Andreas Raptopoulos: No roads? There's a drone for that

Prevodilac: Eva Marjanovic Lektor: Mile Živković

One billion people in the world today

Milijarda ljudi u današnjem svetu

do not have access to all-season roads.

nema pristup celogodišnjim putevima.

One billion people.

Jedna milijarda.

One seventh of the Earth's population

Sedmina svetske populacije

are totally cut off for some part of the year.

je totalno odsečena u nekom delu godine.

We cannot get medicine to them reliably,

Ne možemo im pouzdano dostaviti lekove,

they cannot get critical supplies,

ne mogu da nabave važne zalihe,

and they cannot get their goods to market

niti da iznesu svoju robu na tržište

in order to create a sustainable income.

kako bi obezbedili održive prihode.

In sub-Saharan Africa, for instance,

U subsaharskoj Africi, na primer,

85 percent of roads are unusable in the wet season.

85 procenata puteva je neupotrebljivo tokom kišne sezone.

Investments are being made,

Ulaganja ima,

but at the current level,

ali prema trenutnoj brzini,

it's estimated it's going to take them

procenjeno je da će im trebati

50 years to catch up.

50 godina da nas sustignu.

In the U.S. alone, there's more than four million

Samo u Americi, ima više od četiri miliona

miles of roads, very expensive to build,

kilometara puteva, veoma skupih za izgradnju,

very expensive to maintain infrastructure,

veoma skupih za održavanje,

with a huge ecological footprint,

sa velikim ekološkim posledicama,

and yet, very often, congested.

pa ipak, veoma često, zagušenim.

So we saw this and we thought,

Zato smo razmišljali postoji li

can there be a better way?

bolje rešenje?

Can we create a system using today's most advanced technologies

Možemo li da napravimo sistem koristeći najnaprednije tehnologije

that can allow this part of the world to leapfrog

koji će omogućiti ovom delu sveta da odskoči

in the same way they've done with mobile telephones

kao što su to uspeli sa mobilnim telefonima

in the last 10 years?

u poslednjih 10 godina?

Many of those nations have excellent telecommunications today

Mnoge od tih nacija danas imaju odlične telekomunikacije

without ever putting copper lines in the ground.

bez postavljanja bilo kakvih kablova u zemlju.

Could we do the same for transportation?

Možemo li učiniti isto i sa transportom?

Imagine this scenario.

Zamislite ovakav scenario.

Imagine you are in a maternity ward in Mali,

Nalazite se u porodilištu u Maliju,

and have a newborn in need of urgent medication.

i imate novorođenče kome hitno trebaju lekovi.

What would you do today?

Šta biste danas preduzeli?

Well, you would place a request via mobile phone,

Pa, poslali biste zahtev mobilnim telefonom

and someone would get the request immediately.

a neko bi istog trenutka primio zahtev.

That's the part that works.

Taj deo štima.

The medication may take days to arrive, though,

Ali lekovima treba nekoliko dana da stignu

because of bad roads.

zbog loših puteva.

That's the part that's broken.

Taj deo priče ne valja.

We believe we can deliver it within hours

Mi bismo ga isporučili u roku od nekoliko sati

with an electric autonomous flying vehicle

pomoću bespilotne električne letelice

such as this.

kao što je ova.

This can transport a small payload today, about two kilograms,

Trenutno može da prenese mali teret, oko dva kilograma,

over a short distance, about 10 kilometers,

na malu razdaljinu, oko 10 kilometara,

but it's part of a wider network that may cover

ali je deo šire mreže koja može da pokrije

the entire country, maybe even the entire continent.

čitavu jednu državu, a možda i kontinent.

It's an ultra-flexible, automated logistics network.

To je izuzetno fleksibilna, automatizovana logistička mreža.

It's a network for a transportation of matter.

To je mreža za transport stvari.

We call it Matternet.

Zovemo je ,,Matternet''.

We use three key technologies.

Koristimo tri ključne tehnologije.

The first is electric autonomous flying vehicles.

Prva je bespilotna električna letelica.

The second is automated ground stations

Druga je automatizovana stanica na zemlji

that the vehicles fly in and out of

koju bi letelica koristila kao međustanicu

to swap batteries and fly farther,

za zamenu baterija i dalji let,

or pick up or deliver loads.

ili za podizanje i dostavu paketa.

And the third is the operating system

Treća je operativni sistem

that manages the whole network.

koji upravlja celom mrežom.

Let's look at each one of those technologies in a bit more detail.

Pogledajmo svaku od ovih tehnologija malo detaljnije.

First of all, the UAVs.

Prvo, letelice.

Eventually, we're going to be using all sorts of vehicles

Vremenom, koristićemo širok spektar vozila

for different payload capacities and different ranges.

za različite terete i distance.

Today, we're using small quads.

Trenutno koristimo male kvadkoptere.

These are able to transport two kilograms

Oni mogu da prenesu dva kilograma

over 10 kilometers in just about 15 minutes.

na udaljenost od 10 km za samo 15ak minuta.

Compare this with trying to trespass a bad road

Uporedite ovo sa prelaskom preko loših puteva

in the developing world,

u zemljama u razvoju,

or even being stuck in traffic

ili situacijom kad se zaglavite u saobraćaju

in a developed world country.

u razvijenoj zemlji.

These fly autonomously.

Ove mašine lete samostalno.

This is the key to the technology.

To je suština tehnologije.

So they use GPS and other sensors on board

Dakle koriste GPS i druge senzore

to navigate between ground stations.

za navigaciju između stanica.

Every vehicle is equipped with an automatic

Svako vozilo je opremljeno

payload and battery exchange mechanism,

mehanizmom za automatsku zamenu tereta i baterije,

so these vehicles navigate to those ground stations,

tako da ova vozila lete do stanica,

they dock, swap a battery automatically,

prikače se, automatski zamene bateriju,

and go out again.

i potom idu dalje.

The ground stations are located on safe locations

Stanice su postavljene na sigurnim lokacijama

on the ground.

na zemlji.

They secure the most vulnerable part of the mission,

One su tu za najosetljiviji deo misije,

which is the landing.

a to je sletanje.

They are at known locations on the ground,

Nalaze se na tačno određenim lokacijama na zemlji,

so the paths between them are also known,

te su i putanje među njima poznate,

which is very important from a reliability perspective

što je veoma važno sa aspekta pouzdanosti

from the whole network.

cele mreže.

Apart from fulfilling the energy requirements of the vehicles,

Osim što vozila snabdevaju neophodnom energijom,

eventually they're going to be becoming

vremenom će postati

commercial hubs where people can take out loads

komercijalni čvorovi odakle ljudi mogu podići

or put loads into the network.

ili poslati pakete.

The last component is the operating system

Poslednja komponenta je operativni sistem

that manages the whole network.

koji upravlja celom mrežom.

It monitors weather data from all the ground stations

On prima podatke o vremenskim prilikama sa svih stanica

and optimizes the routes of the vehicles through the system

i optimizuje putanju vozila u sistemu

to avoid adverse weather conditions,

izbegavajući nepovoljne vremenske prilike,

avoid other risk factors,

i ostale faktore rizika,

and optimize the use of the resources

i optimizuje opterećenje

throughout the network.

mreže.

I want to show you what one of those flights

Pokazaću vam kako jedan takav let

looks like.

izgleda.

Here we are flying in Haiti last summer,

Ovo je let u Haitiju od lani,

where we've done our first field trials.

na kome smo uradili prvu terensku probu.

We're modeling here a medical delivery

Ovde modelujemo medicinsku isporuku

in a camp we set up after the 2010 earthquake.

u kampu koji smo podigli nakon zemljotresa 2010.

People there love this.

Ljudi su tamo oduševljeni.

And I want to show you

Pokazaću vam

what one of those vehicles looks like up close.

kako u stvarnosti izgleda jedno ovakvo vozilo.

So this is a $3,000 vehicle.

Ovo vozilo vredi 3000 dolara.

Costs are coming down very rapidly.

Troškovi se velikom brzinom smanjuju.

We use this in all sorts of weather conditions,

Koristimo ga u svim vremenskim uslovima,

very hot and very cold climates,

i u vrelim i u veoma hladnim klimama,

very strong winds. They're very sturdy vehicles.

sa veoma jakim vetrovima. Izuzetno je otporno.

Imagine if your life depended on this package,

Zamislite da vaš život zavisi od ovog paketa,

somewhere in Africa

i da ste negde u Africi

or in New York City, after Sandy.

ili u Njujorku, nakon Sendi.

The next big question is, what's the cost?

Sledeće važno pitanje jeste koliko košta?

Well, it turns out that the cost to transport

Pa, ispostavlja se da je trošak isporuke

two kilograms over 10 kilometers with this vehicle

dva kilograma na 10 kilometara ovim vozilom

is just 24 cents.

samo 24 centa.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

And it's counterintuitive, but the cost of energy

Zvuči kontraintuitivno, ali cena energije

expended for the flight is only two cents

koja se utroši na let je samo dva centa

of a dollar today,

današnjeg dolara,

and we're just at the beginning of this.

a tek smo počeli.

When we saw this, we felt that this is something

Kada smo ovo shvatili, videli smo značaj

that can have significant impact in the world.

koji bi ovo moglo da ima za svet.

So we said, okay, how much does it cost

Tako da smo se zapitali, dobro, koliko košta

to set up a network somewhere in the world?

da se ovakva mreža uspostavi negde u svetu?

And we looked at setting up a network in Lesotho

I hteli smo da podignemo mrežu u Lesotu

for transportation of HIV/AIDS samples.

za transport uzoraka HIV/AIDS-a.

The problem there is how do you take them

Tamo je problem bio kako da ih prenesete

from clinics where they're being collected

od klinike gde se sakupljaju

to hospitals where they're being analyzed?

do bolnica gde se daju na analizu?

And we said, what if we wanted to cover an area

Dakle, šta ako bismo hteli da pokrijemo oblast

spanning around 140 square kilometers?

koja se prostire na 140 kvadratnih kilometara?

That's roughly one and a half times the size of Manhattan.

To je površine reda veličine jednog i po Menhetna.

Well it turns out that the cost to do that there

Ispostavlja se da bi koštalo

would be less than a million dollars.

manje od milion dolara.

Compare this to normal infrastructure investments.

Uporedite ovo sa uobičajenim ulaganjima u infrastrukturu.

We think this can be -- this is the power

Mi mislimo da u ovome leži moć

of a new paradigm.

nove paradigme.

So here we are: a new idea

Dakle, nova ideja

about a network for transportation

o transportnoj mreži

that is based on the ideas of the Internet.

koja se bazira na ideji Interneta.

It's decentralized, it's peer-to-peer,

Decentralizovana je, bez posrednika,

it's bidirectional, highly adaptable,

dvosmerna, lako prilagodljiva,

with very low infrastructure investment,

sa veoma malim infrastrukturnim ulaganjima,

very low ecological footprint.

veoma malim posledicama po okolinu.

If it is a new paradigm, though,

Ako je to nova paradigma, međutim,

there must be other uses for it.

mora da postoji još neka primena.

It can be used perhaps in other places in the world.

Možda bi mogla da se koristi i drugde u svetu.

So let's look at the other end of the spectrum:

Pogledajmo drugi kraj spektra:

our cities and megacities.

naše gradove i megalopolise.

Half of the Earth's population lives in cities today.

Polovina zemaljske kugle danas živi u gradovima.

Half a billion of us live in megacities.

Pola milijarde živi u megalopolisima.

We are living through an amazing urbanization trend.

Živimo u neverovatnom urbanizacijskom trendu.

China alone is adding a megacity

Samo u Kini nikne jedan megalopolis

the size of New York City every two years.

veličine Njujorka na svake dve godine.

These are places that do have road infrastructure,

Ovi gradovi imaju putnu infrastrukturu,

but it's very inefficient.

ali je veoma neefikasna.

Congestion is a huge problem.

Zastoji su ogroman problem.

So we think it makes sense in those places

Tako da mislimo da ima smisla osnovati

to set up a network of transportation

u tim mestima transportnu mrežu

that is a new layer that sits between the road

koja predstavlja novu instancu pored puta

and the Internet,

i Interneta,

initially for lightweight, urgent stuff,

primarno za lagane, hitne pošiljke,

and over time, we would hope to develop this

a vremenom će se, nadamo se, razviti

into a new mode of transportation

u novi vid transporta

that is truly a modern solution to a very old problem.

koji je moderno rešenje prastarog problema.

It's ultimately scalable

Krajnje je nadogradiva,

with a very small ecological footprint,

sa izuzetno malim posledicama po okolinu,

operating in the background 24/7,

radi neprestano,

just like the Internet.

kao i Internet.

So when we started this

Kada smo započeli ovaj projekat

a couple of years ago now,

pre par godina,

we've had a lot of people come up to us who said,

ljudi su nam često govorili:

"This is a very interesting but crazy idea,

,,Ovo je veoma zanimljiva ali luda ideja,

and certainly not something that you should

i sigurno ne nešto čime bi trebalo

engage with anytime soon."

da se bavite u skorije vreme.''

And of course, we're talking about drones, right,

Naravno, pričamo o dronovima, dakle,

a technology that's not only unpopular in the West

o tehnologiji koja je ne samo nepopularna na zapadu

but one that has become a very, very unpleasant

već i koja je postala veoma neprijatna

fact of life for many living in poor countries,

životna činjenica za mnoge koji žive u siromašnim zemljama,

especially those engaged in conflict.

posebno onima koje su u sukobu.

So why are we doing this?

A zašto mi sve ovo radimo?

Well, we chose to do this one

Pa, odlučili smo da radimo ovo

not because it's easy,

ne zato što je lako,

but because it can have amazing impact.

nego zato što može biti od neverovatnog značaja.

Imagine one billion people being connected

Zamislite jednu milijardu ljudi povezanu

to physical goods in the same way

sa fizičkim dobrima na isti način

that mobile telecommunications connected them

na koji ih je mobilna telekomunikacija povezala

to information.

sa informacijom.

Imagine if the next big network we built in the world

Zamislite kada bi sledeća velika mreža koja bi bila izgrađena u svetu

was a network for the transportation of matter.

bila mreža za transport materije.

In the developing world, we would hope

U zemljama u razvoju, nadamo se

to reach millions of people with better vaccines,

da će milioni ljudi doći do boljih vakcina,

reach them with better medication.

do boljih lekova.

It would give us an unfair advantage against battling

Stekli bismo ogromnu prednost u borbi sa

HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and other epidemics.

HIV/AIDS-om, tuberkulozom i drugim epidemijama.

Over time, we would hope it would become

Vremenom, nadamo se da će postati

a new platform for economic transactions,

nova platforma za ekonomske transakcije,

lifting millions of people out of poverty.

koja će izvući milione ljudi iz siromaštva.

In the developed world and the emerging world,

U razvijenom svetu i u svetu u razvoju,

we would hope it would become a new mode

voleli bismo da postane novi vid

of transportation that could help make our cities

transporta koji bi pomogao da naši gradovi

more livable.

budu bolji za život.

So for those that still believe that this is science fiction,

Za one koji i dalje veruju da je ovo naučna fantastika,

I firmly say to you that it is not.

tvrdim vam da nije.

We do need to engage, though,

Međutim, moramo da se uključimo

in social fiction to make it happen.

u društvenu fantastiku da bismo to ostvarili.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)