Andreas Raptopoulos: No roads? There's a drone for that

155,667 views ใƒป 2013-11-21

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Boaz Hovav ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:13
One billion people in the world today
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ื›ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
00:15
do not have access to all-season roads.
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ืœืœื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืคืชื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”.
00:17
One billion people.
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ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื™ืฉ.
00:19
One seventh of the Earth's population
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ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื
00:21
are totally cut off for some part of the year.
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ืžื ื•ืชืงื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฉื ื”.
00:25
We cannot get medicine to them reliably,
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ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกืคืง ืœื”ื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฆื™ืฃ ื•ืืžื™ืŸ,
00:27
they cannot get critical supplies,
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ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกืคืง ืœื”ื ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื“ื—ื•ืคื™ื,
00:29
and they cannot get their goods to market
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ื•ื”ื ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืœืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื
00:31
in order to create a sustainable income.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื”.
00:35
In sub-Saharan Africa, for instance,
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ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืกืื‘-ืกื”ืจื” ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
00:37
85 percent of roads are unusable in the wet season.
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85 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื ื—ืกืžื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื’ืฉื•ืžื”.
00:41
Investments are being made,
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ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขืช ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
00:43
but at the current level,
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ืื•ืœื ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™,
00:45
it's estimated it's going to take them
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ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืงื— ืœื”ื
00:46
50 years to catch up.
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50 ืฉื ื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืคืชื— ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืžืœืื”.
00:49
In the U.S. alone, there's more than four million
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ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ืœื‘ื“ื” ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 6 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืง"ืž
00:52
miles of roads, very expensive to build,
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ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื, ืฉื ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืขืฆื•ืžื”,
00:55
very expensive to maintain infrastructure,
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ื•ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืื—ื–ืงื” ืฉืœื”ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื“,
00:58
with a huge ecological footprint,
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ืขื ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืจืกื ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช,
01:00
and yet, very often, congested.
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ื•ื’ื ื”ื, ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืคืงื•ืงื™ื.
01:04
So we saw this and we thought,
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ื›ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื—ืฉื‘ื ื•,
01:06
can there be a better way?
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ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ?
01:08
Can we create a system using today's most advanced technologies
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ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ืžืชื‘ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช
01:11
that can allow this part of the world to leapfrog
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ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื ื•ืชืงื™ื ืœื–ื ืง ืงื“ื™ืžื”
01:14
in the same way they've done with mobile telephones
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ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื™ื ื•ืง ืฉื”ื ื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ืขื ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
01:17
in the last 10 years?
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ื‘- 10 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช?
01:19
Many of those nations have excellent telecommunications today
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ื‘ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžืขื•ืœื”
01:22
without ever putting copper lines in the ground.
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ืœืœื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืงื•ื•ื™ ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืื“ืžื”.
01:25
Could we do the same for transportation?
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ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”?
01:28
Imagine this scenario.
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ื:
01:30
Imagine you are in a maternity ward in Mali,
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืืชื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ื™ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืืœื™, (ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ืืคืจื™ืงื”)
01:33
and have a newborn in need of urgent medication.
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ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืœื•ื“ื™ื ื ื–ืงืง ืœืชืจื•ืคื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™.
01:37
What would you do today?
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ืžื” ืชืขืฉื• ื›ื™ื•ื?
01:39
Well, you would place a request via mobile phone,
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ื›ื™ื•ื ืืชื ืชื–ืžื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™,
01:41
and someone would get the request immediately.
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ื•ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™.
01:44
That's the part that works.
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื–ื” ืžืชืคืงื“ ื˜ื•ื‘.
01:46
The medication may take days to arrive, though,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืชืจื•ืคื” ื™ื™ืงื— ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื›ื,
01:48
because of bad roads.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช.
01:50
That's the part that's broken.
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ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืชืงื•ืข.
01:52
We believe we can deliver it within hours
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืกืคืง ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ืชื•ืš ืฉืขื•ืช
01:54
with an electric autonomous flying vehicle
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœื™ ื˜ื™ืก ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืื•ื™ื™ืฉื™ื
01:57
such as this.
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ื›ืžื• ื–ื” ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื”.
01:58
This can transport a small payload today, about two kilograms,
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ื›ืœื™ ื˜ื™ืก ื›ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืก ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืฉืื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ืฉืžืฉืงืœื ื›ืฉื ื™ ืงื™ืœื•ื’ืจื,
02:01
over a short distance, about 10 kilometers,
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ืœืžืจื—ืง ืงืฆืจ, ืฉืœ ื›- 10 ืง"ืž,
02:04
but it's part of a wider network that may cover
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชืคืงื“ ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืจืฉืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื›ืกื•ืช
02:06
the entire country, maybe even the entire continent.
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ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœืžื”, ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืฉืœืžื”.
02:10
It's an ultra-flexible, automated logistics network.
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื’ืžื™ืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™.
02:15
It's a network for a transportation of matter.
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ืจืฉืช ืฉื™ื ื•ืข ืฉืœ ื—ืคืฆื™ื (ืžึธื˜ึตืจ).
02:17
We call it Matternet.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื” ืžึทื˜ึทืจื ึทื˜.
02:19
We use three key technologies.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื‘ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ 3 ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื:
02:21
The first is electric autonomous flying vehicles.
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ื˜ื™ืก ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืื•ื™ืฉื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื.
02:23
The second is automated ground stations
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ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช
02:26
that the vehicles fly in and out of
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ืฉืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื’ื•ืจ ื•ืงืœื™ื˜ืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืก
02:28
to swap batteries and fly farther,
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ื•ืœื”ื—ืœืคืช ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ืจืš,
02:30
or pick up or deliver loads.
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ื•ืœืžืกื™ืจืช ื•ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืžึดื˜ืขื ื™ื.
02:32
And the third is the operating system
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ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคืขืœื”
02:34
that manages the whole network.
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ืฉืžื ื”ืœืช ืืช ื”ืจืฉืช.
02:37
Let's look at each one of those technologies in a bit more detail.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื.
02:40
First of all, the UAVs.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื›ืœื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืก (UAV).
02:42
Eventually, we're going to be using all sorts of vehicles
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ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ืจืš, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ื˜ื™ืก
02:44
for different payload capacities and different ranges.
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ืฉื™ื•ืชืืžื• ืœืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื•ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ื˜ื™ืกื”.
02:47
Today, we're using small quads.
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืกื•ืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืขื 4 ืžื“ื—ืคื™ื.
02:49
These are able to transport two kilograms
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ื”ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืฉืืช ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœ ื›- 2 ืง"ื’
02:51
over 10 kilometers in just about 15 minutes.
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ืœืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ 10 ืง"ืž, ืชื•ืš ื›- 15 ื“ืงื•ืช.
02:54
Compare this with trying to trespass a bad road
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ืชื ืกื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื•ืงื— ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื’ืจื•ืขื•ืช
02:57
in the developing world,
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™,
02:58
or even being stuck in traffic
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืคืงืงื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”
03:00
in a developed world country.
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘.
03:02
These fly autonomously.
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ื”ื ื˜ืกื™ื ืœื‘ื“.
03:04
This is the key to the technology.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช.
03:06
So they use GPS and other sensors on board
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ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘- GPS ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืชืงื ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื
03:08
to navigate between ground stations.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืงืจืงืข.
03:12
Every vehicle is equipped with an automatic
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ืœื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ื˜ื™ืก ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช
03:14
payload and battery exchange mechanism,
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ื”ืžืขืžื™ืกื” ื•ืคื•ืจืงืช ืžึดื˜ืขื ื™ื, ื•ืžื—ืœื™ืคื” ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช,
03:17
so these vehicles navigate to those ground stations,
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืก ืžื ื•ื•ื˜ ืœืชื—ื ืช ืงืจืงืข,
03:20
they dock, swap a battery automatically,
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ื ื•ื—ืช ื‘ืจืฆื™ืฃ ื”ืžืชืื™ื, ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ืกื•ืœืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™,
03:22
and go out again.
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ื•ืžืžืจื™ื ืœื“ืจื›ื•.
03:23
The ground stations are located on safe locations
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ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืžืžื•ืงืžื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื
03:26
on the ground.
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ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข.
03:28
They secure the most vulnerable part of the mission,
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ื”ื ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœื—ืœืง ื”ืคื’ื™ืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื”,
03:30
which is the landing.
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ื”ื ื—ื™ืชื”.
03:31
They are at known locations on the ground,
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ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœื”ื ืงื‘ื•ืข,
03:34
so the paths between them are also known,
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ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช,
03:36
which is very important from a reliability perspective
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ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืืžื™ื ื•ืช
03:38
from the whole network.
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช.
03:40
Apart from fulfilling the energy requirements of the vehicles,
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ืคืจื˜ ืœื”ื—ืœืคืช ื”ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช,
03:43
eventually they're going to be becoming
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ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ื™ืฉืžืฉื• ื‘ืขืชื™ื“
03:45
commercial hubs where people can take out loads
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ื›ืžืกื•ืคื™ ืžืกื—ืจ ื‘ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืกืคื™ื ืžื˜ืขื ื™ื
03:48
or put loads into the network.
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ืื• ืžื•ืกืจื™ื ืžื˜ืขื ื™ื ืœืจืฉืช.
03:51
The last component is the operating system
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ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืคืขืœื”
03:53
that manages the whole network.
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ืฉืžื ื”ืœืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช.
03:55
It monitors weather data from all the ground stations
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ื”ื™ื ืžื ื˜ืจืช ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืงืจืงืข
03:58
and optimizes the routes of the vehicles through the system
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ื•ืžื ื”ืœืช ืืช ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื›ืœื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืก ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช
04:01
to avoid adverse weather conditions,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืชื ืื™ ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื™ืจ ืงืฉื™ื,
04:04
avoid other risk factors,
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ื•ืžื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ื,
04:06
and optimize the use of the resources
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืขืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื
04:07
throughout the network.
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ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืจืฉืช.
04:09
I want to show you what one of those flights
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืื™ืš ื ืจืื™ืช
04:11
looks like.
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ื˜ื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ื˜ื™ืก ืฉืœื ื•.
04:13
Here we are flying in Haiti last summer,
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ื›ืืŸ ืื ื• ื˜ืกื™ื ืžืขืœ ื”ืื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ืฉืขื‘ืจ,
04:17
where we've done our first field trials.
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ืฉื ื‘ื™ืฆืขื ื• ืืช ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืฉื“ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•.
04:19
We're modeling here a medical delivery
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ืžื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืจืคื•ืื™
04:21
in a camp we set up after the 2010 earthquake.
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ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ืงื ืื—ืจื™ ืจืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2010.
04:26
People there love this.
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ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืชื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืก ืฉืœื ื•.
04:28
And I want to show you
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ื•ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื
04:31
what one of those vehicles looks like up close.
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ืื™ืš ื ืจืื” ื›ืœื™ ื˜ื™ืก ื›ื–ื” ืžืงืจื•ื‘.
04:36
So this is a $3,000 vehicle.
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ื›ืš ื ืจืื” ื›ืœื™ ื˜ื™ืก ืฉืขื•ืœื” $3,000.
04:38
Costs are coming down very rapidly.
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ื•ืžื—ื™ืจื• ื™ื•ืจื“ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžื”ื™ืจ.
04:42
We use this in all sorts of weather conditions,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื ืื™ ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื™ืจ,
04:45
very hot and very cold climates,
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ื‘ืืงืœื™ื ื—ื ืžืื“ ื•ืงืจ ืžืื“,
04:46
very strong winds. They're very sturdy vehicles.
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ื‘ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ืžืื“.
04:53
Imagine if your life depended on this package,
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ืชืืจื• ืœื›ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื›ื ื”ื™ื• ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื•,
04:57
somewhere in Africa
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ืื™ ืฉื ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”
04:58
or in New York City, after Sandy.
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ืื• ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง, ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ืงืŸ ืกื ื“ื™.
05:02
The next big question is, what's the cost?
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื”ื™ื - ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื”?
05:06
Well, it turns out that the cost to transport
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ืข ืฉืœ
05:09
two kilograms over 10 kilometers with this vehicle
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2 ืง"ื’ ืœืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ 10 ืง"ืž ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืก ื”ื–ื”
05:13
is just 24 cents.
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ื”ื™ื 24 ืกื ื˜.
05:17
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
05:22
And it's counterintuitive, but the cost of energy
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ืฉืžืข ืœื›ื ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™, ืื‘ืœ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
05:25
expended for the flight is only two cents
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืกื” ื”ื™ื ืจืง 2 ืกื ื˜
05:27
of a dollar today,
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื•ืฃ 2013,
05:28
and we're just at the beginning of this.
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ื•ืจืง ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜!
05:30
When we saw this, we felt that this is something
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ื›ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช, ื”ืจื’ืฉื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
05:33
that can have significant impact in the world.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
05:36
So we said, okay, how much does it cost
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ืื– ืฉืืœื ื•, ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืื– ื›ืžื” ื™ืขืœื”
05:38
to set up a network somewhere in the world?
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ืœื”ืงื™ื ืจืฉืช ื›ื–ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื?
05:40
And we looked at setting up a network in Lesotho
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ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ืจืฉืช ื›ืœื™ ื˜ื™ืก ื‘ืœืกื•ื˜ื•
05:42
for transportation of HIV/AIDS samples.
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ืœื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช ื“ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช HIV \ ืื™ื™ื“ืก.
05:45
The problem there is how do you take them
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ืื™ืš ืœืฉื ืข ืืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช
05:48
from clinics where they're being collected
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ืžื”ืžืจืคืื•ืช ืฉืื•ืกืคื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ
05:50
to hospitals where they're being analyzed?
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ืืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื?
05:53
And we said, what if we wanted to cover an area
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื ื•, ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืฉื˜ื—
05:55
spanning around 140 square kilometers?
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ืฉืœ ื›- 140 ืง"ืž ืžืจื•ื‘ืข?
05:58
That's roughly one and a half times the size of Manhattan.
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ื‘ืขืจืš ืคื™ ืื—ื“ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืžื’ื•ื“ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ.
06:01
Well it turns out that the cost to do that there
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ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช
06:03
would be less than a million dollars.
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ืชื”ื™ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
06:06
Compare this to normal infrastructure investments.
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ืชืฉื•ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื.
06:10
We think this can be -- this is the power
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ืฆืข -- ื–ื”ื• ื”ื›ื•ื—
06:13
of a new paradigm.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”.
06:15
So here we are: a new idea
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ืื– ื›ืืŸ ืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื: ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™
06:18
about a network for transportation
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ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืจืฉืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”
06:20
that is based on the ideas of the Internet.
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ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืžื•ื™ื™ ืจืฉืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
06:22
It's decentralized, it's peer-to-peer,
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจืฉืช ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืžื™ืชื™ื,
06:25
it's bidirectional, highly adaptable,
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ื“ื•-ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช, ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืฉื“ืจื•ื’,
06:27
with very low infrastructure investment,
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ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžืื“ ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช,
06:30
very low ecological footprint.
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ื•ื’ื•ืจืžืช ื ื–ืง ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืžื–ืขืจื™.
06:34
If it is a new paradigm, though,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชืคื™ืกื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื ื•,
06:36
there must be other uses for it.
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ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
06:38
It can be used perhaps in other places in the world.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืจืฉืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
06:41
So let's look at the other end of the spectrum:
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช:
06:45
our cities and megacities.
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ืขืจื™ื ื•ืขืจื™ ืขื ืง.
06:47
Half of the Earth's population lives in cities today.
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ื—ืฆื™ ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื’ืจื” ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื.
06:50
Half a billion of us live in megacities.
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ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื™ืฉ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจื™ ืขื ืง.
06:52
We are living through an amazing urbanization trend.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืžื’ืžื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืขึดื™ื•ึผืจ.
06:55
China alone is adding a megacity
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ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื“ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืขื™ืจ ืขื ืง
06:57
the size of New York City every two years.
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ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ื›ืœ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื.
07:00
These are places that do have road infrastructure,
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ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ืฉ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช,
07:03
but it's very inefficient.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืŸ ืžืื“ ืœื ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช.
07:05
Congestion is a huge problem.
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ื•ืคืงืงื™ ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื”.
07:07
So we think it makes sense in those places
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ืื– ื ืจืื” ืœื ื• ื”ื’ื™ื•ื H ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื”
07:09
to set up a network of transportation
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืจืฉืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”
07:11
that is a new layer that sits between the road
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ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ
07:14
and the Internet,
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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
07:15
initially for lightweight, urgent stuff,
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืงืœื•ืช, ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ืข ื“ื—ื•ืฃ,
07:18
and over time, we would hope to develop this
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ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืœืคืชื—
07:20
into a new mode of transportation
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ืืช ื”ืจืฉืช ืœื›ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืจืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
07:22
that is truly a modern solution to a very old problem.
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ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ืขืชื™ืงื”.
07:25
It's ultimately scalable
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ืงืœ ืžืื“ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช
07:27
with a very small ecological footprint,
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ืชื•ืš ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืช ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”,
07:30
operating in the background 24/7,
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ื›ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืคื•ืขืœืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ 24\7,
07:33
just like the Internet.
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ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
07:35
So when we started this
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ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜
07:37
a couple of years ago now,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš,
07:40
we've had a lot of people come up to us who said,
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ืืžืจื• ืœื ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื:
07:43
"This is a very interesting but crazy idea,
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"ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉื•ื’ืข,
07:46
and certainly not something that you should
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ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ื
07:48
engage with anytime soon."
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ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘."
07:50
And of course, we're talking about drones, right,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื˜ื™ืก ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืื•ื™ืฉื™ื,
07:52
a technology that's not only unpopular in the West
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉืื™ื ื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื‘
07:56
but one that has become a very, very unpleasant
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ืืœื ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื’ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื™ื
07:58
fact of life for many living in poor countries,
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ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื•ืช,
08:01
especially those engaged in conflict.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื”.
08:04
So why are we doing this?
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ืื– ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช?
08:08
Well, we chose to do this one
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื—ืจื ื• ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื”
08:11
not because it's easy,
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ืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืงืœ,
08:13
but because it can have amazing impact.
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ืืœื ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื•.
08:16
Imagine one billion people being connected
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ืชืืจื• ืœื›ื ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื™ืฉ
08:18
to physical goods in the same way
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ืœืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš
08:21
that mobile telecommunications connected them
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ื‘ื” ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืื•ืชื
08:24
to information.
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ืืœ ืžื™ื“ืข.
08:26
Imagine if the next big network we built in the world
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืชื™ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื
08:30
was a network for the transportation of matter.
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ืชื”ื™ื” ืจืฉืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืชืฉื ืข ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
08:33
In the developing world, we would hope
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—, ืื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื
08:36
to reach millions of people with better vaccines,
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ืœืกืคืง ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
08:39
reach them with better medication.
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ืœืกืคืง ืœื”ื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:40
It would give us an unfair advantage against battling
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ื–ื” ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื ื’ื“
08:42
HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and other epidemics.
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ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื• HIV \ ืื™ื™ื“ืก, ืฉื—ืคืช, ื•ืฉืืจ ืžื’ืคื•ืช.
08:46
Over time, we would hope it would become
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ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ืคื•ืš
08:48
a new platform for economic transactions,
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ืœืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”,
08:50
lifting millions of people out of poverty.
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ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื™ื—ืœืฅ ืžืขื•ื ื™.
08:53
In the developed world and the emerging world,
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืคื•ืชื— ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—,
08:55
we would hope it would become a new mode
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ืื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื–ื• ืชื”ืคื•ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”
08:56
of transportation that could help make our cities
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ืœืฉื™ื ื•ืข ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
09:00
more livable.
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ืœื ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื™ื™ื.
09:02
So for those that still believe that this is science fiction,
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ืื– ืœื›ืœ ืืœื” ืฉืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™,
09:05
I firmly say to you that it is not.
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื–ื” ืœื.
09:08
We do need to engage, though,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช
09:10
in social fiction to make it happen.
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ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžืžืฉ ืื•ืชื.
09:13
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
09:15
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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