How film transforms the way we see the world | Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy

Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuća Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović

I'm a storyteller,

Ja sam pripovedač,

but I'm also a troublemaker.

ali volim i da pravim probleme.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And I have a habit of asking difficult questions.

Imam naviku da postavljam teška pitanja.

It started when I was 10 years old,

To je počelo kada sam imala 10 godina,

and my mother, who was raising six children, had no time for them.

a moja majka, koja je odgajala šestoro dece, nije imala vremena za njih.

At 14, fed up with my increasingly annoying questions,

Kada sam imala 14 godina,

kako su joj se smučila moja sve dosadnija pitanja,

she recommended that I begin writing for the local English-language newspaper

preporučila mi je da počnem da pišem za lokalne novine na engleskom jeziku

in Pakistan,

u Pakistanu,

to put my questions out to the entire country, she said.

kako je rekla, da postavim pitanja čitavoj zemlji.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

At 17, I was an undercover investigative journalist.

Sa 17 sam bila istraživački novinar na tajnom zadatku.

I don't even think my editor knew just how young I was

Mislim da moj urednik nije ni znao koliko sam bila mlada

when I sent in a story that named and shamed

kada sam poslala priču koja je imenovala i osramotila

some very powerful people.

neke vrlo moćne ljude.

The men I'd written about wanted to teach me a lesson.

Muškarci o kojima sam pisala hteli su da me nauče lekciji.

They wanted to shame me and my family.

Želeli su da osramote mene i moju porodicu.

They spray-painted my name and my family's name

Sprejem su ispisali moje ime i imena iz moje porodice

with unspeakable profanities across our front gate

uz neizrecive vulgarnosti po našoj kapiji

and around our neighborhood.

i po našem komšiluku.

And they felt that my father, who was a strict man of tradition,

Smatrali su da će me otac, koji je bio strog, tradicionalan čovek,

would stop me.

zaustaviti.

Instead, my father stood in front of me and said,

Umesto toga, moj otac je stao ispred mene i rekao:

"If you speak the truth, I will stand with you,

„Ako govoriš istinu, biću uz tebe i ja

and so will the world."

i ceo svet.“

And then he got --

I onda je doveo -

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

And then he got a group of people together and they whitewashed the walls.

Onda je doveo grupu ljudi koji su okrečili zidove.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I've always wanted my stories to jolt people,

Oduvek sam želela da moje priče trgnu ljude,

to shake them into having difficult conversations.

da ih uzdrmaju tako da povedu teške razgovore.

And I felt that I would be more effective if I did something visual.

Pomislila sam da ću biti efikasnija ako uradim nešto vizuelno.

And so at 21, I became a documentary filmmaker,

Tako sam u 21. godini postala režiser dokumentarnih filmova

turning my camera onto marginalized communities

i usmerila sam kameru ka marginalizovanim zajednicama

on the front lines in war zones,

u prvim redovima ratnih zona,

eventually returning home to Pakistan,

na kraju se vrativši kući u Pakistan,

where I wanted to document violence against women.

gde sam želela da zabeležim nasilje nad ženama.

Pakistan is home to 200 million people.

U Pakistanu živi 200 miliona ljudi.

And with its low levels of literacy,

A kako je nivo pismenosti nizak,

film can change the way people perceive issues.

film može promeniti način na koji ljudi opažaju probleme.

An effective storyteller speaks to our emotions,

Efikasan pripovedač se obraća našim emocijama,

elicits empathy and compassion,

izaziva empatiju i saosećanje

and forces us to look at things differently.

i primorava nas da sagledamo stvari na drugačiji način.

In my country, film had the potential to go beyond cinema.

U mojoj zemlji je film imao potencijal da prevaziđe bioskop.

It could change lives.

Mogao je da menja živote.

The issues that I've always wanted to raise --

Pitanja koja sam oduvek želela da postavim -

I've always wanted to hold up a mirror to society --

oduvek sam želela da stavim društvo pred ogledalo -

they've been driven by my barometer of anger.

pokretao je moj barometar ljutnje.

And my barometer of anger led me, in 2014, to honor killings.

A barometar ljutnje me je 2014. godine doveo do ubijanja zbog časti.

Honor killings take place in many parts of the world,

Ubijanja zbog časti se dešavaju u mnogim delovima sveta,

where men punish women who transgress rules made by them:

gde muškarci kažnjavaju žene koje prekrše njihova pravila:

women who choose to marry on their own free will;

žene koje odluče da se udaju u skladu sa svojom slobodnom voljom,

or women who are looking for a divorce;

ili žene koje zatraže razvod,

or women who are suspected of having illicit relationships.

ili žene za koje se sumnja da imaju nezakonite veze.

In the rest of the world, honor killings would be known as murder.

U ostatku sveta, ubijanje zbog časti nazivalo bi se ubistvom.

I always wanted to tell that story from the perspective of a survivor.

Oduvek sam želela da ispričam tu priču iz perspektive preživelog.

But women do not live to tell their tale

Ali žene ne dožive da ispričaju svoju priču

and instead end up in unmarked graves.

i završe u neobeleženim grobovima.

So one morning when I was reading the newspaper,

Zato, jednog jutra kada sam čitala novine

and I read that a young woman had miraculously survived

i kada sam pročitala da je jedna mlada žena čudom preživela

after being shot in the face by her father and her uncle

nakon što su je otac i ujak upucali u lice

because she chose to marry a man out of her free will,

jer je odlučila da se uda za čoveka po sopstvenom nahođenju,

I knew I had found my storyteller.

znala sam da sam našla svog pripovedača.

Saba was determined to send her father and her uncle to jail,

Saba je bila rešena da pošalje oca i ujaka u zatvor,

but in the days after leaving the hospital,

ali u danima nakon izlaska iz bolnice,

pressure mounted on her to forgive.

na nju je vršen pritisak da oprosti.

You see, there was a loophole in the law

Vidite, postojala je rupa u zakonu

that allowed for victims to forgive perpetrators,

koja je dozvoljavala da žrtve oproste počiniocima,

enabling them to avoid jail time.

čime im je bilo omogućeno da izbegnu zatvor.

And she was told that she would be ostracized

Govorili su joj da će je proterati

and her family, her in-laws,

i da će celu porodicu njenog muža

they would all be shunned from the community,

izbegavati u zajednici,

because many felt that her father had been well within his right,

jer su mnogi smatrali da je njen otac postupio u skladu sa svojim pravom,

given her transgression.

s obzirom na njen prestup.

She fought on --

Nastavila je da se bori

for months.

mesecima.

But on the final day in court,

Ali poslednjeg dana u sudnici,

she gave a statement forgiving them.

dala je izjavu da im oprašta.

As filmmakers, we were devastated,

Kao filmska ekipa, bili smo razočarani,

because this was not the film that we had set out to make.

jer to nije bio film koji smo hteli da snimimo.

In hindsight, had she pressed charges, fought the case and won,

Kada se osvrnem unazad, da je ona podigla optužnicu, borila se i pobedila,

hers would have been an exception.

bila bi izuzetak.

When such a strong woman is silenced,

Kada je tako jaka žena ućutkana,

what chance did other women have?

kakve šanse imaju druge žene?

And we began to think about using our film

Počeli smo da razmišljamo o tome da upotrebimo film

to change the way people perceived honor killings,

kako bismo promenili način na koji ljudi gledaju na ubijanja zbog časti,

to impact the loophole in the law.

da bismo uticali na rupu u zakonu.

And then our film was nominated for an Academy Award,

Onda je naš film nominovan za Oskara,

and honor killings became headline news,

ubistva zbog časti su postala udarna vest,

and the prime minister, while sending his congratulations,

a premijer je, dok je upućivao čestitke,

offered to host the first screening of the film at his office.

ponudio da organizuje prvo prikazivanje filma u svojoj kancelariji.

Of course, we jumped at the chance,

Naravno, oberučke smo prihvatili priliku,

because no prime minister in the history of the country had ever done so.

jer nijedan premijer u istoriji ove države to nikada nije učinio.

And at the screening,

Tokom prikazivanja,

which was carried live on national television,

koje je bilo uživo na nacionalnoj televiziji,

he said something that reverberated throughout the country:

rekao je nešto što je odjeknulo širom zemlje.

"There is no honor in honor killings," he said.

„Nema časti u ubistvima iz časti,“ rekao je.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

At the Academy Awards in LA,

Na dodeli Oskara u Los Anđelesu,

many of the pundits had written us off,

mnogi analitičari su nas otpisali,

but we felt that in order for the legislative push to continue,

ali da bi se zakonska borba nastavila, smatrali smo da nam treba ta pobeda.

we needed that win.

And then, my name was announced,

A onda je saopšteno moje ime,

and I bounded up the steps in flip-flops, because I didn't expect to be onstage.

i skakutala sam uz stepenice u japankama, jer nisam očekivala da ću biti na sceni.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And I accepted the statue, telling a billion people watching

Primila sam statuu i rekla milijardi ljudi koji su gledali

that the prime minister of Pakistan had pledged to change the law,

da se premijer Pakistana obavezao da će promeniti zakon

because, of course, that's one way of holding the prime minister accountable.

jer, naravno, to je jedan od načina da premijer preuzme odgovornost.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And --

I -

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Back home, the Oscar win dominated headline news,

Kod kuće je pobeda na Oskaru dominirala naslovima u novinama

and more people joined the fray,

i još ljudi se pridružilo borbi,

asking for the loophole in the law to be closed.

tražeći da se zatvori rupa u zakonu.

And then in October 2016, after months of campaigning,

A onda, u oktobru 2016, posle višemesečne kampanje,

the loophole was indeed closed.

rupa je zaista zatvorena.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

And now men who kill women in the name of honor

Muškarci koji ubijaju žene u ime časti sada

receive life imprisonment.

dobijaju doživotnu zatvorsku kaznu.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Yet, the very next day,

Ipak, već sutradan,

a woman was killed in the name of honor,

žena je ubijena u ime časti,

and then another and another.

a zatim još jedna, pa još jedna.

We had impacted legislation,

Ostvarili smo uticaj na zakone,

but that wasn't enough.

ali to nije bilo dovoljno.

We needed to take the film and its message to the heartland,

Morali smo da odnesemo film i njegovu poruku u unutrašnjost,

to small towns and villages across the country.

u male gradove i sela širom zemlje.

You see, for me, cinema can play a very positive role

Vidite, smatram da bioskop može igrati vrlo pozitivnu ulogu

in changing and molding society in a positive direction.

u menjanju i oblikovanju društva u pozitivnom smeru.

But how would we get to these places?

Ali, kako doći do tih mesta?

How would we get to these small towns and villages?

Kako da dospemo do tih gradića i sela?

We built a mobile cinema,

Izgradili smo pokretni bioskop,

a truck that would roll through the length and breadth of the country,

kamion koji će se kotrljati uzduž i popreko zemlje

that would stop in small towns and villages.

i koji će se zaustavljati u manjim gradovima i selima.

We outfitted it with a large screen that would light up the night sky,

Opremili smo ga velikim ekranom koji bi noću osvetljavao nebo,

and we called it "Look But With Love."

a nazvali smo ga „Gledaj, ali s ljubavlju“.

It would give the community an opportunity to come together

To bi ljudima iz zajednice dalo priliku da se okupe

and watch films in the evening.

i da gledaju filmove uveče.

We knew we could attract men and children in the mobile cinema.

Znali smo da možemo da privučemo muškarce i decu u mobilni bioskop.

They would come out and watch.

Došli bi i gledali.

But what about women?

Ali šta je sa ženama?

In these small, rural communities that are segregated,

U ovim malim seoskim zajednicama koje su izdvojene,

how would we get women to come out?

kako da postignemo da se pojave žene?

We had to work with prevailing cultural norms in order to do so,

Morali smo da sarađujemo sa važećim kulturnim normama,

and so we built a cinema inside the cinema,

pa smo napravili bioskop unutar bioskopa,

outfitting it with seats and a screen where women could go inside and watch

opremivši ga sedištima i ekranom, tako da su žene mogle ući unutra i gledati

without fearing

bez straha

or being embarrassed

da će se osramotiti

or harassment.

ili da će ih neko uznemiravati.

We began to introduce everyone

Počeli smo da svima predstavljamo

to films that opened up their minds to competing worldviews,

filmove koji su im otvarali um za suprotstavljene poglede na svet

encouraging children to build critical thinking

i podsticali decu da izgrade kritičko mišljenje

so that they could ask questions.

tako da mogu da postavljaju pitanja.

And we expanded our scope beyond honor killings,

Proširili smo opseg izvan ubistava zbog časti,

talking about income inequality,

pa smo govorili o nejednakosti u prihodima,

the environment,

o životnoj sredini,

talking about ethnic relations, religious tolerance and compassion.

odnosima naroda, verskoj toleranciji i saosećanju.

And inside, for women,

A unutra smo ženama

we showed them films in which they were heroes, not victims,

prikazivali filmove u kojima su bile junaci, a ne žrtve,

and we told them how they could navigate the court system, the police system,

i rekli smo im kako mogu da se snalaze kroz sistem pravosuđa i policije,

educating them about their rights,

podučavali ih o njihovim pravima,

telling them where they could seek refuge

rekli im gde mogu potražiti utočište

if they were victims of domestic violence,

ako budu žrtve nasilja u porodici,

where they could go and get help.

gde mogu da odu i zatraže pomoć.

We were surprised that we were welcomed in so many of the places

Iznenadilo nas je što su nas lepo dočekali u toliko mnogo mesta

that we went to.

u koja smo odlazili.

Many of the towns had never seen television or social media,

Mnogi od tih gradova nikada nisu videli televiziju ili društvene mreže

and they were eager for their children to learn.

i imali su veliku želju da njihova deca uče.

But there was also pushback and blowback

Ali bilo je i negativnih reakcija

with the ideas that we were bringing with us.

zbog ideja koje smo donosili.

Two members of our mobile cinema team resigned

Dva člana ekipe mobilnog bioskopa podnela su ostavke

because of threats from villages.

zbog pretnji iz sela.

And in one of the villages that we were screening in,

U jednom od sela u kojima smo držali projekcije,

they shut it down

ukinuli su ih

and said they didn't want the women to know about their rights.

i rekli su da ne žele da žene znaju za svoja prava.

But on the flip side, in another village when a screening was shut down,

Ali sa druge strane, u drugom selu, kada je projekcija zatvorena,

a plainclothes policeman got up and ordered it back on,

policajac u civilu je ustao i naredio da je vrate,

and stood by, protecting our team,

i stao je u zaštitu našeg tima,

telling everyone that it was his duty to expose the young minds

rekavši svima da je njegova dužnost da izloži mlade umove

to an alternative worldview and to this content.

alternativnim pogledima na svet i ovom sadržaju.

He was an ordinary hero.

Bio je junak iz svakodnevnog života.

But we've come across so many of these heroes on our journey.

Ali naišli smo na mnogo takvih junaka na svom putovanju.

In another town, where the men said that only they could watch

U drugom gradu, gde su muškarci rekli da samo oni mogu da gledaju,

and the women had to stay home,

a žene moraju da ostanu kod kuće,

a community elder got up,

starac iz zajednice je ustao,

got a group of people together, had a discussion,

skupio grupu ljudi, poveo razgovor,

and then both men and women sat down to watch together.

i onda su muškarci i žene seli da gledaju zajedno.

We are documenting what we are doing.

Mi beležimo ono što radimo.

We talk to people.

Razgovaramo sa ljudima.

We adapt.

Prilagođavamo se.

We change the lineup of films.

Menjamo sastav filmova.

When we show men films

Kada muškarcima pokazujemo filmove

that show perpetrators of violence behind bars,

koji pokazuju počinioce nasilja iza rešetaka,

we want to hit home the fact that if men are violent,

pucamo na to da uvide da će, ako muškarci budu nasilni,

there will be repercussions.

uslediti posledice.

But we also show films where men are seen as championing women,

Ali takođe prikazujemo filmove u kojima su muškarci borci za žene,

because we want to encourage them to take on those roles.

jer želimo da ih podstaknemo da preuzmu te uloge.

For women, when we show them films in which they are heads of state

Sa ženama, kad im prikazujemo filmove u kojima su one vođe država

or where they are lawyers and doctors and in leadership positions,

ili gde su advokati, doktori ili na rukovodećim položajima,

we talk to them and encourage them to step into those roles.

razgovaramo i ohrabrujemo ih da zakorače u te uloge.

We are changing the way people in these villages interact,

Menjamo način na koji ljudi u ovim selima komuniciraju

and we're taking our learnings into other places.

i prenosimo svoja saznanja na druga mesta.

Recently, a group contacted us and wants to take our mobile cinema

Nedavno je sa nama kontaktirala grupa koja želi da dovede naš mobilni bioskop

to Bangladesh and Syria,

u Bangladeš i Siriju,

and we're sharing our learnings with them.

i mi delimo svoja saznanja sa njima.

We feel it's really important

Smatramo da je veoma važno

to take what we are doing and spread it across the world.

da ono što radimo širimo po celom svetu.

In small towns and villages across Pakistan,

U manjim gradovima i selima širom Pakistana,

men are changing the way they interact with women,

muškarci menjaju način na koji komuniciraju sa ženama,

children are changing the way they see the world,

deca menjaju način na koji vide svet,

one village at a time, through cinema.

jedno po jedno selo, kroz bioskop.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)