How film transforms the way we see the world | Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Yanyan Hong

I'm a storyteller,

我是個說故事的人，

but I'm also a troublemaker.

我也是個製造麻煩的人。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And I have a habit of asking difficult questions.

我有一個習慣， 就是去問很難回答的問題。

It started when I was 10 years old,

可以追溯到我十歲的時候，

and my mother, who was raising six children, had no time for them.

我母親要養育六個孩子， 時間完全不夠用。

At 14, fed up with my increasingly annoying questions,

我十四歲時有了 越來越多惱人的問題，

she recommended that I begin writing for the local English-language newspaper

她建議我開始為巴基斯坦

當地的英文報紙寫文章。

in Pakistan,

to put my questions out to the entire country, she said.

她說，把我的問題登出來給全國看。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

At 17, I was an undercover investigative journalist.

十七歲時，我成了 一名臥底的調查記者。

I don't even think my editor knew just how young I was

我想我的編輯可能 根本不知道我多年輕，

when I sent in a story that named and shamed

那時我就呈交了一篇故事，

點名揭發了一些非常有權力的人。

some very powerful people.

The men I'd written about wanted to teach me a lesson.

被我點名的人想要給我一點教訓。

They wanted to shame me and my family.

他們想要讓我和我的家人蒙羞。

They spray-painted my name and my family's name

他們用非常褻瀆的字眼，

將我的名字及我家人的名字 噴漆在了我們家的前門上，

with unspeakable profanities across our front gate

and around our neighborhood.

以及我們的鄰坊。

And they felt that my father, who was a strict man of tradition,

他們認為，我那位傳統又嚴厲的父親

would stop me.

會阻止我。

Instead, my father stood in front of me and said,

結果卻相反，我父親 站在我前面，說：

"If you speak the truth, I will stand with you,

「如果你說的是真相，我會挺你，

and so will the world."

全世界都會挺你。」

And then he got --

接著，他——

(Applause)

（掌聲）

And then he got a group of people together and they whitewashed the walls.

他招攬了一群人， 一起粉刷那些牆壁。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

I've always wanted my stories to jolt people,

我一直都希望 我的故事能喚醒人們，

to shake them into having difficult conversations.

促使他們進行對困難議題的談話。

And I felt that I would be more effective if I did something visual.

我覺得如果成效要更好， 就得做更看得見的事。

And so at 21, I became a documentary filmmaker,

所以，二十一歲時， 我成了紀錄片導演，

turning my camera onto marginalized communities

把我的攝影機對準被邊緣化的社區，

on the front lines in war zones,

對準戰區前線。

eventually returning home to Pakistan,

最終我返回家鄉巴基斯坦，

where I wanted to document violence against women.

在那裡，我想要記錄的是 對女性的暴力。

Pakistan is home to 200 million people.

有兩億人住在巴基斯坦。

And with its low levels of literacy,

國民的識字率並不高，

film can change the way people perceive issues.

因此，電影能夠改變 大家對於議題的感受。

An effective storyteller speaks to our emotions,

說故事很有效果的人， 會說到我們心坎裡，

elicits empathy and compassion,

引發我們的同理心和同情心，

and forces us to look at things differently.

迫使我們用不同的方式去看事物。

In my country, film had the potential to go beyond cinema.

在我國，電影的潛力超出電影院。

It could change lives.

它可以改變生活。

The issues that I've always wanted to raise --

我一直都想要提起的議題——

I've always wanted to hold up a mirror to society --

我一直都想要拿一面鏡子 用它來反映社會——

they've been driven by my barometer of anger.

它們一直都被我的 憤怒氣壓計給驅使。

And my barometer of anger led me, in 2014, to honor killings.

2014 年，我的憤怒氣壓計 引領我轉向榮譽殺人的行為。

Honor killings take place in many parts of the world,

榮譽殺人的行為發生在 世界上的許多地方，

where men punish women who transgress rules made by them:

男性定下規則並懲罰 違反那些規則的女性：

women who choose to marry on their own free will;

選擇根據自己的意願結婚的女性，

or women who are looking for a divorce;

要求離婚的女性，

or women who are suspected of having illicit relationships.

或者被懷疑有不當關係的女性。

In the rest of the world, honor killings would be known as murder.

在世界上的其他地方， 榮譽殺人會被視為是謀殺。

I always wanted to tell that story from the perspective of a survivor.

我一直都想要從 生還者的角度來說故事。

But women do not live to tell their tale

但女性卻沒辦法活著 說出她們的故事，

and instead end up in unmarked graves.

她們的下場是淪落到 沒有標記的墓地。

So one morning when I was reading the newspaper,

一天早上，我在看報紙時 讀到一篇報導，

and I read that a young woman had miraculously survived

一名年輕女子奇蹟生還，

after being shot in the face by her father and her uncle

她被父親和叔叔朝臉部開槍，

because she chose to marry a man out of her free will,

原因是她要嫁給自己選擇的人，

I knew I had found my storyteller.

我知道我找到了我要的說故事者。

Saba was determined to send her father and her uncle to jail,

莎巴決心要送 她的父親和叔叔進大牢，

but in the days after leaving the hospital,

但在出院幾日後，

pressure mounted on her to forgive.

她受到很大的壓力 要她原諒那些人。

You see, there was a loophole in the law

要知道，法律有個漏洞，

that allowed for victims to forgive perpetrators,

法律允許受害者原諒行兇者，

enabling them to avoid jail time.

這樣行兇者就不用坐牢。

And she was told that she would be ostracized

她被告知，她會被流放，

and her family, her in-laws,

還有她的家人、她的姻親，

they would all be shunned from the community,

他們會被社區排擠，

because many felt that her father had been well within his right,

因為許多人覺得 她的父親應當有權利

given her transgression.

懲罰她的罪過。

She fought on --

她繼續奮鬥——

for months.

持續了數個月。

But on the final day in court,

但在法庭的最後一天，

she gave a statement forgiving them.

她交出了原諒他們的聲明書。

As filmmakers, we were devastated,

身為電影製作人，我們很沮喪，

because this was not the film that we had set out to make.

因為這並非我們最初打算拍的片子。

In hindsight, had she pressed charges, fought the case and won,

後見之明：如果她有提出控告， 為這個案件奮鬥且贏了，

hers would have been an exception.

她的個案就會是個例外。

When such a strong woman is silenced,

當這麼堅強的女子都被迫沉默了，

what chance did other women have?

其他女性還有什麼機會？

And we began to think about using our film

我們開始思考，用我們的電影

to change the way people perceived honor killings,

來改變大家對於榮譽殺人的感受，

to impact the loophole in the law.

去影響法律的漏洞。

And then our film was nominated for an Academy Award,

接著，我們的電影 被提名奧斯卡金項獎，

and honor killings became headline news,

榮譽殺人就這麼變成了頭條新聞，

and the prime minister, while sending his congratulations,

而首相除了表示恭賀之意以外，

offered to host the first screening of the film at his office.

也提議要在他的辦公室 主持該電影的首映。

Of course, we jumped at the chance,

當然，我們欣然抓住了這個機會，

because no prime minister in the history of the country had ever done so.

因為在這個國家的歷史上， 沒有任何首相做過這種事。

And at the screening,

首映會在全國電視台上直播，

which was carried live on national television,

he said something that reverberated throughout the country:

他在首映會上說的話在全國迴響，

"There is no honor in honor killings," he said.

他說：「榮譽殺人 一點榮譽也沒有。」

(Applause)

（掌聲）

At the Academy Awards in LA,

在洛杉磯的奧斯卡頒獎典禮上，

many of the pundits had written us off,

許多權威人士看不上我們，

but we felt that in order for the legislative push to continue,

但我們覺得，如果要持續推動立法，

we needed that win.

我們必須要贏。

And then, my name was announced,

接著，我的名字被唸出來，

and I bounded up the steps in flip-flops, because I didn't expect to be onstage.

我穿著人字拖就跳上了臺階， 因為我沒有預期能夠上台。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And I accepted the statue, telling a billion people watching

我接下了小金人， 告訴在看轉播的十億觀眾，

that the prime minister of Pakistan had pledged to change the law,

巴基斯坦的首相 已經保證會改變法律，

because, of course, that's one way of holding the prime minister accountable.

當然，當眾說出來是確保 首相不會反悔的方式之一。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And --

而且——

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Back home, the Oscar win dominated headline news,

在祖國，頭條新聞滿是 贏得奧斯卡的消息，

and more people joined the fray,

更多人加入了活動，

asking for the loophole in the law to be closed.

要求修補法律的漏洞。

And then in October 2016, after months of campaigning,

接著，在 2016 年 10 月， 活動後的數個月，

the loophole was indeed closed.

那個漏洞真的被補好了。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

And now men who kill women in the name of honor

現在，男性若以 榮譽殺人之名殺害女性，

receive life imprisonment.

會被判終生監禁。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Yet, the very next day,

但，就在隔天，

a woman was killed in the name of honor,

就有人以榮譽殺人之名 殺害了一名女子，

and then another and another.

接著，又一個，又一個。

We had impacted legislation,

我們影響了立法，

but that wasn't enough.

但那並不足夠。

We needed to take the film and its message to the heartland,

我們需要把這部電影 和它的訊息帶到心臟地區，

to small towns and villages across the country.

帶到全國各地的小鎮和村落。

You see, for me, cinema can play a very positive role

對我來說，電影可以 扮演非常正面的角色，

in changing and molding society in a positive direction.

來改變、塑造社會， 朝向正面的方向前進。

But how would we get to these places?

但我們要如何觸及那些地方？

How would we get to these small towns and villages?

我們要如何觸及這些小鎮和村落？

We built a mobile cinema,

我們打造了一間行動電影院，

a truck that would roll through the length and breadth of the country,

它是一台卡車，會在全國走透透，

that would stop in small towns and villages.

並在小鎮和村落停下來。

We outfitted it with a large screen that would light up the night sky,

我們為它裝設的配備包括 一個大到可以點亮夜空的銀幕，

and we called it "Look But With Love."

我們稱它為「帶著愛去看」。

It would give the community an opportunity to come together

這麼一來，社區 就有機會聚集起來，

and watch films in the evening.

晚上一起看電影。

We knew we could attract men and children in the mobile cinema.

我們知道我們能夠吸引 男性和孩子進入行動電影院。

They would come out and watch.

他們會走出家門來看電影。

But what about women?

但女性呢？

In these small, rural communities that are segregated,

在這些被隔離的鄉村小型社區中，

how would we get women to come out?

我們要如何讓女性走出家門？

We had to work with prevailing cultural norms in order to do so,

我們得要透過主流的 文化規範來做到這件事，

and so we built a cinema inside the cinema,

所以我們在電影院中 建了一間電影院，

outfitting it with seats and a screen where women could go inside and watch

裡面裝設有座椅和銀幕， 女性可以進入這間電影院看電影，

without fearing

不用害怕什麼，

or being embarrassed

不會被羞辱，

or harassment.

或騷擾。

We began to introduce everyone

我們開始向大家介紹，

to films that opened up their minds to competing worldviews,

一些能讓他們敞開心 接受不同世界觀的電影，

encouraging children to build critical thinking

鼓勵孩子建立批判性的思維，

so that they could ask questions.

這樣他們才會問問題。

And we expanded our scope beyond honor killings,

我們把我們的規模 擴大到榮譽殺人之外，

talking about income inequality,

去談論收入不平等、

the environment,

環境，

talking about ethnic relations, religious tolerance and compassion.

去談論人種關係、 宗教包容，以及同情心。

And inside, for women,

在裡面，針對女性，

we showed them films in which they were heroes, not victims,

在我們放的電影中， 女性是英雄而非受害者，

and we told them how they could navigate the court system, the police system,

我們告訴她們，她們可以 如何引導法庭體制、警察體制，

educating them about their rights,

讓她們知道自己的權利，

telling them where they could seek refuge

告訴她們可以在何處尋求庇護，

if they were victims of domestic violence,

如果她們成為家暴受害者時，

where they could go and get help.

可以去哪裡求助。

We were surprised that we were welcomed in so many of the places

我們很意外，我們去的很多地方

都相當歡迎我們。

that we went to.

Many of the towns had never seen television or social media,

有許多小鎮從來沒有 見過電視或社交媒體，

and they were eager for their children to learn.

他們很迫切希望 他們的孩子能夠學習。

But there was also pushback and blowback

但也有些負面反應和後座力，

with the ideas that we were bringing with us.

抗拒我們帶去的想法。

Two members of our mobile cinema team resigned

我們的行動電影院團隊 有兩位成員辭職，

because of threats from villages.

因為受到來自村落的威脅。

And in one of the villages that we were screening in,

我們去到一個村落進行放映，

they shut it down

他們逼我們關閉，

and said they didn't want the women to know about their rights.

說他們不希望女性 知道她們的權利。

But on the flip side, in another village when a screening was shut down,

但，另一方面，在另一個村落裡， 當我們被迫停止放映，

a plainclothes policeman got up and ordered it back on,

有一位便衣警察站起來， 要求繼續放映，

and stood by, protecting our team,

且支持、保護我們的團隊，

telling everyone that it was his duty to expose the young minds

告訴大家，他的職責 是要讓年輕人可以

to an alternative worldview and to this content.

接觸到不同的世界觀及這些內容。

He was an ordinary hero.

他是位平凡的英雄。

But we've come across so many of these heroes on our journey.

但，我們在旅程上遇到了 好多這類的英雄。

In another town, where the men said that only they could watch

在另一個小鎮，男性說， 只有他們能看電影，

and the women had to stay home,

女性必須要待在家，

a community elder got up,

這個小鎮有位長者站出來，

got a group of people together, had a discussion,

聚集了一群人，進行討論，

and then both men and women sat down to watch together.

接著，男性和女性便可以 坐在一起看電影。

We are documenting what we are doing.

我們將我們所做的事記錄下來。

We talk to people.

我們和人們交談。

We adapt.

我們因地制宜。

We change the lineup of films.

我們改變了片單。

When we show men films

給男性看時，

我們會放關於暴力行兇者入獄的電影。

that show perpetrators of violence behind bars,

we want to hit home the fact that if men are violent,

我們希望傳達的訊息是， 如果男性太暴力，

there will be repercussions.

是會有反彈後果的。

But we also show films where men are seen as championing women,

但我們也會放些男性 陪伴女性的電影給男性看，

because we want to encourage them to take on those roles.

因為我們想要鼓勵男性 去扮演那樣的角色。

For women, when we show them films in which they are heads of state

至於女性，我們會放關於 女性國家領導人的電影，

or where they are lawyers and doctors and in leadership positions,

或是女性律師、醫生， 及其他領導職位，

we talk to them and encourage them to step into those roles.

我們會和她們交談， 鼓勵她們扮演這些角色。

We are changing the way people in these villages interact,

我們在改變這些 村落中的人如何互動，

and we're taking our learnings into other places.

我們也在把我們的學習 帶到其他地方。

Recently, a group contacted us and wants to take our mobile cinema

最近，有一個團體聯絡我們， 想要把我們的行動電影院

to Bangladesh and Syria,

帶到孟加拉和敘利亞，

and we're sharing our learnings with them.

讓我們可以將這些學習與他們分享。

We feel it's really important

我們認為將我們所做的事

to take what we are doing and spread it across the world.

推廣到全世界是很重要的。

In small towns and villages across Pakistan,

在巴基斯坦的小鎮和村落中，

men are changing the way they interact with women,

男性在改變和女性互動的方式，

children are changing the way they see the world,

孩子在改變他們看世界的方式，

one village at a time, through cinema.

透過電影院，一次改變一個村落。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）