How film transforms the way we see the world | Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy

Translator: Alifiyah A'yunin Reviewer: Andi Tenri Wahyuni

I'm a storyteller,

Saya seorang pendongeng,

but I'm also a troublemaker.

tapi saya juga pembuat masalah.

(Laughter)

(Tertawa)

And I have a habit of asking difficult questions.

Dan saya punya kebiasaan menanyakan hal-hal yang sulit.

It started when I was 10 years old,

Kebiasaan itu berawal ketika usia saya 10 tahun,

and my mother, who was raising six children, had no time for them.

dan ibu saya dengan 6 orang anak, tak ada waktu untuk itu.

At 14, fed up with my increasingly annoying questions,

Di usia 14, saat pertanyaan saya semakin mengganggu,

she recommended that I begin writing for the local English-language newspaper

beliau menyuruh saya menuliskannya di koran lokal berbahasa Inggris

in Pakistan,

di Pakistan.

to put my questions out to the entire country, she said.

agar tersebar ke penjuru negara, katanya.

(Laughter)

(Tertawa)

At 17, I was an undercover investigative journalist.

Saat usia 17, saya bekerja sebagai jurnalis investigasi.

I don't even think my editor knew just how young I was

Saya rasa bahkan penyunting saya pun tidak tahu betapa mudanya saya

when I sent in a story that named and shamed

saat saya mengirim kisah yang menyebut dan mempermalukan

some very powerful people.

beberapa orang yang berkuasa.

The men I'd written about wanted to teach me a lesson.

Orang-orang yang pernah saya tulis ingin memberi saya pelajaran.

They wanted to shame me and my family.

Mereka ingin mempermalukan saya dan keluarga saya.

They spray-painted my name and my family's name

Mereka menyemprotkan nama saya dan keluarga saya

with unspeakable profanities across our front gate

dengan kata-kata tidak pantas di gerbang depan

and around our neighborhood.

dan sekitar lingkungan kami.

And they felt that my father, who was a strict man of tradition,

Mereka pikir ayah saya yang sangat taat pada tradisi,

would stop me.

akan menghentikan saya.

Instead, my father stood in front of me and said,

Tapi ayah saya justru berdiri di hadapan saya dan berkata,

"If you speak the truth, I will stand with you,

"Jika kamu mengatakan kebenaran, aku akan mendukungmu,

and so will the world."

dan begitu juga dunia."

And then he got --

Lalu beliau --

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

And then he got a group of people together and they whitewashed the walls.

Lalu beliau memanggil orang-orang untuk membersihkan temboknya.

(Laughter)

(Tertawa)

I've always wanted my stories to jolt people,

Saya selalu ingin mengejutkan orang melalui cerita-cerita saya,

to shake them into having difficult conversations.

untuk membuat mereka terlibat dalam obrolan yang rumit.

And I felt that I would be more effective if I did something visual.

Dan saya rasa akan lebih efektif jika dilakukan secara visual.

And so at 21, I became a documentary filmmaker,

Maka pada usia 21 tahun, saya menjadi pembuat film dokumenter,

turning my camera onto marginalized communities

menghadapkan kamera saya pada komunitas-komunitas terpinggirkan

on the front lines in war zones,

di baris depan zona perang,

eventually returning home to Pakistan,

yang akhirnya kembali ke Pakistan,

where I wanted to document violence against women.

di mana saya ingin mendokumentasi kekerasan terhadap wanita.

Pakistan is home to 200 million people.

Pakistan menjadi rumah bagi 200 juta orang.

And with its low levels of literacy,

Dan dengan rendahnya tingkat literasi,

film can change the way people perceive issues.

film dapat mengubah cara orang memandang suatu permasalahan.

An effective storyteller speaks to our emotions,

Seorang pendongeng efektif berbicara dengan emosi,

elicits empathy and compassion,

memunculkan empati dan kasih sayang,

and forces us to look at things differently.

dan memaksa kita untuk memandang sesuatu dengan berbeda.

In my country, film had the potential to go beyond cinema.

Di negara saya, film berpotensi melampaui bioskop.

It could change lives.

Film dapat mengubah hidup.

The issues that I've always wanted to raise --

Isu-isu yang ingin selalu saya angkat --

I've always wanted to hold up a mirror to society --

Yang selalu ingin saya tunjukkan pada masyarakat --

they've been driven by my barometer of anger.

yang didorong oleh barometer kemarahan saya.

And my barometer of anger led me, in 2014, to honor killings.

Hal ini yang menuntun saya, di 2014, terhadap pembunuhan demi kehormatan.

Honor killings take place in many parts of the world,

Pembunuhan demi kehormatan terjadi di berbagai belahan dunia,

where men punish women who transgress rules made by them:

di mana pria menghukum wanita yang melanggar aturan yang mereka buat:

women who choose to marry on their own free will;

wanita yang memilih menikah atas kehendak sendiri;

or women who are looking for a divorce;

atau wanita yang ingin bercerai;

or women who are suspected of having illicit relationships.

atau wanita yang diduga berselingkuh.

In the rest of the world, honor killings would be known as murder.

Di tempat lain, pembunuhan demi kehormatan dianggap sebagai pembunuhan.

I always wanted to tell that story from the perspective of a survivor.

Saya sangat ingin membagikan kisah itu dari sudut pandang seorang penyintas.

But women do not live to tell their tale

Tetapi wanita tidak mampu membagikan kisah mereka

and instead end up in unmarked graves.

dan justru berakhir menyedihkan.

So one morning when I was reading the newspaper,

Maka suatu pagi ketika saya sedang membaca koran,

and I read that a young woman had miraculously survived

dan saya membaca tentang seorang gadis yang secara mengejutkan selamat

after being shot in the face by her father and her uncle

setelah wajahnya ditembak oleh ayah dan pamannya

because she chose to marry a man out of her free will,

karena ia memilih untuk menikahi pria yang diinginkannya,

I knew I had found my storyteller.

saya sadar saya telah menemukan pembawa kisah saya.

Saba was determined to send her father and her uncle to jail,

Saba bertekad untuk memasukkan ayah dan pamannya ke dalam penjara,

but in the days after leaving the hospital,

tetapi setelah ia keluar dari rumah sakit,

pressure mounted on her to forgive.

berbagai tekanan muncul agar ia mau memaafkan.

You see, there was a loophole in the law

Anda tahu, terdapat celah dalam hukum tersebut

that allowed for victims to forgive perpetrators,

yang memperbolehkan korban untuk memaafkan pelaku,

enabling them to avoid jail time.

sehingga pelaku dapat menghindari hukuman penjara.

And she was told that she would be ostracized

Dan ia diberi tahu bahwa ia akan dikucilkan

and her family, her in-laws,

dan keluarganya, sanak saudaranya,

they would all be shunned from the community,

mereka semua akan dijauhi oleh masyarakat,

because many felt that her father had been well within his right,

karena banyak dari mereka yang merasa jika sang ayah pantas melakukannya,

given her transgression.

karena ia bersalah.

She fought on --

Dia terus berjuang --

for months.

selama berbulan-bulan.

But on the final day in court,

Namun di hari terakhir persidangan,

she gave a statement forgiving them.

dia menyatakan untuk memaafkan mereka.

As filmmakers, we were devastated,

Sebagai pembuat film, kami merasa hancur,

because this was not the film that we had set out to make.

karena ini bukan film yang ingin kami buat sejak awal.

In hindsight, had she pressed charges, fought the case and won,

Padahal jika ia tetap menuntut, memperjuangkan kasusnya dan menang,

hers would have been an exception.

kisahnya akan berbeda.

When such a strong woman is silenced,

Ketika perempuan kuat pun dibungkam,

what chance did other women have?

bagaimana nasib para wanita lainnya?

And we began to think about using our film

Dan kami berpikir untuk memanfaatkan film

to change the way people perceived honor killings,

yang mengubah cara pandang atas pembunuhan demi kehormatan,

to impact the loophole in the law.

untuk menutup celah di dalam hukum ini.

And then our film was nominated for an Academy Award,

Lalu film kami masuk nominasi dalam ajang Academy Awards,

and honor killings became headline news,

dan pembunuhan demi kehormatan menjadi sorotan,

and the prime minister, while sending his congratulations,

dan Perdana Menteri, saat memberikan selamat,

offered to host the first screening of the film at his office.

menawarkan agar kantornya menjadi tempat pemutaran film perdana.

Of course, we jumped at the chance,

Tentu kami mengambil kesempatan ini,

because no prime minister in the history of the country had ever done so.

karena belum pernah ada Perdana Menteri yang melakukannya.

And at the screening,

Dan saat pemutaran film,

which was carried live on national television,

yang disiarkan langsung di TV nasional,

he said something that reverberated throughout the country:

beliau mengatakan hal yang menggema ke seluruh penjuru negeri

"There is no honor in honor killings," he said.

"Tidak ada kehormatan dalam pembunuhan demi kehormatan," katanya.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

At the Academy Awards in LA,

Pada Academy Award di LA,

many of the pundits had written us off,

banyak para cendekiawan mengabaikan kita,

but we felt that in order for the legislative push to continue,

tapi kami merasa dorongan legislatif harus terus berlanjut,

we needed that win.

jadi kami butuh kemenangan itu.

And then, my name was announced,

Kemudian, nama saya disebut,

and I bounded up the steps in flip-flops, because I didn't expect to be onstage.

naik hanya dengan memakai sandal jepit tidak menyangka akan terpilih.

(Laughter)

(Tertawa)

And I accepted the statue, telling a billion people watching

Kemudian saya menerima piala itu, menunjukkan pada masyarakat

that the prime minister of Pakistan had pledged to change the law,

bahwa Perdana Menteri Pakistan telah berjanji mengubah hukum,

because, of course, that's one way of holding the prime minister accountable.

karena itu salah satu cara meminta pertanggungjawaban darinya.

(Laughter)

(Tertawa)

And --

Dan --

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

Back home, the Oscar win dominated headline news,

Setelah itu, kemenangan Oscar kami mendominasi berita utama,

and more people joined the fray,

dan banyak orang bergabung,

asking for the loophole in the law to be closed.

meminta celah dalam hukum untuk ditutup.

And then in October 2016, after months of campaigning,

Kemudian pada Oktober 2016, setelah berbulan-bulan berkampanye,

the loophole was indeed closed.

celah tersebut akhirnya ditutup.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

And now men who kill women in the name of honor

Dan sekarang pria yang membunuh wanita demi kehormatan

receive life imprisonment.

dipenjarakan seumur hidup.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

Yet, the very next day,

Tapi, keesokannya,

a woman was killed in the name of honor,

seorang wanita dibunuh atas dasar kehormatan,

and then another and another.

lalu terjadi berkali-kali.

We had impacted legislation,

Kami telah mengubah undang-undang,

but that wasn't enough.

namun nyatanya tidak cukup.

We needed to take the film and its message to the heartland,

Kami harus membuat film dan pesannya merasuk jiwa,

to small towns and villages across the country.

ke kota dan desa terpencil di penjuru negara.

You see, for me, cinema can play a very positive role

Menurut saya, sinema dapat memainkan peran positif

in changing and molding society in a positive direction.

dalam mengubah dan membentuk masyarakat ke arah yang baik.

But how would we get to these places?

Tapi bagaimana caranya untuk sampai ke sana?

How would we get to these small towns and villages?

Bagaimana mencapai kota dan desa kecil ini?

We built a mobile cinema,

Kami membuat bioskop berjalan,

a truck that would roll through the length and breadth of the country,

sebuah truk yang menyusuri setiap jengkal negara,

that would stop in small towns and villages.

yang berhenti di kota dan desa kecil.

We outfitted it with a large screen that would light up the night sky,

Truknya dilengkapi layar besar yang menyinari gelap malam,

and we called it "Look But With Love."

dan kami menyebutnya "Pandang dengan Cinta."

It would give the community an opportunity to come together

Hal ini dapat memberikan kesempatan bagi komunitas untuk berkumpul

and watch films in the evening.

dan menonton film di malam hari.

We knew we could attract men and children in the mobile cinema.

Kami sadar, bioskop berjalan ini memikat orang dewasa dan anak-anak.

They would come out and watch.

Mereka akan keluar untuk menonton.

But what about women?

Tapi bagaimana dengan wanita?

In these small, rural communities that are segregated,

Dalam masyarakat pedesaan terpencil, yang mana mereka seperti dikurung,

how would we get women to come out?

bagaimana kami membuat mereka keluar?

We had to work with prevailing cultural norms in order to do so,

Untuk melakukannya kami harus menyatu dengan norma yang berlaku,

and so we built a cinema inside the cinema,

sehingga kami membuat bioskop dalam bioskop,

outfitting it with seats and a screen where women could go inside and watch

melengkapinya dengan kursi dan layar di mana wanita dapat masuk untuk menonton

without fearing

tanpa ada rasa takut

or being embarrassed

atau dipermalukan

or harassment.

ataupun diganggu.

We began to introduce everyone

Kami mulai memperkenalkan masyarakat

to films that opened up their minds to competing worldviews,

pada film dan membuka pandangan mereka terhadap dunia,

encouraging children to build critical thinking

mendorong anak-anak berpikir kritis

so that they could ask questions.

sehingga mereka mengajukan pertanyaan,

And we expanded our scope beyond honor killings,

dan kami memperluas jangkauannya di luar pembunuhan demi kehormatan,

talking about income inequality,

berbicara tentang ketimpangan pendapatan,

the environment,

lingkungan,

talking about ethnic relations, religious tolerance and compassion.

berbicara tentang hubungan etnis, toleransi beragama, dan kasih sayang.

And inside, for women,

Dan khusus untuk wanita,

we showed them films in which they were heroes, not victims,

kami menampilkan film-film wanita sebagai pahlawan bukan korban,

and we told them how they could navigate the court system, the police system,

dan kami mengajarkan bagaimana melewati sistem pengadilan dan kepolisian,

educating them about their rights,

mengedukasi tentang hak-hak mereka,

telling them where they could seek refuge

mengajarkan bagaimana mencari perlindungan

if they were victims of domestic violence,

jika mereka korban kekerasan rumah tangga,

where they could go and get help.

ke mana mereka pergi mencari bantuan.

We were surprised that we were welcomed in so many of the places

Kami terkejut hal ini bisa diterima di banyak tempat

that we went to.

yang kami datangi.

Many of the towns had never seen television or social media,

Banyak dari kota-kota itu yang tidak pernah melihat TV atau media sosial,

and they were eager for their children to learn.

dan mereka ingin anak-anak mereka bisa belajar.

But there was also pushback and blowback

Tetapi ada juga tekanan dan penolakan

with the ideas that we were bringing with us.

terhadap ide-ide yang kami bawa.

Two members of our mobile cinema team resigned

Dua anggota tim bioskop berjalan kami mengundurkan diri

because of threats from villages.

karena ancaman dari desa-desa.

And in one of the villages that we were screening in,

Dan di salah satu desa tempat kami memutarkan film,

they shut it down

mereka justru menutupnya

and said they didn't want the women to know about their rights.

karena tidak mau wanita mengenal hak-hak mereka.

But on the flip side, in another village when a screening was shut down,

Tapi di sisi lain, ketika sebuah acara pemutaran film ditutup di desa lain,

a plainclothes policeman got up and ordered it back on,

seorang polisi tanpa seragam datang dan menyuruh melanjutkan filmnya,

and stood by, protecting our team,

mendukung dan menjaga tim kami,

telling everyone that it was his duty to expose the young minds

dengan mengatakan bahwa itu tugasnya untuk membuka pandangan orang awam

to an alternative worldview and to this content.

terhadap sudut pandang lain mengenai masalah ini.

He was an ordinary hero.

Dia seperti pahlawan biasa.

But we've come across so many of these heroes on our journey.

Tapi kami menemukan banyak pahlawan seperti ini dalam perjalanan kami.

In another town, where the men said that only they could watch

DI kota lain, ketika dikatakan hanya pria saja yang boleh menonton

and the women had to stay home,

dan wanita tetap di rumah,

a community elder got up,

tetua masyarakat angkat bicara,

got a group of people together, had a discussion,

dengan mengumpulkan orang-orang untuk berdiskusi,

and then both men and women sat down to watch together.

sehingga pria dan wanita dapat menonton bersama.

We are documenting what we are doing.

Kami mendokumentasikan apa yang sedang kami lakukan.

We talk to people.

Kami mengobrol dengan masyarakat.

We adapt.

Kami beradaptasi.

We change the lineup of films.

Kami mengubah susunan filmnya.

When we show men films

Ketika kami menayangkan film pada para pria

that show perpetrators of violence behind bars,

yang menampilkan tersangka kekerasan di dalam penjara,

we want to hit home the fact that if men are violent,

kami ingin menunjukkan fakta jika pria berbuat kekerasan,

there will be repercussions.

akan ada ganjarannya.

But we also show films where men are seen as championing women,

Tapi kita juga menayangkan film di mana pria memperjuangkan wanita

because we want to encourage them to take on those roles.

agar mereka terdorong untuk turut mengambil peran itu.

For women, when we show them films in which they are heads of state

Untuk wanita, saat kami menayangkan film tentang kepala negara wanita

or where they are lawyers and doctors and in leadership positions,

atau ketika wanita menjadi pengacara, dokter, dan diposisikan sebagai pemimpin,

we talk to them and encourage them to step into those roles.

kami berbicara dan mendorong mereka untuk memasuki peran tersebut.

We are changing the way people in these villages interact,

Kami sedang mengubah cara masyarakat di desa-desa ini berinteraksi,

and we're taking our learnings into other places.

dan kami membawa pelajaran ini ke tempat lain.

Recently, a group contacted us and wants to take our mobile cinema

Baru-baru ini, sebuah kelompok ingin kami membawa bioskop berjalan ini

to Bangladesh and Syria,

ke Bangladesh dan Suriah,

and we're sharing our learnings with them.

dan kami membagikan pengetahuan ini pada mereka.

We feel it's really important

Kami merasa sangatlah penting

to take what we are doing and spread it across the world.

untuk menyebarkan apa yang kami lakukan ini pada dunia.

In small towns and villages across Pakistan,

Di kota-kota kecil dan pedesaan di Pakistan,

men are changing the way they interact with women,

pria sedang mengubah cara berinteraksi mereka dengan wanita,

children are changing the way they see the world,

anak-anak sedang mengubah cara pandang mereka terhadap dunia,

one village at a time, through cinema.

satu per satu desa, melalui sinema.

Thank you.

Terima kasih.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)