Hackers: the internet's immune system | Keren Elazari

1,008,652 views ใƒป 2014-06-10

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shir Ben Asher Kestin ืžื‘ืงืจ: Keren Elazari
00:12
Four years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื,
00:14
a security researcher,
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ื—ื•ืงืจ ืื‘ื˜ื—ื”,
00:16
or, as most people would call it, a hacker,
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ืื•, ื›ืžื• ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื”, ื”ืืงืจ,
00:20
found a way to literally
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ืžืฆื ื“ืจืš ืœื’ืจื•ื
00:22
make ATMs throw money at him.
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ืœื›ืกืคื•ืžื˜ื™ื, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™, ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืกืฃ.
00:26
His name was Barnaby Jack,
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ืฉืžื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื ื‘ื™ ื’'ืง,
00:29
and this technique was later called "jackpotting"
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ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ื”ื–ื• ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื "ื’'ืงืคื•ื˜ื™ื ื’"
00:33
in his honor.
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ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•.
00:34
I'm here today because I think
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ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช
00:36
we actually need hackers.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉ ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ืืงืจื™ื.
00:39
Barnaby Jack
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ื‘ืจื ื‘ื™ ื’'ืง
00:41
could have easily turned
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ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš
00:43
into a career criminal or James Bond villain
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ืœืคื•ืฉืข ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืื• ืœืจืฉืข ืžืกืจื˜ื™ ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ื‘ื•ื ื“
00:47
with his knowledge,
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ืขื ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื•,
00:48
but he chose to show the world
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื
00:51
his research instead.
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ืืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช.
00:54
He believed that sometimes
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื
00:55
you have to demo a threat
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื•ื
00:57
to spark a solution.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืช ืืช ื”ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ.
01:00
And I feel the same way.
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ื•ื’ื ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื›ืš.
01:02
That's why I'm here today.
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ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื.
01:04
We are often terrified and fascinated
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื•ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืžืกื•ืงืจื ื™ื
01:07
by the power hackers now have.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืืงืจื™ื ื›ืขืช.
01:11
They scare us.
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ื”ื ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•.
01:13
But the choices they make
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื
01:15
have dramatic outcomes
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ื™ืฉ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื•ืช
01:17
that influence us all.
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ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•.
01:20
So I am here today because I think we need hackers,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ืืงืจื™ื,
01:23
and in fact, they just might be
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื
01:27
the immune system for the information age.
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ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
01:31
Sometimes they make us sick,
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
01:33
but they also find those hidden threats
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื’ื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื™ื
01:36
in our world,
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื•,
01:38
and they make us fix it.
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ื•ื”ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื ื• ืœืชืงืŸ ืื•ืชื.
01:41
I knew that I might get hacked
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ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืคืจืฆื• ืืœื™
01:43
for giving this talk,
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ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ื”ื–ืืช,
01:45
so let me save you the effort.
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ืื– ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืžืืžืฅ.
01:48
In true TED fashion,
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ื›ื™ืื” ืœ-TED,
01:50
here is my most embarrassing picture.
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื›ื” ืฉืœื™.
01:54
But it would be difficult for you to find me in it,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืงืฉื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื” ืื•ืชื™,
01:57
because I'm the one who looks like a boy
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื™ ื–ืืช ืฉื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืžื• ื™ืœื“
02:00
standing to the side.
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ืฉืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืฆื“.
02:02
I was such a nerd back then
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ื–ืืช ื—ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื
02:04
that even the boys on the Dungeons and Dragons team
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ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื“ืจืงื•ื ื™ื
02:07
wouldn't let me join.
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ืœื ื ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ.
02:09
This is who I was,
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ื–ื• ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™,
02:11
but this is who I wanted to be:
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ืžื™ ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช:
02:15
Angelina Jolie.
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ืื ื’'ืœื™ื ื” ื’'ื•ืœื™.
02:17
She portrayed Acid Burn
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ื”ื™ื ื’ื™ืœืžื” ืืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉื "ACIDBURN"
02:19
in the '95 film "Hackers."
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ื‘ืกืจื˜ "ืžืจื“ืฃ ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘" ื‘ืฉื ืช 95'.
02:21
She was pretty and she could rollerblade,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ืคื” ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื“ืขื” ืœื™ืกื•ืข ืขืœ ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื•ืช,
02:24
but being a hacker, that made her powerful.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืงืจื™ืช, ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืื•ืชื” ืœื—ื–ืงื”.
02:29
And I wanted to be just like her,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื•ื”,
02:31
so I started spending a lot of time
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ
02:33
on hacker chat rooms and online forums.
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ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ ืฆ'ืื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืืงืจื™ื ื•ืคื•ืจื•ืžื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื.
02:36
I remember one late night
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืฉืžืื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืื—ื“
02:39
I found a bit of PHP code.
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ืžืฆืืชื™ ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ PHP.
02:41
I didn't really know what it did,
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ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืžื” ื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื”,
02:42
but I copy-pasted it
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ืื‘ืœ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืœื–ื” "ื”ืขืชืง-ื”ื“ื‘ืง"
02:44
and used it anyway
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ื•ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื™ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช
02:46
to get into a password-protected site
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืืชืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืกืžื”
02:48
like that.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ื›ื”.
02:50
Open Sesame.
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ืฉื•ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื™ืคืชื—.
02:52
It was a simple trick,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืจื™ืง ืคืฉื•ื˜,
02:53
and I was just a script kiddie back then,
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจืง ื™ืœื“ื•ื ืช-ืกืงืจื™ืคื˜ื™ื ืื–,
02:56
but to me, that trick,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจื™, ื”ื˜ืจื™ืง ื”ื–ื”,
02:57
it felt like this,
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ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื›ื”,
03:00
like I had discovered limitless potential
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื—ืกืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช
03:02
at my fingertips.
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ื‘ืงืฆื•ืช ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™.
03:04
This is the rush of power that hackers feel.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืจื™ื’ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉื”ืืงืจื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื.
03:07
It's geeks just like me
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ืืœื” ื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื•ื ื™
03:10
discovering they have access to superpower,
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ืฉืžื’ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื›ื—-ืขืœ,
03:13
one that requires the skill and tenacity
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ื›ื–ื” ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื”ืชืžื“ื”
03:16
of their intellect,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ ืฉืœื”ื,
03:18
but thankfully no radioactive spiders.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ ืœื ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืจื“ื™ื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื.
03:21
But with great power
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ืืš ืขื ื›ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ
03:23
comes great responsibility,
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ื‘ืื” ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”,
03:25
and you all like to think that if we had such powers,
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืื ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”,
03:29
we would only use them for good.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืจืง ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
03:31
But what if you could read your ex's emails,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืงืกื™ื ืฉืœื›ื,
03:35
or add a couple zeros to your bank account.
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ืื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื ื™ ืืคืกื™ื ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืฉืœื›ื.
03:38
What would you do then?
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื–?
03:40
Indeed, many hackers do not resist
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ืื›ืŸ, ื”ืืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื
03:42
those temptations,
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ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
03:44
and so they are responsible in one way or another
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื ืื—ืจืื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื–ื• ืื• ืื—ืจืช
03:47
to billions of dollars lost each year
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ืœืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืฉื ืื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื”
03:49
to fraud, malware or plain old identity theft,
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ืœื”ื•ื ืื•ืช, ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื“ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื’ื ื™ื‘ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช,
03:53
which is a serious issue.
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ื•ื–ื• ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช.
03:55
But there are other hackers,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื”ืืงืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
03:57
hackers who just like to break things,
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ื”ืืงืจื™ื ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
03:59
and it is precisely those hackers
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ื•ืืœื• ื”ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื•ืชื ื”ืืงืจื™ื
04:02
that can find the weaker elements in our world
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ื”ื—ืœืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื•
04:05
and make us fix it.
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ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื ื• ืœืชืงืŸ ืื•ืชื.
04:07
This is what happened last year
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”
04:09
when another security researcher
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ื›ืฉื—ื•ืงืจ ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ
04:11
called Kyle Lovett
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ื‘ืฉื ืงื™ื™ืœ ืœืื‘ื˜
04:12
discovered a gaping hole
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ื’ื™ืœื” ืคื™ืจืฆื” ืคืขื•ืจื”
04:14
in the design of certain wireless routers
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ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืชื‘ื™ื ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื
04:17
like you might have in your home or office.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื• ื‘ืžืฉืจื“.
04:20
He learned that anyone could remotely connect
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื™ืœื” ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืžืจื—ื•ืง
04:22
to these devices over the Internet
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ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื“ืจืš ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
04:24
and download documents from hard drives
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ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื ื ื™ื ืงืฉื™ื—ื™ื
04:27
attached to those routers,
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ืฉืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ืชื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
04:29
no password needed.
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ืœืœื ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืกื™ืกืžื”.
04:31
He reported it to the company, of course,
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ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœื—ื‘ืจื”, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
04:34
but they ignored his report.
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ืืš ื”ื ื”ืชืขืœืžื• ืžื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœื•.
04:36
Perhaps they thought universal access
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื’ื™ืฉื” ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช
04:38
was a feature, not a bug,
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ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ื•ืœื ื‘ืื’,
04:41
until two months ago
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ืขื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื
04:43
when a group of hackers used it
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืงืจื™ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ืคื™ืจืฆื”
04:44
to get into people's files.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.
04:46
But they didn't steal anything.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืœื ื’ื ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ.
04:49
They left a note:
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ื”ื ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ื”ื•ื“ืขื”:
04:51
Your router and your documents
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"ืืœ ื”ื ืชื‘ ื•ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื
04:53
can be accessed by anyone in the world.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืฉืช ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
04:55
Here's what you should do to fix it.
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ื”ื ื” ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืŸ ื–ืืช.
04:57
We hope we helped.
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ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืฉืขื–ืจื ื•".
05:00
By getting into people's files like that,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ื–ื”,
05:02
yeah, they broke the law,
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ื›ืŸ, ื”ื ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง,
05:04
but they also forced that company
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื’ื ื”ื›ืจื™ื—ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช
05:06
to fix their product.
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ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœื”ื.
05:08
Making vulnerabilities known to the public
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ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืชื•ืจืคื” ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
05:10
is a practice called full disclosure
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ื”ื•ื ืžื ื”ื’ ืฉื ืงืจื "ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืžืœืื”"
05:13
in the hacker community,
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ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”ื”ืืงืจื™ื,
05:15
and it is controversial,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช,
05:17
but it does make me think of how hackers
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื›ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืฉืœื”ืืงืจื™ื
05:19
have an evolving effect on technologies we use
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ื™ืฉ ืืคืงื˜ ืžืชืคืชื— ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื
05:22
every day.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
05:24
This is what Khalil did.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื—ืœื™ืœ ืขืฉื”.
05:26
Khalil is a Palestinian hacker from the West Bank,
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ื—ืœื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืืงืจ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ ืžื”ื’ื“ื” ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช,
05:28
and he found a serious privacy flaw on Facebook
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื ืคื’ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง
05:32
which he attempted to report
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ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืกื” ืœื“ื•ื•ื—
05:34
through the company's bug bounty program.
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ื“ืจืš ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืคืจืกื™ ื”ื‘ืื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.
05:37
These are usually great arrangements for companies
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ืืœื• ื”ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื ื ื”ื“ืจื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช
05:40
to reward hackers disclosing vulnerabilities
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ืœืชื’ืžืœ ื”ืืงืจื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืชื•ืจืคื”
05:43
they find in their code.
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ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
05:45
Unfortunately, due to some miscommunications,
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ืœืจื•ืข ื”ืžื–ืœ, ืขืงื‘ ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช,
05:48
his report was not acknowledged.
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ื”ื ืœื ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœื•.
05:51
Frustrated with the exchange,
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ืžืชื•ืกื›ืœ ืžื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
05:53
he took to use his own discovery
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื•
05:57
to post on Mark Zuckerberg's wall.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืืจืง ืฆื•ืงืจื‘ืจื’.
06:00
This got their attention, all right,
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ื–ื” ื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื™ื‘ื, ืœืœื ืกืคืง,
06:02
and they fixed the bug,
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ื•ื”ื ืชื™ืงื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืื’,
06:06
but because he hadn't reported it properly,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื›ืš ื›ืจืื•ื™,
06:09
he was denied the bounty usually paid out
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ืžื ืขื• ืžืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืคืจืก ืฉืžืฉืœืžื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ
06:11
for such discoveries.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื’ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ืืœื•.
06:13
Thankfully for Khalil,
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ืœืžื–ืœื• ืฉืœ ื—ืœื™ืœ,
06:15
a group of hackers were watching out for him.
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืงืจื™ื ื“ืื’ื” ืœื•.
06:18
In fact, they raised more than 13,000 dollars
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื ื’ื™ื™ืกื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-13,000 ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื
06:22
to reward him for this discovery,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชื’ืžืœ ืื•ืชื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชื’ืœื™ืช ื”ื–ื•,
06:24
raising a vital discussion in the technology industry
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ื•ื”ืขืœื• ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
06:27
about how we come up with incentives
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ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื
06:30
for hackers to do the right thing.
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ืœื”ืืงืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
06:32
But I think there's a greater story here still.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
06:35
Even companies founded by hackers,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืกื“ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืืงืจื™ื,
06:38
like Facebook was,
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ื›ืžื• ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง,
06:41
still have a complicated relationship
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช
06:43
when it comes to hackers.
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ืขื ื”ื”ืืงืจื™ื.
06:45
And so for more conservative organizations,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžืจื ื™ื™ื,
06:48
it is going to take time and adapting
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ื–ื” ื™ื™ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื”ืกืชื’ืœื•ืช
06:52
in order to embrace hacker culture
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ื™ืืžืฆื• ืืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืืงืจื™ื
06:54
and the creative chaos that it brings with it.
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ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืื•ืก ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืขื™ืžื”.
06:57
But I think it's worth the effort,
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ืืš ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืžืืžืฅ,
07:00
because the alternative,
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื”,
07:02
to blindly fight all hackers,
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ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืืงืจื™ื,
07:05
is to go against the power you cannot control
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ื”ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ื— ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”
07:08
at the cost of stifling innovation
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ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช
07:11
and regulating knowledge.
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ื•ื•ื™ืกื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ืข.
07:14
These are things that will come back and bite you.
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ืืœื• ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื–ืจื• ื•ื™ื›ื• ื‘ืš.
07:18
It is even more true
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ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ
07:19
if we go after hackers
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ืื ื ืฆื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืืงืจื™ื
07:21
that are willing to risk their own freedom
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ืฉืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
07:24
for ideals like the freedom of the web,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืจืฉืช,
07:27
especially in times like this, like today even,
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ื›ืืœื•, ื›ืžื• ื”ื™ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื•,
07:31
as governments and corporates
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ื›ืฉืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื•ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื
07:34
fight to control the Internet.
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ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
07:37
I find it astounding
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ืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆืืช ืฉื–ื” ืžืคืขื™ื,
07:40
that someone from the shadowy corners of cyberspace
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ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื”ืคื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ-ืกืคื™ื™ืก
07:43
can become its voice of opposition,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืงื•ืœ ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื•,
07:45
its last line of defense even,
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ื”ืงื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืฉืœื• ืืคื™ืœื•,
07:48
perhaps someone like Anonymous,
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ืื•ืœื™ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• "ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื•ืก",
07:51
the leading brand of global hacktivism.
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ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื–ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
07:55
This universal hacker movement
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ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ื”ืืงืจื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช
07:58
needs no introduction today,
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ืœื ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœื”ืฆื’ื” ื›ื™ื•ื,
07:59
but six years ago
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ืืš ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื
08:01
they were not much more than an Internet subculture
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืช-ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ืช
08:05
dedicated to sharing silly pictures of funny cats
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ืฉื”ื•ืงื“ืฉื” ืœื”ืคืฆืช ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ืคืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืชื•ืœื™ื ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื™ื
08:08
and Internet trolling campaigns.
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ื•ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื ื’ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
08:11
Their moment of transformation was in early 2008
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ืจื’ืข ื”ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฉื ืช 2008
08:16
when the Church of Scientology
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ื ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืกื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
08:18
attempted to remove certain leaked videos
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ื ื™ืกืชื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื“ืœืคื•
08:21
from appearing on certain websites.
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ืžืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืืชืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื.
08:25
This is when Anonymous was forged
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• "ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื•ืก" ื—ื•ืฉืœื”
08:27
out of the seemingly random collection
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ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ืกืฃ ื”ืืงืจืื™ ืœื›ืื•ืจื”
08:30
of Internet dwellers.
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ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื›ื ื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
08:32
It turns out,
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ,
08:34
the Internet doesn't like it
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ืฉ"ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜" ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘
08:36
when you try to remove things from it,
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ื›ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืžืžื ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
08:38
and it will react with cyberattacks
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื’ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืชืงืคื•ืช ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ
08:41
and elaborate pranks
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ื•ืžืชื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช
08:43
and with a series of organized protests
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ื•ื‘ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคื’ื ื•ืช ืžืื•ืจื’ื ื•ืช
08:46
all around the world,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
08:47
from my hometown of Tel Aviv
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ืžืขื™ืจ ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื™ ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘
08:49
to Adelaide, Australia.
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ื•ืขื“ ืื“ืœื™ื™ื“, ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”.
08:52
This proved that Anonymous and this idea
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉ"ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื•ืก" ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
08:55
can rally the masses from the keyboards
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืืช ื”ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ืžืงืœื“ื•ืช
08:58
to the streets,
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ืืœ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช,
08:59
and it laid the foundations
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช
09:01
for dozens of future operations
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช
09:04
against perceived injustices
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ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฆื“ืง
09:05
to their online and offline world.
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ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืœื-ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื.
09:09
Since then, they've gone after many targets.
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ืžืื–, ื”ื ืคืขืœื• ื ื’ื“ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
09:11
They've uncovered corruption, abuse.
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ื”ื ื—ืฉืคื• ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ื™ื•ืช.
09:14
They've hacked popes and politicians,
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ื”ื ืคืจืฆื• ืœืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื,
09:16
and I think their effect is larger
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:18
than simple denial of service attacks
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ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืชืงืคื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื ื™ืขืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช
09:21
that take down websites
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ืฉืžืคื™ืœื•ืช ืืชืจื™ื
09:22
or even leak sensitive documents.
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื“ืœืคืช ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื.
09:26
I think that, like Robin Hood,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื›ืžื• ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื“,
09:29
they are in the business of redistribution,
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ื”ื ื‘ืขืกืงื™ ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ,
09:33
but what they are after isn't your money.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืœื›ื.
09:36
It's not your documents. It's your attention.
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ืœื ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื. ื–ื• ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœื›ื.
09:40
They grab the spotlight for causes they support,
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ื”ื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืืช ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ืจืงื•ืจื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ,
09:45
forcing us to take note,
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ื•ืžื›ืจื™ื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘,
09:48
acting as a global magnifying glass
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ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื›ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืžื’ื“ืœืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืืœื™ืช
09:50
for issues that we are not as aware of
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื”ืŸ
09:52
but perhaps we should be.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
09:54
They have been called many names
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ืงืจืื• ืœื”ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืžื•ืช
09:56
from criminals to terrorists,
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ืžืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ื•ืขื“ ื˜ืจื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื,
09:58
and I cannot justify their illegal means,
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ื•ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ืœื ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
10:01
but the ideas they fight for
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ืืš ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื
10:03
are ones that matter to us all.
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ื”ื ื›ืืœื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•.
10:07
The reality is,
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ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื
10:09
hackers can do a lot more than break things.
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ืฉื”ืืงืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
10:12
They can bring people together.
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื—ื“.
10:15
And if the Internet doesn't like it
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ื•ืื "ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜" ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื–ื”
10:17
when you try to remove things from it,
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืžืžื ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
10:20
just watch what happens
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ื—ื›ื• ื•ืชืจืื• ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”
10:21
when you try to shut the Internet down.
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžื ืกื” ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
10:23
This took place in Egypt in January 2011,
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ื–ื” ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2011.
10:28
and as President Hosni Mubarak
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืกื ื™ ืžื•ื‘ืจืืง
10:31
attempted a desperate move
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ื ื™ืกื” ื‘ืฆืขื“ ื ื•ืืฉ
10:33
to quash the rising revolution on the streets of Cairo,
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ืœืžื—ื•ืฅ ืืช ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงื”ื™ืจ,
10:37
he sent his personal troops
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•
10:39
down to Egypt's Internet service providers
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ืืœ ืกืคืงื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื
10:43
and had them physically kill the switch
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ื•ื”ื•ืจื” ืœื”ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื™ื–ื™, ืืช ื”ืžืชื’
10:45
on the country's connection to the world overnight.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ืœื”.
10:49
For a government to do a thing like that
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ืฉืžืžืฉืœื” ืชืขืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”
10:51
was unprecedented,
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ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืชืงื“ื™ื,
10:53
and for hackers, it made it personal.
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ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืืงืจื™ื, ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืืช ื–ื” ืœืื™ืฉื™.
10:56
Hackers like the Telecomix group
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ื”ืืงืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช "ื˜ืœืงื•ืžื™ืงืก"
10:58
were already active on the ground,
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื• ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—
11:00
helping Egyptians bypass censorship
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ื•ืขื–ืจื• ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืฆื ื–ื•ืจื”
11:03
using clever workarounds like Morse code
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืขืงืคื™ื ื›ืžื• ืงื•ื“ ืžื•ืจืก
11:05
and ham radio.
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ื•ืจื“ื™ื• ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื.
11:07
It was high season for low tech,
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” "ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืžื”" ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช,
11:10
which the government couldn't block,
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ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื ื™ื›ืœื” ืœื—ืกื•ื.
11:12
but when the Net went completely down,
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ืืš ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืจืฉืช ื›ื•ืœื” ื ืคืœื”,
11:15
Telecomix brought in the big guns.
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ื˜ืœืงื•ืžื™ืงืก ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืชื—ื™ื ื”ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื.
11:18
They found European service providers
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ื”ื ืžืฆืื• ืกืคืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื
11:21
that still had 20-year-old
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ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื‘ืช 20 ืฉื ื”
11:23
analog dial-up access infrastructure.
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ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืฉืช ื—ื™ื•ื’ ืื ืœื•ื’ื™.
11:25
They opened up 300 of those lines
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ื”ื ืคืชื—ื• 300 ืžื”ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
11:29
for Egyptians to use,
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ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื,
11:31
serving slow but sweet Internet connection
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ื•ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืื™ื˜ื™ ืืš ืžืชื•ืง
11:34
for Egyptians.
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ืœืžืฆืจื™ื.
11:36
This worked.
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ื–ื” ืขื‘ื“.
11:37
It worked so well, in fact,
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ื–ื” ืขื‘ื“ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘, ืœืžืขืฉื”,
11:39
one guy even used it to download an episode
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ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืคืจืง
11:41
of "How I Met Your Mother."
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ืฉืœ "ืื™ืš ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ืืžื".
11:45
But while Egypt's future is still uncertain,
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ืืš ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืขืชื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ,
11:49
when the same thing happened in Syria
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ื›ืฉืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืจื” ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื”
11:52
just one year later,
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ืจืง ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ,
11:53
Telecomix were prepared with those Internet lines,
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"ื˜ืœืงื•ืžื™ืงืก" ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืขื ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ืืœื•,
11:57
and Anonymous,
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ื•"ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื•ืก"?
11:58
they were perhaps the first international group
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
12:00
to officially denounce the actions
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ืฉื’ื™ื ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฉืžื™ ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช
12:02
of the Syrian military
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ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ืกื•ืจื™,
12:04
by defacing their website.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื”ืืชืจ ืฉืœื”ื.
12:07
But with this sort of power,
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ืืš ืขื ืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื—,
12:10
it really depends on where you stand,
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ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืชืœื•ื™ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืืชื” ืขื•ืžื“.
12:13
because one man's hero
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ื›ื™ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืื—ื“
12:16
can be another's villain,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืข ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืื—ืจ,
12:18
and so the Syrian Electronic Army
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ื•ื›ืš "ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืกื•ืจื™ื”"
12:21
is a pro-Assad group of hackers
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ื”ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืงืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืคืจื•-ืืกื“
12:23
who support his contentious regime.
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ืฉืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•.
12:26
They've taken down multiple high-profile targets
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ื”ื ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื”
12:29
in the past few years,
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ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
12:30
including the Associated Press's Twitter account,
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช,
12:34
in which they posted a message
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ื‘ื• ื”ื ืคื™ืจืกืžื• ื”ื•ื“ืขื”
12:37
about an attack on the White House
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ืขืœ ื”ืชืงืคื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ
12:39
injuring President Obama.
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ื‘ื” ื ืคื’ืข ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืื•ื‘ืžื”.
12:42
This tweet was fake, of course,
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ื”ืฆื™ื•ืฅ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื–ื•ื™ืฃ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
12:44
but the resulting drop in the Dow Jones index
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืคื™ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ื“ืื• ื’'ื•ื ืก
12:47
that day was most certainly not,
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื”,
12:51
and a lot of people lost a lot of money.
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ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ.
12:54
This sort of thing is happening all over the world right now.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
12:58
In conflicts from the Crimean Peninsula
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ื‘ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื—ืฆื™ ื”ืื™ ืงืจื™ื
13:01
to Latin America,
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ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช,
13:03
from Europe to the United States,
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ืžืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
13:05
hackers are a force for social,
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ื”ืืงืจื™ื ื”ื ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
13:08
political and military influence.
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ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื•ืฆื‘ืื™ืช.
13:12
As individuals or in groups,
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ื›ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ื ืื• ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช,
13:14
volunteers or military conflicts,
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ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืื• ื‘ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื,
13:17
there are hackers everywhere.
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ื™ืฉื ื ื”ืืงืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
13:20
They come from all walks of life,
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ื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
13:22
ethnicities, ideologies and genders, I might add.
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ื”ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื”ืืชื ื™ื™ื, ื”ืื™ื“ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ื, ืื ื™ ืื•ืกื™ืฃ.
13:27
They are now shaping the world's stage.
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ื”ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
13:31
Hackers represent an exceptional force for change
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ื”ืืงืจื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ื›ื— ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™
13:33
in the 21st century.
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ื‘ืžืื” ื”-21.
13:36
This is because access to information
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ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ื“ืข
13:38
is a critical currency of power,
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ื”ื™ื ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื›ื—,
13:41
one which governments would like to control,
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ืฉื‘ื• ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื˜,
13:44
a thing they attempt to do by setting up
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื ืกื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงืžืช
13:47
all-you-can-eat surveillance programs,
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ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืงื‘ "ืื›ื•ืœ-ื›ืคื™-ื™ื›ื•ืœืชืš",
13:50
a thing they need hackers for, by the way.
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืŸ ื–ืงื•ืงื•ืช ืœื”ืืงืจื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื•, ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘.
13:53
And so the establishment has long had
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ื•ื›ืš ืœืžืžืฉืœ ื™ืฉ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ
13:56
a love-hate relationship when it comes to hackers,
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ื™ื—ืกื™ ืื”ื‘ื”-ืฉื ืื” ื›ืฉื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืืงืจื™ื,
14:00
because the same people who demonize hacking
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืชื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ืžื•ื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืœื”ืืงื™ื ื’
14:02
also utilize it at large.
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ื’ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืš , ื•ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
14:07
Two years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื
14:09
I saw General Keith Alexander.
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื’ื ืจืœ ืงื™ืช' ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ.
14:11
He's the NSA director and U.S. cyber commander,
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ืจืืฉ ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืจืืฉ ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘,
14:16
but instead of his four star general uniform,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื“ื™ ื”ื’ื ืจืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื•,
14:19
he was wearing jeans and a t-shirt.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ืฉ ื’'ื™ื ืก ื•ื˜ื™-ืฉื™ืจื˜.
14:22
This was at DEF CON,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘-DEF CON,
14:23
the world's largest hacker conference.
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ื›ื ืก ื”ื”ืืงืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
14:27
Perhaps like me, General Alexander
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ืื•ืœื™ ื›ืžื•ื ื™, ื’ื ืจืœ ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ
14:28
didn't see 12,000 criminals that day in Vegas.
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ืœื ืจืื” 12,000 ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื•ื•ื’ืืก.
14:32
I think he saw untapped potential.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืื” ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื ื•ืฆืœ.
14:35
In fact, he was there to give a hiring pitch.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉืืช ื ืื•ื ื”ืฆืขืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
14:39
"In this room right here," he said,
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"ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื›ืืŸ," ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ,
14:41
"is the talent our nation needs."
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"ื ืžืฆื ื”ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืœื• ื”ืื•ืžื” ืฉืœื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื”."
14:44
Well, hackers in the back row replied,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืืงืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขื ื•,
14:47
"Then stop arresting us."
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"ืื– ืชืคืกื™ืงื• ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื•."
14:49
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:53
Indeed, for years,
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ืื›ืŸ, ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื,
14:55
hackers have been on the wrong side of the fence,
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ื”ืืงืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจ,
14:58
but in light of what we know now,
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ืืš ืœืื•ืจ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
15:01
who is more watchful of our online world?
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ืžื™ ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•?
15:05
The rules of the game are not that clear anymore,
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ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื,
15:08
but hackers are perhaps the only ones
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืงืจื™ื ื”ื ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื
15:12
still capable of challenging overreaching governments
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ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืืชื’ืจ ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ
15:16
and data-hoarding corporates
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ื•ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืื•ื’ืจื™ ืžื™ื“ืข
15:18
on their own playing field.
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ื‘ืžื’ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืขืฆืžื.
15:20
To me, that represents hope.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจื™, ื–ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
15:23
For the past three decades,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื,
15:25
hackers have done a lot of things,
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ื”ืืงืจื™ื ืขืฉื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
15:26
but they have also impacted civil liberties,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื’ื ื”ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜,
15:30
innovation and Internet freedom,
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ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
15:32
so I think it's time we take a good look
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘
15:35
at how we choose to portray them,
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ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืื•ืชื,
15:37
because if we keep expecting them to be the bad guys,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืžื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ื”ืจืขื™ื,
15:41
how can they be the heroes too?
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ืื™ืš ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื?
15:44
My years in the hacker world
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ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื”ืืงืจื™ื
15:46
have made me realize
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ื’ืจืžื• ืœื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
15:48
both the problem and the beauty about hackers:
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ื’ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื•ื’ื ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื”ืืงืจื™ื:
15:53
They just can't see something broken in the world
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ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืงื•ืœืงืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
15:57
and leave it be.
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ื•ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืœื–ื”.
15:58
They are compelled
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ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื
16:00
to either exploit it or try and change it,
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ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื–ื” ืื• ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”,
16:03
and so they find the vulnerable aspects
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ื”ืืกืคืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื
16:07
in our rapidly changing world.
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
16:09
They make us, they force us to fix things
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ื”ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื ื•, ืžื›ืจื™ื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืชืงืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
16:14
or demand something better,
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ืื• ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
16:16
and I think we need them
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ื
16:17
to do just that,
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ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ื–ื”,
16:20
because after all, it is not information
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ื›ื™ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืžื™ื“ืข
16:23
that wants to be free, it's us.
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ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™, ืืœื ืื ื—ื ื•.
16:26
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
16:29
Thank you. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื”. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
16:32
Hack the planet!
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ืคืจืฆื• ืœืขื•ืœื!
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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