How film transforms the way we see the world | Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy

Prevoditelj: Ines Rad Recezent: Sanda L

I'm a storyteller,

Ja pričam priče,

but I'm also a troublemaker.

ali i podižem valove.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And I have a habit of asking difficult questions.

Imam naviku postavljanja teških pitanja.

It started when I was 10 years old,

Počelo je kad sam imala deset godina,

and my mother, who was raising six children, had no time for them.

a mama, odgajajući šestero djece, nije imala vremena za njih.

At 14, fed up with my increasingly annoying questions,

Kad su joj s mojih 14 dosadila moja sve češća pitanja,

she recommended that I begin writing for the local English-language newspaper

preporučila mi je da počnem pisati za lokalne engleske novine

in Pakistan,

u Pakistanu,

to put my questions out to the entire country, she said.

da mogu, kako je rekla, svoja pitanja postavljati čitavoj zemlji.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

At 17, I was an undercover investigative journalist.

Sa 17, tajno sam se bavila istraživačkim novinarstvom.

I don't even think my editor knew just how young I was

Mislim da ni moj urednik nije znao koliko sam godina imala

when I sent in a story that named and shamed

kad sam predala članak koji je prokazivao i osramotio

some very powerful people.

vrlo utjecajne pojedince.

The men I'd written about wanted to teach me a lesson.

Muškarci o kojima sam pisala htjeli su me naučiti lekciju.

They wanted to shame me and my family.

Željeli su osramotiti mene i moju obitelj.

They spray-painted my name and my family's name

Sprejevima su ispisali moje ime i naše prezime,

with unspeakable profanities across our front gate

zajedno s neizrecivim vulgarnostima preko naših ulaznih vrata

and around our neighborhood.

i po cijelom susjedstvu.

And they felt that my father, who was a strict man of tradition,

Pretpostavljali su da će me otac, koji se strogo držao tradicije,

would stop me.

spriječiti da nastavim.

Instead, my father stood in front of me and said,

Umjesto toga, otac je stao pred mene i rekao:

"If you speak the truth, I will stand with you,

"Ako govoriš istinu, stojim uz tebe,

and so will the world."

a stajat će i svijet."

And then he got --

Zatim je....

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

And then he got a group of people together and they whitewashed the walls.

Zatim je okupio ljude da prebojaju ispisane zidove.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

I've always wanted my stories to jolt people,

Oduvijek sam željela pričama uzdrmati ljude,

to shake them into having difficult conversations.

potaknuti ih da započnu teške razgovore.

And I felt that I would be more effective if I did something visual.

Činilo mi se da bih to lakše postigla vizualnim medijima.

And so at 21, I became a documentary filmmaker,

Tako sam, s 21 godinom, počela snimati dokumentarce,

turning my camera onto marginalized communities

usmjeravajući objektiv na marginalizirane zajednice

on the front lines in war zones,

na prvim crtama u ratom zahvaćenim zonama.

eventually returning home to Pakistan,

Konačno, vratila sam se u Pakistan

where I wanted to document violence against women.

sa željom da dokumentiram nasilje nad ženama.

Pakistan is home to 200 million people.

U Pakistanu živi 200 milijuna ljudi.

And with its low levels of literacy,

Zbog niske razine pismenosti,

film can change the way people perceive issues.

film može značajno promijeniti percepcije ljudi oko određenih pitanja.

An effective storyteller speaks to our emotions,

Uspješan pripovjedač apelira na naše emocije,

elicits empathy and compassion,

izaziva empatiju i suosjećanje,

and forces us to look at things differently.

tjera nas da drugačije gledamo na stvari.

In my country, film had the potential to go beyond cinema.

U mojoj zemlji, film ima potencijal biti više od zabave.

It could change lives.

Može mijenjati živote.

The issues that I've always wanted to raise --

A pitanja koja sam oduvijek željela postaviti,

I've always wanted to hold up a mirror to society --

natjerati društvo da pogleda u zrcalo,

they've been driven by my barometer of anger.

vođena su bijesom.

And my barometer of anger led me, in 2014, to honor killings.

A moj me osobni barometar bijesa 2014. usmjerio na ubojstva ih časti.

Honor killings take place in many parts of the world,

Ubojstva iz časti prisutna su u mnogim dijelovima svijeta

where men punish women who transgress rules made by them:

gdje muškarci kažnjavaju žene za kršenje pravila koja su oni postavili:

women who choose to marry on their own free will;

žene koje izaberu udati se za koga one žele

or women who are looking for a divorce;

ili žene koje zatraže rastavu

or women who are suspected of having illicit relationships.

ili žene optužene za neprimjerene odnose.

In the rest of the world, honor killings would be known as murder.

U ostatku svijeta ovakva su ubojstva zločini.

I always wanted to tell that story from the perspective of a survivor.

Oduvijek sam željela tu priču ispričati iz perspektive preživjele,

But women do not live to tell their tale

ali žene ne prežive da bi ispričale svoju priču,

and instead end up in unmarked graves.

već završe u bezimenim grobnicama.

So one morning when I was reading the newspaper,

Stoga, kad sam jednog jutra pročitala u novinama

and I read that a young woman had miraculously survived

kako je jedna djevojka čudom preživjela

after being shot in the face by her father and her uncle

nakon što su joj u lice pucali otac i stric,

because she chose to marry a man out of her free will,

jer se odlučila udati po svojoj volji,

I knew I had found my storyteller.

znala sam da sam pronašla svoju pripovjedačicu.

Saba was determined to send her father and her uncle to jail,

Saba je bila odlučna u namjeri da pošalje oca i strica u zatvor.

but in the days after leaving the hospital,

Međutim, nakon izlaska iz bolnice,

pressure mounted on her to forgive.

našla se pod pritiskom da im oprosti.

You see, there was a loophole in the law

Vidite, postojala je rupa u zakonu

that allowed for victims to forgive perpetrators,

koja je omogućavala žrtvama da oproste počinitelju

enabling them to avoid jail time.

i spase ga od odlaska u zatvor.

And she was told that she would be ostracized

Rečeno joj je da će biti odbačena,

and her family, her in-laws,

a njena će obitelj, rodbina,

they would all be shunned from the community,

biti izopćena iz zajednice

because many felt that her father had been well within his right,

jer mnogi su smatrali da je zbog njenih postupaka

given her transgression.

otac imao pravo to učiniti.

She fought on --

Borila se,

for months.

mjesecima,

But on the final day in court,

ali posljednjeg dana suđenja

she gave a statement forgiving them.

dala je iskaz u kojem im oprašta.

As filmmakers, we were devastated,

Bili smo razočarani, zbog našeg filma,

because this was not the film that we had set out to make.

jer to nije bilo film kojeg smo se nadali snimiti.

In hindsight, had she pressed charges, fought the case and won,

Zapravo, da je uspjela, prijavila ih, izborila se i dobila presudu,

hers would have been an exception.

njena bi priča bila iznimka.

When such a strong woman is silenced,

Ako su uspjeli utišati jednu tako snažnu ženu,

what chance did other women have?

kakve su šanse ostalima?

And we began to think about using our film

Počeli smo razmišljati kako da našim filmom

to change the way people perceived honor killings,

promijenimo percepciju ubojstva iz časti,

to impact the loophole in the law.

utječemo na uklanjanje rupe u zakonu.

And then our film was nominated for an Academy Award,

Zatim je naš film nominiran za Oscara,

and honor killings became headline news,

ubojstva iz časti ispunila su naslovnice,

and the prime minister, while sending his congratulations,

a premijer je, čestitajući nam,

offered to host the first screening of the film at his office.

ponudio održavanje premijere u njegovim uredima.

Of course, we jumped at the chance,

Naravno, objeručke smo prihvatili

because no prime minister in the history of the country had ever done so.

jer niti jedan premijer prije njega nije takvo što ponudio.

And at the screening,

A na prikazivanju,

which was carried live on national television,

koje je uživo prenosila nacionalna televizija,

he said something that reverberated throughout the country:

rekao je nešto što je odjeknulo u čitavoj zemlji.

"There is no honor in honor killings," he said.

Rekao je: "Nema ništa časno u ubojstvima iz časti".

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

At the Academy Awards in LA,

Na dodjeli Oscara u Los Angelesu

many of the pundits had written us off,

mnogi su nas stručnjaci otpisali,

but we felt that in order for the legislative push to continue,

ali mi smo znali da, ako želimo promijeniti zakon,

we needed that win.

trebamo tu pobjedu.

And then, my name was announced,

Zatim, prozvali su moje ime i potrčala sam stepenicama

and I bounded up the steps in flip-flops, because I didn't expect to be onstage.

u natikačama, jer nisam očekivala izlazak na pozornicu,

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And I accepted the statue, telling a billion people watching

gdje sam prihvatila nagradu i rekla milijardi ljudi koji su slušali

that the prime minister of Pakistan had pledged to change the law,

da se pakistanski premijer obvezao promijeniti zakon,

because, of course, that's one way of holding the prime minister accountable.

jedan od načina da osiguramo da će održati riječ.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And --

A...

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Back home, the Oscar win dominated headline news,

Kod kuće, dobitak Oscara preplavio je naslovnice

and more people joined the fray,

i ljudi su se priključivali našem zahtjevu

asking for the loophole in the law to be closed.

da se ispuni rupa u zakonu.

And then in October 2016, after months of campaigning,

Zatim, u listopadu 2016. nakon višemjesečne kampanje,

the loophole was indeed closed.

rupa je uklonjena.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

And now men who kill women in the name of honor

Sada, muškarac koji ubije ženu u ime časti

receive life imprisonment.

dobije doživotnu kaznu.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Yet, the very next day,

Ipak, samo dan nakon toga,

a woman was killed in the name of honor,

žena je ubijena u ime časti,

and then another and another.

zatim još jedna, i još jedna.

We had impacted legislation,

Promijenili smo zakon,

but that wasn't enough.

ali to nije bilo dovoljno.

We needed to take the film and its message to the heartland,

Trebalo je ponijeti film i njegovu poruku u srce zemlje,

to small towns and villages across the country.

u male gradove i sela.

You see, for me, cinema can play a very positive role

Po meni, film može imati značajnu ulogu

in changing and molding society in a positive direction.

u usmjeravanju društva u pozitivnom smjeru.

But how would we get to these places?

Ali kako da pristupimo tim mjestima?

How would we get to these small towns and villages?

Kako da dođemo do tih malih gradova i sela?

We built a mobile cinema,

Izgradili smo pokretno kino,

a truck that would roll through the length and breadth of the country,

kamion kojim možemo prijeći zemlju uzduž i poprijeko,

that would stop in small towns and villages.

zastajući u malim gradovima i selima.

We outfitted it with a large screen that would light up the night sky,

Opremili smo ga velikim platnom koje će osvijetliti noćno nebo

and we called it "Look But With Love."

i nazvali ga "Gledajte, ali s ljubavlju."

It would give the community an opportunity to come together

Na taj su se način zajednice mogle navečer okupiti

and watch films in the evening.

i zajedno gledati filmove.

We knew we could attract men and children in the mobile cinema.

Znali smo da ćemo bez problema privući muškarce i djecu.

They would come out and watch.

Oni će sigurno doći gledati.

But what about women?

Ali što je sa ženama?

In these small, rural communities that are segregated,

U takvim malim, segregiranim, ruralnim sredinama,

how would we get women to come out?

kako ćemo privući žene da izađu iz kuće?

We had to work with prevailing cultural norms in order to do so,

Morali smo raditi unutar okvira prevladavajućih kulturoloških normi

and so we built a cinema inside the cinema,

pa smo izgradili kino u kinu, opremivši unutrašnjost

outfitting it with seats and a screen where women could go inside and watch

kako bi žene mogle prisustvovati

without fearing

bez straha,

or being embarrassed

srama

or harassment.

ili uznemiravanja.

We began to introduce everyone

Prikazivali smo filmove

to films that opened up their minds to competing worldviews,

kojima smo im predstavljali različite poglede na svijet,

encouraging children to build critical thinking

potičući djecu na izgradnju kritičkog razmišljanja,

so that they could ask questions.

kako bi bili u stanju postavljati pitanja.

And we expanded our scope beyond honor killings,

Nismo se držali samo ubojstava iz časti,

talking about income inequality,

pripovijedali smo o ekonomskoj nejednakosti,

the environment,

okolišu,

talking about ethnic relations, religious tolerance and compassion.

etničkim odnosima, religijskoj toleranciji i suosjećanju.

And inside, for women,

Unutra, ženama,

we showed them films in which they were heroes, not victims,

prikazivali smo filmove u kojima su one junaci, ne žrtve,

and we told them how they could navigate the court system, the police system,

i upućivali ih kako iskoristiti sudski i policijski sustav,

educating them about their rights,

educirali ih o njihovim pravima,

telling them where they could seek refuge

upučivali ih gdje mogu potražiti zaštitu

if they were victims of domestic violence,

u slučaju da su žrtve obiteljskog nasilja,

where they could go and get help.

gdje mogu otići i zatražiti pomoć.

We were surprised that we were welcomed in so many of the places

Iznenadilo nas je da smo primljeni

u tolikim mjestima koja smo posjetili.

that we went to.

Many of the towns had never seen television or social media,

Mnogima je to bio prvi doticaj s televizijom i društvenim mrežama

and they were eager for their children to learn.

i rado su prihvatili tu priliku da njihova djeca nauče.

But there was also pushback and blowback

Ali bilo je i odbijanja i sukoba

with the ideas that we were bringing with us.

zbog ideja koje smo prenosili.

Two members of our mobile cinema team resigned

Dva člana našeg pokretnog tima odustala su

because of threats from villages.

zbog prijetnji seljana.

And in one of the villages that we were screening in,

U jednom su selu

they shut it down

prekinuli prikazivanje

and said they didn't want the women to know about their rights.

jer nisu željeli da njihove žene znaju svoja prava.

But on the flip side, in another village when a screening was shut down,

S druge strane, u drugom selu, nakon što je prikazivanje prekinuto,

a plainclothes policeman got up and ordered it back on,

ustao je policajac u civilu i naredio nastavak prikazivanja

and stood by, protecting our team,

te ostao stajati štiteći naš tim,

telling everyone that it was his duty to expose the young minds

govoreći svima da je njegova dužnost izložiti djecu

to an alternative worldview and to this content.

ovim sadržajima i alternativnim pogledima na svijet.

He was an ordinary hero.

Običan čovjek postao je junak.

But we've come across so many of these heroes on our journey.

Na našem smo putovanju naišli na toliki broj njemu sličnih junaka.

In another town, where the men said that only they could watch

U drugom gradu gdje su muškarci odlučili

and the women had to stay home,

da žene moraju ostati kod kuće,

a community elder got up,

starješina je ustao,

got a group of people together, had a discussion,

okupio grupu ljudi, održao raspravu,

and then both men and women sat down to watch together.

nakon čega su i muškarci i žene sjeli gledati zajedno.

We are documenting what we are doing.

Dokumentiramo sve što činimo.

We talk to people.

Razgovaramo s ljudima.

We adapt.

Prilagođavamo se.

We change the lineup of films.

Mijenjamo postavu filmova.

When we show men films

Kada muškarcima prikazujemo filmove

that show perpetrators of violence behind bars,

s nasilnicima iza rešetaka,

we want to hit home the fact that if men are violent,

želimo prenijeti poruku da, ako je muškarac nasilan,

there will be repercussions.

trpjet će posljedice.

But we also show films where men are seen as championing women,

Također, prikazujemo i filmove s muškarcima koji se bore za žene,

because we want to encourage them to take on those roles.

jer ih želimo potaknuti da preuzmu takve uloge.

For women, when we show them films in which they are heads of state

Kada ženama prikazujemo filmove s predsjednicama,

or where they are lawyers and doctors and in leadership positions,

odvjetnicama, liječnicama i ženama na drugim vodećim pozicijama,

we talk to them and encourage them to step into those roles.

razgovaramo s njima i potičemo ih da preuzmu te uloge.

We are changing the way people in these villages interact,

Mijenjamo međuodnose u tim selima

and we're taking our learnings into other places.

i naša saznanja prenosimo dalje.

Recently, a group contacted us and wants to take our mobile cinema

Nedavno, kontaktirala nas je skupina koja želi naše prijenosno kino

to Bangladesh and Syria,

prenijeti u Bangladeš i Siriju

and we're sharing our learnings with them.

pa dijelimo naša saznanja s njima.

We feel it's really important

Smatramo da je od velike važnosti

to take what we are doing and spread it across the world.

proširiti naš rad po čitavom svijetu.

In small towns and villages across Pakistan,

U malim gradovima i selima uzduž Pakistana

men are changing the way they interact with women,

muškarci mijenjaju način na koji se odnose prema ženama,

children are changing the way they see the world,

djeca mijenjaju svoje poglede na svijet,

one village at a time, through cinema.

selo po selo, gledajući filmove.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)