:47
to billions of dollars lost each year
85
227482
2404
za milijarde dolara koji se gube svake godine
03:49
to fraud, malware or plain old identity theft,
86
229886
3261
zbog prijevare, zlonamjernog softvera ili obične stare krađe identiteta,
03:53
which is a serious issue.
87
233147
1878
što je ozbiljan problem.
03:55
But there are other hackers,
88
235025
1985
No postoje i drugi hakeri,
03:57
hackers who just like to break things,
89
237010
2762
hakeri koji samo uživaju rastavljati stvari,
03:59
and it is precisely those hackers
90
239772
2708
i upravo su ti hakeri oni
04:02
that can find the weaker elements in our world
91
242480
3293
koji mogu naći slabe točke u našem svijetu
04:05
and make us fix it.
92
245773
1677
i natjerati nas da ih popravimo.
04:07
This is what happened last year
93
247450
1920
Ovo se dogodilo prošle godine
04:09
when another security researcher
94
249370
2009
kada je jedan drugi istraživač sigurnosti
04:11
called Kyle Lovett
95
251379
1565
pod imenom Kyle Lovett
04:12
discovered a gaping hole
96
252944
1557
otkrio zjapeću rupu
04:14
in the design of certain wireless routers
97
254501
2960
u dizajnu određenih bežičnih usmjerivača
04:17
like you might have in your home or office.
98
257461
2539
kakve možda i vi imate kod svoje kuće ili u uredu.
04:20
He learned that anyone could remotely connect
99
260000
2645
Ustanovio je da bi se svatko mogao daljinski spojiti
04:22
to these devices over the Internet
100
262645
2322
na te uređaje preko Interneta
04:24
and download documents from hard drives
101
264967
2761
i preuzeti dokumente sa tvrdih diskova
04:27
attached to those routers,
102
267728
2175
koji su spojeni na te usmjerivače,
04:29
no password needed.
103
269903
1847
bez potrebe za lozinkom.
04:31
He reported it to the company, of course,
104
271750
2337
Prijavio je to kompaniji, naravno,
04:34
but they ignored his report.
105
274087
2314
ali oni su ignorirali njegovu prijavu.
04:36
Perhaps they thought universal access
106
276401
1864
Možda su mislili da je univerzalni pristup
04:38
was a feature, not a bug,
107
278265
2985
odlika, a ne greška,
04:41
until two months ago
108
281250
1855
do prije dva mjeseca
04:43
when a group of hackers used it
109
283105
1433
kada je grupa hakera to iskoristila
04:44
to get into people's files.
110
284538
2454
da bi ljudima ušla u datoteke.
04:46
But they didn't steal anything.
111
286992
2401
No ništa nisu ukrali.
04:49
They left a note:
112
289393
2017
Ostavili su poruku:
04:51
Your router and your documents
113
291410
1878
Vašem usmjerivaču i vašim dokumentima
04:53
can be accessed by anyone in the world.
114
293288
2159
može pristupiti bilo tko na svijetu.
04:55
Here's what you should do to fix it.
115
295447
2268
Ovo morate napraviti da biste to popravili.
04:57
We hope we helped.
116
297715
2378
Nadamo se da smo pomogli.
05:00
By getting into people's files like that,
117
300093
2530
Ulazeći na taj način u tuđe datoteke,
05:02
yeah, they broke the law,
118
302623
1460
da, prekršili su zakon,
05:04
but they also forced that company
119
304083
2468
no također su natjerali kompaniju
05:06
to fix their product.
120
306551
1981
da popravi svoj proizvod.
05:08
Making vulnerabilities known to the public
121
308532
2168
Javno otkrivanje ranjivosti
05:10
is a practice called full disclosure
122
310700
2745
praksa je koja se naziva potpuno raskrinkavanje
05:13
in the hacker community,
123
313445
1602
u hakerskoj zajednici,
05:15
and it is controversial,
124
315047
2034
i ona jest kontraverzna,
05:17
but it does make me think of how hackers
125
317081
2532
ali me navodi na razmišljanje kako hakeri
05:19
have an evolving effect on technologies we use
126
319613
2986
imaju evoluirajući utjecaj na tehnologije koje koristimo
05:22
every day.
127
322599
1496
svaki dan.
05:24
This is what Khalil did.
128
324095
2278
Upravo je to učinio Khalil.
05:26
Khalil is a Palestinian hacker from the West Bank,
129
326373
2615
Khalil je palestinski haker sa Zapadne obale,
05:28
and he found a serious privacy flaw on Facebook
130
328988
4009
i on je otkrio ozbiljan nedostatak u zaštiti privatnosti na Facebooku
05:32
which he attempted to report
131
332997
1850
koji je pokušao prijaviti
05:34
through the company's bug bounty program.
132
334847
2990
preko bug bounty programa te kompanije.
05:37
These are usually great arrangements for companies
133
337837
2657
To su obično odlični aranžmani kojima kompanije
05:40
to reward hackers disclosing vulnerabilities
134
340494
3177
nagrađuju hakere za otkrivanje ranjivosti
05:43
they find in their code.
135
343671
1689
koje nađu u njihovom kodu.
05:45
Unfortunately, due to some miscommunications,
136
345360
3550
Nažalost, uslijed greške u komunikaciji,
05:48
his report was not acknowledged.
137
348910
3036
njegova prijava nije bila priznata.
05:51
Frustrated with the exchange,
138
351946
1845
Frustriran tom prepiskom,
05:53
he took to use his own discovery
139
353791
3277
on je odlučio vlastito otkriće
05:57
to post on Mark Zuckerberg's wall.
140
357068
3135
objaviti na zidu Marka Zuckerberga.
06:00
This got their attention, all right,
141
360203
2767
E, to im je zaista privuklo pažnju,
06:02
and they fixed the bug,
142
362970
3295
i ispravili su grešku,
06:06
but because he hadn't reported it properly,
143
366265
2855
no zato što ju nije pravilno prijavio,
06:09
he was denied the bounty usually paid out
144
369120
2225
uskratili su mu poklon koji se obično isplaćuje
06:11
for such discoveries.
145
371345
2004
za takva otkrića.
06:13
Thankfully for Khalil,
146
373349
1989
Na Khalilovu sreću,
06:15
a group of hackers were watching out for him.
147
375338
2886
grupa hakera je pazila na njega.
06:18
In fact, they raised more than 13,000 dollars
148
378224
3809
U stvari, prikupili su više od 13,000 dolara
06:22
to reward him for this discovery,
149
382033
2078
kako bi ga nagradili za ovo otkriće,
06:24
raising a vital discussion in the technology industry
150
384111
3200
potaknuvši vitalnu diskusiju u tehnološkoj industriji
06:27
about how we come up with incentives
151
387311
3059
o tome kako potičemo hakere
06:30
for hackers to do the right thing.
152
390370
2590
da rade ispravne stvari.
06:32
But I think there's a greater story here still.
153
392960
3020
No ja mislim da se tu krije još jedna veća priča.
06:35
Even companies founded by hackers,
154
395980
2935
Čak i kompanije koje su osnovali hakeri,
06:38
like Facebook was,
155
398915
2387
poput Facebooka,
06:41
still have a complicated relationship
156
401302
2583
još uvijek imaju kompliciran odnos
06:43
when it comes to hackers.
157
403885
1804
kada se radi o hakerima.
06:45
And so for more conservative organizations,
158
405689
2831
Isto tako za konzervativnije organizacije
06:48
it is going to take time and adapting
159
408520
3518
trebat će vremena i prilagodbe
06:52
in order to embrace hacker culture
160
412038
2582
da prihvate hakersku kulturu
06:54
and the creative chaos that it brings with it.
161
414620
3121
i kreativni kaos koji ona sa sobom donosi.
06:57
But I think it's worth the effort,
162
417741
2442
No ja mislim da je to vrijedno truda,
07:00
because the alternative,
163
420183
1980
jer alternativa,
07:02
to blindly fight all hackers,
164
422163
3830
slijepa borba protiv svih hakera,
07:05
is to go against the power you cannot control
165
425993
2588
znači ići protiv snage koju ne možete kontrolirati
07:08
at the cost of stifling innovation
166
428581
3301
po cijenu gušenja inovacija
07:11
and regulating knowledge.
167
431882
2194
i regulacije znanja.
07:14
These are things that will come back and bite you.
168
434076
4294
To su stvari koje se mogu okrenuti protiv vas.
07:18
It is even more true
169
438370
1478
Još više to vrijedi
07:19
if we go after hackers
170
439848
2079
ako proganjamo hakere
07:21
that are willing to risk their own freedom
171
441927
3037
koji su voljni riskirati vlastitu slobodu
07:24
for ideals like the freedom of the web,
172
444964
2903
za ideale poput slobode weba,
07:27
especially in times like this, like today even,
173
447867
4063
posebno u vremenima kao što je današnje
07:31
as governments and corporates
174
451930
2620
kada se vlade i korporacije
07:34
fight to control the Internet.
175
454550
3226
bore za kontrolu Interneta.
07:37
I find it astounding
176
457776
2324
Mene zapanjuje
07:40
that someone from the shadowy corners of cyberspace
177
460100
3013
da netko iz mračnih zakutaka cyber-prostora
07:43
can become its voice of opposition,
178
463113
2815
može postati glas opozicije,
07:45
its last line of defense even,
179
465928
2642
ili čak zadnja linija obrane,
07:48
perhaps someone like Anonymous,
180
468570
3417
možda netko poput Anonymousa,
07:51
the leading brand of global hacktivism.
181
471987
3853
vodećeg brenda u globalnom haktivizmu.
07:55
This universal hacker movement
182
475840
2260
Taj univerzalni hakerski pokret
07:58
needs no introduction today,
183
478100
1606
danas ne treba predstavljati,
07:59
but six years ago
184
479706
2103
ali prije šest godina
08:01
they were not much more than an Internet subculture
185
481809
3429
oni nisu bili puno više od jedne internetske subkulture
08:05
dedicated to sharing silly pictures of funny cats
186
485238
2919
posvećene razmjeni luckastih slika smiješnih mačaka
08:08
and Internet trolling campaigns.
187
488157
3430
i internetskih trolovskih kampanja.
08:11
Their moment of transformation was in early 2008
188
491587
4842
Trenutak transformacije dogodio se početkom 2008.
08:16
when the Church of Scientology
189
496429
1650
kada je Scientološka crkva
08:18
attempted to remove certain leaked videos
190
498079
3067
pokušala ukloniti određene video snimke
08:21
from appearing on certain websites.
191
501146
4403
koje su procurili na određenim web stranicama.
08:25
This is when Anonymous was forged
192
505549
2440
Tada se Anonymous oblikovao
08:27
out of the seemingly random collection
193
507989
2631
iz naoko slučajne kolekcije
08:30
of Internet dwellers.
194
510620
1743
Internetskih građana.
08:32
It turns out,
195
512363
2454
Pokazalo se da
08:34
the Internet doesn't like it
196
514817
1329
Internet ne voli
08:36
when you try to remove things from it,
197
516146
2623
kada pokušavate sa njega ukloniti stvari
08:38
and it will react with cyberattacks
198
518769
2970
i reagirat će cyber-napadima
08:41
and elaborate pranks
199
521739
2101
i dobro smišljenim podvalama
08:43
and with a series of organized protests
200
523840
2649
i nizom organiziranih protesta
08:46
all around the world,
201
526489
1345
širom svijeta,
08:47
from my hometown of Tel Aviv
202
527834
1988
od mog rodnog grada Tel Aviva
08:49
to Adelaide, Australia.
203
529822
2244
do Adelaide u Australiji.
08:52
This proved that Anonymous and this idea
204
532066
3130
To je bio dokaz da Anonymousi i njihova ideja
08:55
can rally the masses from the keyboards
205
535196
3083
mogu povesti mase od tipkovnica
08:58
to the streets,
206
538279
1576
na ulice
08:59
and it laid the foundations
207
539855
1947
i to je udarilo temelje
09:01
for dozens of future operations
208
541802
2218
za tucet budućih operacija
09:04
against perceived injustices
209
544020
1940
protiv uočenih nepravdi
09:05
to their online and offline world.
210
545960
3356
prema njihovom online i offline svijetu.
09:09
Since then, they've gone after many targets.
211
549316
2025
Od tada su mnogi bili njihove mete.
09:11
They've uncovered corruption, abuse.
212
551341
2789
Razotkrili su korupciju, zlostavljanje.
09:14
They've hacked popes and politicians,
213
554130
2820
Hakirali su pape i političare,
09:16
and I think their effect is larger
214
556950
1677
i ja mislim da je njihov učinak veći
09:18
than simple denial of service attacks
215
558627
2797
od jednostavnih napada poput uskraćivanja usluga
09:21
that take down websites
216
561424
1376
što uzrokuje rušenje web stranica
09:22
or even leak sensitive documents.
217
562800
3638
ili čak curenje osjetljivih dokumenata.
09:26
I think that, like Robin Hood,
218
566438
3042
Ja mislim da se oni, poput Robina Hooda,
09:29
they are in the business of redistribution,
219
569480
3900
bave redistribucijom,
09:33
but what they are after isn't your money.
220
573380
2732
no njihov cilj nije vaš novac.
09:36
It's not your documents. It's your attention.
221
576112
4730
Nisu ni vaši dokumenti. To je vaša pažnja.
09:40
They grab the spotlight for causes they support,
222
580842
4540
Oni žele biti u centru pažnje zbog ideja koje zastupaju
09:45
forcing us to take note,
223
585382
2631
prisiljavajući nas da obratimo pažnju,
09:48
acting as a global magnifying glass
224
588013
2465
djelujući poput globalnog povećala
09:50
for issues that we are not as aware of
225
590478
2144
za sporna pitanja kojih mi nismo svjesni
09:52
but perhaps we should be.
226
592622
2109
a možda bismo trebali biti.
09:54
They have been called many names
227
594731
1853
Nazivaju ih raznim imenima
09:56
from criminals to terrorists,
228
596584
1771
od kriminalci do teroristi,
09:58
and I cannot justify their illegal means,
229
598355
3446
i ja ne mogu opravdati njihove ilegalne metode,
10:01
but the ideas they fight for
230
601801
2141
ali ideje za koje se bore
10:03
are ones that matter to us all.
231
603942
4026
važne su za sve nas.
10:07
The reality is,
232
607968
1983
Istina je da
10:09
hackers can do a lot more than break things.
233
609951
2805
hakeri mogu učiniti puno više od rastavljanja stvari.
10:12
They can bring people together.
234
612756
2473
Oni mogu okupiti ljude.
10:15
And if the Internet doesn't like it
235
615229
2323
A, ako Internet to ne voli
10:17
when you try to remove things from it,
236
617552
2647
kada želite ukloniti stvari s njega,
10:20
just watch what happens
237
620199
901
samo gledajte što se događa
10:21
when you try to shut the Internet down.
238
621100
2829
kada pokušate ugasiti Internet.
10:23
This took place in Egypt in January 2011,
239
623929
4592
Ovo se dogodilo u Egiptu u siječnju 2011.,
10:28
and as President Hosni Mubarak
240
628521
3216
kada je predsjednik Hosni Mubarak
10:31
attempted a desperate move
241
631737
2054
očajnički pokušavao
10:33
to quash the rising revolution on the streets of Cairo,
242
633791
3842
ugušiti revoluciju na ulicama Kaira
10:37
he sent his personal troops
243
637633
1870
poslao je svoje osobne trupe
10:39
down to Egypt's Internet service providers
244
639503
3643
na davatelje internetskih usluga u Egiptu
10:43
and had them physically kill the switch
245
643146
2471
i prisilio ih da fizički okrenu prekidač
10:45
on the country's connection to the world overnight.
246
645617
4245
i preko noći ugase vezu zemlje sa svijetom.
10:49
For a government to do a thing like that
247
649862
1615
Za jednu vladu, učiniti takvu stvar
10:51
was unprecedented,
248
651477
1719
bilo je bez presedana,
10:53
and for hackers, it made it personal.
249
653196
3464
a hakeri su to shvatili osobno.
10:56
Hackers like the Telecomix group
250
656660
2088
Hakeri poput Telecomix grupe
10:58
were already active on the ground,
251
658748
1873
već su bili aktivni na tom području,
11:00
helping Egyptians bypass censorship
252
660621
2818
pomažući Egipćanima da izbjegnu cenzuru
11:03
using clever workarounds like Morse code
253
663439
2490
koristeći pametne zaobilaznice poput Morzeovog koda
11:05
and ham radio.
254
665929
2028
i amaterskih radiostanica.
11:07
It was high season for low tech,
255
667957
2129
Bio je to vrhunac sezone za jednostavnu tehnologiju
11:10
which the government couldn't block,
256
670086
2564
koju vlada nije mogla blokirati
11:12
but when the Net went completely down,
257
672650
3242
no kada je Net bio potpuno ugašen,
11:15
Telecomix brought in the big guns.
258
675892
2938
Telecomix je doveo tešku artiljeriju.
11:18
They found European service providers
259
678830
2171
Pronašli su europske davatelje internetskih usluga
11:21
that still had 20-year-old
260
681001
2309
koji su još uvijek imali 20 godina staru
11:23
analog dial-up access infrastructure.
261
683310
2580
analognu infrastrukturu za pristup preko telefonskih linija.
11:25
They opened up 300 of those lines
262
685890
3402
Otvorili su 300 takvih linija
za korištenje Egipćanima,
11:29
for Egyptians to use,
263
689292
2474
koje su omogućavale sporu, ali slatku internetsku vezu
11:31
serving slow but sweet Internet connection
264
691766
2837
11:34
for Egyptians.
265
694603
1401
za Egipćane.
11:36
This worked.
266
696004
1295
To je radilo.
11:37
It worked so well, in fact,
267
697299
1793
Radilo je tako dobro, u stvari,
11:39
one guy even used it to download an episode
268
699092
2280
jedan momak je čak uspio skinuti epizodu
11:41
of "How I Met Your Mother."
269
701372
4338
serije "Kako sam upoznao tvoju majku."
11:45
But while Egypt's future is still uncertain,
270
705710
3921
No dok je budućnost Egipta još uvijek nesigurna,
11:49
when the same thing happened in Syria
271
709631
2653
kada se ista stvar dogodila u Siriji
11:52
just one year later,
272
712284
1520
samo godinu dana kasnije,
11:53
Telecomix were prepared with those Internet lines,
273
713804
3735
Telecomix je bio spreman s tim internetskim linijama,
11:57
and Anonymous,
274
717539
1169
a Anonymusi,
11:58
they were perhaps the first international group
275
718708
2246
oni su vjerojatno bili prva međunarodna grupa
12:00
to officially denounce the actions
276
720954
1704
koja je službeno obznanila akcije
12:02
of the Syrian military
277
722658
1913
sirijske vojske
12:04
by defacing their website.
278
724571
2804
šarajaći po njihovom websiteu.
12:07
But with this sort of power,
279
727375
3492
No, s takvom vrstom moći,
12:10
it really depends on where you stand,
280
730867
2346
stvarno ovisi na čijoj ste strani,
12:13
because one man's hero
281
733213
3509
jer nečiji heroj
12:16
can be another's villain,
282
736722
2247
može biti nitkov za drugoga,
12:18
and so the Syrian Electronic Army
283
738969
2398
pa je tako Sirijska elektronska armija
12:21
is a pro-Assad group of hackers
284
741367
2471
grupa hakera na strani Assada
12:23
who support his contentious regime.
285
743838
2665
koja podržava njegov sporni režim.
12:26
They've taken down multiple high-profile targets
286
746503
2682
Oni su srušili brojne istaknute mete
12:29
in the past few years,
287
749185
1635
u zadnjih nekoliko godina,
12:30
including the Associated Press's Twitter account,
288
750820
3383
uključujući Twitter account Associated Pressa,
12:34
in which they posted a message
289
754203
3016
na kojem su objavili poruku
12:37
about an attack on the White House
290
757219
2156
o napadu na Bijelu kuću
12:39
injuring President Obama.
291
759375
3263
u kojem je ranjen predsjednik Obama.
12:42
This tweet was fake, of course,
292
762638
2145
Taj tweet je bio lažan, naravno,
12:44
but the resulting drop in the Dow Jones index
293
764783
2939
ali posljedični pad Dow Jones indeksa
12:47
that day was most certainly not,
294
767722
3377
toga dana, sigurno nije,
i mnogo ljudi je izgubilo gomilu novca.
12:51
and a lot of people lost a lot of money.
295
771099
3262
12:54
This sort of thing is happening all over the world right now.
296
774361
3906
Ovakve stvari događaju se danas diljem svijeta.
12:58
In conflicts from the Crimean Peninsula
297
778267
2947
U sukobima od Krimskog poluotoka
13:01
to Latin America,
298
781214
2362
do Latinske Amerike,
13:03
from Europe to the United States,
299
783576
2304
od Europe do Sjedinjenih država,
13:05
hackers are a force for social,
300
785880
3057
hakeri su sila društvenog,
13:08
political and military influence.
301
788937
3766
političkog i vojnog utjecaja.
13:12
As individuals or in groups,
302
792703
2251
Kao pojedinci ili u grupama,
13:14
volunteers or military conflicts,
303
794954
2640
volonteri ili vojni povjerenici,
13:17
there are hackers everywhere.
304
797594
2641
hakeri su posvuda.
13:20
They come from all walks of life,
305
800235
2095
Oni dolaze iz svih slojeva društva,
13:22
ethnicities, ideologies and genders, I might add.
306
802330
4924
etniciteta, ideologija i rodova, mogla bih dodati.
13:27
They are now shaping the world's stage.
307
807254
3799
Oni danas oblikuju svjetsku pozornicu.
Hakeri predstavljaju izuzetnu snagu za promjenu
13:31
Hackers represent an exceptional force for change
308
811053
2845
13:33
in the 21st century.
309
813898
2164
u 21. stoljeću.
13:36
This is because access to information
310
816062
2537
To je zbog toga jer je pristup informacijama
13:38
is a critical currency of power,
311
818599
3313
kritična valuta moći,
13:41
one which governments would like to control,
312
821912
2966
ona koju bi vlade željele kontrolirati,
13:44
a thing they attempt to do by setting up
313
824878
2461
stvar koju pokušavaju uz pomoć
bogate ponude programa za nadzor,
13:47
all-you-can-eat surveillance programs,
314
827339
3660
13:50
a thing they need hackers for, by the way.
315
830999
2738
stvar za koju su im potrebni hakeri, usput budi rečeno.
13:53
And so the establishment has long had
316
833737
2647
I tako je ustanova odavno imala
13:56
a love-hate relationship when it comes to hackers,
317
836384
3707
odnos ljubavi i mržnje što se tiče hakera,
14:00
because the same people who demonize hacking
318
840091
2758
zato jer isti oni ljudi koji demoniziraju hakiranje
14:02
also utilize it at large.
319
842849
5082
također ga koriste, naveliko.
14:07
Two years ago,
320
847931
1248
Prije dvije godine,
14:09
I saw General Keith Alexander.
321
849179
2773
vidjela sam generala Keitha Alexandera.
14:11
He's the NSA director and U.S. cyber commander,
322
851952
4218
On je direktor NSA i U.S. cyber zapovjednik,
14:16
but instead of his four star general uniform,
323
856170
3708
ali umjesto svoje uniforme sa četiri zvjezdice
14:19
he was wearing jeans and a t-shirt.
324
859878
2296
nosio je traperice i majcu.
14:22
This was at DEF CON,
325
862174
1744
Bilo je to na DEF CON-u,
14:23
the world's largest hacker conference.
326
863918
3105
najvećoj svjetskoj konferenciji hakera.
14:27
Perhaps like me, General Alexander
327
867023
1927
Možda kao i ja, general Alexander
14:28
didn't see 12,000 criminals that day in Vegas.
328
868950
3820
nije vidio 12,000 kriminalaca toga dana u Las Vegasu.
14:32
I think he saw untapped potential.
329
872770
3111
Ja mislim da je vidio neiskorišteni potencijal.
14:35
In fact, he was there to give a hiring pitch.
330
875881
3373
U stvari, on je tamo bio radi vrbovanja novih radnika.
14:39
"In this room right here," he said,
331
879254
2640
"Upravo ovdje u ovoj sobi," rekao je,
14:41
"is the talent our nation needs."
332
881894
2390
"nalazi se talent koji naša nacija treba."
14:44
Well, hackers in the back row replied,
333
884284
3380
Hakeri u zadnjem redu su mu odgovorili,
14:47
"Then stop arresting us."
334
887664
2126
"Onda nas prestanite hapsiti."
14:49
(Applause)
335
889790
3434
(Pljesak)
14:53
Indeed, for years,
336
893224
2579
Uistinu, godinama su
14:55
hackers have been on the wrong side of the fence,
337
895803
2816
hakeri bili na krivoj strani ograde,
14:58
but in light of what we know now,
338
898619
2908
no u svijetlu onoga što danas znamo
15:01
who is more watchful of our online world?
339
901527
4273
tko više od njih budno pazi na naš online svijet?
15:05
The rules of the game are not that clear anymore,
340
905800
3006
Pravila igre više nisu tako jasna,
15:08
but hackers are perhaps the only ones
341
908806
3412
no hakeri su možda jedini
15:12
still capable of challenging overreaching governments
342
912218
3883
još uvijek u stanju izazivati svemoćne vlade
15:16
and data-hoarding corporates
343
916101
2215
i korporacije koje tajno gomilaju podatke,
15:18
on their own playing field.
344
918316
2478
na njihovom vlastitom terenu.
15:20
To me, that represents hope.
345
920794
3120
Za mene to predstavlja nadu.
15:23
For the past three decades,
346
923914
1324
Tijekom zadnja tri desetljeća
15:25
hackers have done a lot of things,
347
925238
1551
hakeri su napravili mnogo stvari,
15:26
but they have also impacted civil liberties,
348
926789
3217
no također su utjecali na civilne slobode,
15:30
innovation and Internet freedom,
349
930006
2370
inovacije i slobodu Interneta,
15:32
so I think it's time we take a good look
350
932376
2929
zato mislim da je vrijeme da dobro razmislimo
15:35
at how we choose to portray them,
351
935305
2130
na koji način ćemo ih prikazivati,
15:37
because if we keep expecting them to be the bad guys,
352
937435
3584
jer ako nastavimo očekivati od njih da budu zločesti dečki
kako onda mogu istovremeno biti heroji?
15:41
how can they be the heroes too?
353
941019
3470
15:44
My years in the hacker world
354
944489
2011
Godine provedene u svijetu hakera
15:46
have made me realize
355
946500
1642
učinile su da shvatim
15:48
both the problem and the beauty about hackers:
356
948142
5733
oboje, problem i ljepotu u hakerima:
15:53
They just can't see something broken in the world
357
953875
3158
Oni jednostavno ne mogu vidjeti nešto slomljeno u svijetu
15:57
and leave it be.
358
957033
1647
i ostaviti to na miru.
15:58
They are compelled
359
958680
1680
Oni su prinuđeni da to
16:00
to either exploit it or try and change it,
360
960360
3530
ili iskoriste ili pokušaju promijeniti,
16:03
and so they find the vulnerable aspects
361
963890
3916
i tako pronalaze ranjive aspekte
16:07
in our rapidly changing world.
362
967806
2134
u našem svijetu koji se tako brzo mijenja.
16:09
They make us, they force us to fix things
363
969940
4342
Oni nas tjeraju, oni nas prisiljavaju da popravimo stvari
16:14
or demand something better,
364
974282
1719
ili zahtijevaju nešto bolje,
16:16
and I think we need them
365
976001
1994
i ja mislim da ih trebamo
16:17
to do just that,
366
977995
2206
da rade upravo to,
16:20
because after all, it is not information
367
980201
3269
jer nakon svega, nisu informacije
16:23
that wants to be free, it's us.
368
983470
3105
te koje žele biti slobodne, to smo mi.
16:26
Thank you very much.
369
986575
3362
Puno vam hvala.
Hvala vam. (Pljesak)
16:29
Thank you. (Applause)
370
989937
2358
16:32
Hack the planet!
371
992295
1885
Hakirajmo planet!
O ovoj web stranici

Ova stranica će vas upoznati s YouTube videozapisima koji su korisni za učenje engleskog jezika. Vidjet ćete lekcije engleskog koje vode vrhunski profesori iz cijelog svijeta. Dvaput kliknite na engleske titlove prikazane na svakoj video stranici da biste reproducirali video s tog mjesta. Titlovi se pomiču sinkronizirano s reprodukcijom videozapisa. Ako imate bilo kakvih komentara ili zahtjeva, obratite nam se putem ovog obrasca za kontakt.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7