Andreas Raptopoulos: No roads? There's a drone for that

155,604 views ・ 2013-11-21

TED


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譯者: Ho Man Li 審譯者: Brandon Jow
00:13
One billion people in the world today
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今天世界上有十億人
00:15
do not have access to all-season roads.
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不能使用全天候皆能運作的道路。
00:17
One billion people.
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一億人。
00:19
One seventh of the Earth's population
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地球七分之一的人口
00:21
are totally cut off for some part of the year.
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一年中有時被截斷聯繫,
00:25
We cannot get medicine to them reliably,
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我們不能可靠地運送藥物,
00:27
they cannot get critical supplies,
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他們不能拿到緊急物資,
00:29
and they cannot get their goods to market
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不能以到市場賣東西
00:31
in order to create a sustainable income.
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創造稳定的收入。
00:35
In sub-Saharan Africa, for instance,
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在撒哈拉南邊,
00:37
85 percent of roads are unusable in the wet season.
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雨季裏百分之85的道路都是不可用的。
00:41
Investments are being made,
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在現今階段
00:43
but at the current level,
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有人投資在道路上,
00:45
it's estimated it's going to take them
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但估計需要50年
00:46
50 years to catch up.
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才能解決。
00:49
In the U.S. alone, there's more than four million
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僅在美國,就有超過四百萬
00:52
miles of roads, very expensive to build,
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英里的道路;建設非常昂貴,
00:55
very expensive to maintain infrastructure,
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維修也很貴,
00:58
with a huge ecological footprint,
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非常不環保
01:00
and yet, very often, congested.
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可是,通常都是堵塞了的。
01:04
So we saw this and we thought,
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所以我們想,
01:06
can there be a better way?
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有更好的辦法嗎?
01:08
Can we create a system using today's most advanced technologies
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利用現代科技,可否建立一個
01:11
that can allow this part of the world to leapfrog
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能令這些人受惠的系統,
01:14
in the same way they've done with mobile telephones
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就像最近十年內
01:17
in the last 10 years?
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像手提電話一樣?
01:19
Many of those nations have excellent telecommunications today
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現今擁有最好的電訊的國家
01:22
without ever putting copper lines in the ground.
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通常都沒有埋銅線於地下。
01:25
Could we do the same for transportation?
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我們能用同樣的方法來處理交通嗎?
01:28
Imagine this scenario.
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想像一下。
01:30
Imagine you are in a maternity ward in Mali,
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想像你在馬里(非洲國家)的產房,
01:33
and have a newborn in need of urgent medication.
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需要緊急醫療。
01:37
What would you do today?
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你會做什麼?
01:39
Well, you would place a request via mobile phone,
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你會打電話
01:41
and someone would get the request immediately.
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然後有人會立即知道。
01:44
That's the part that works.
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這部分沒問題。
01:46
The medication may take days to arrive, though,
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然而藥物可能需要幾日才到達
01:48
because of bad roads.
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因為很差的的交通因素。
01:50
That's the part that's broken.
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這部分十分殘破。
01:52
We believe we can deliver it within hours
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我們相信,利用獨立飛航的工具
01:54
with an electric autonomous flying vehicle
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藥物幾小時就能被運到。
01:57
such as this.
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就像這樣。
01:58
This can transport a small payload today, about two kilograms,
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這能與大概十公里範圍內運送
02:01
over a short distance, about 10 kilometers,
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大概兩公斤的物資,
02:04
but it's part of a wider network that may cover
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同時是一個龐大網絡的一部分,
02:06
the entire country, maybe even the entire continent.
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大至整個國家,甚至整個大陸。
02:10
It's an ultra-flexible, automated logistics network.
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它是十分彈性,自動的物流網絡。
02:15
It's a network for a transportation of matter.
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它是傳送物資的網絡。
02:17
We call it Matternet.
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我們叫他為「Matternet」。
02:19
We use three key technologies.
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我們用三個主要的科技。
02:21
The first is electric autonomous flying vehicles.
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第一,電子飛航交通工具。
02:23
The second is automated ground stations
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第二,自動化的地面車站,
02:26
that the vehicles fly in and out of
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那會容許飛航工具
02:28
to swap batteries and fly farther,
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換電池和飛更遠,
02:30
or pick up or deliver loads.
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拿起和放下負載。
02:32
And the third is the operating system
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第三,管理整個網絡
02:34
that manages the whole network.
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的操作系統。
02:37
Let's look at each one of those technologies in a bit more detail.
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現在,我們詳細地看這些科技。
02:40
First of all, the UAVs.
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首先,無人機。
02:42
Eventually, we're going to be using all sorts of vehicles
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有朝一日,我們將根據不同的重量和距離
02:44
for different payload capacities and different ranges.
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而使用不同的無人機。
02:47
Today, we're using small quads.
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今天,我們在用四方的小飛機。
02:49
These are able to transport two kilograms
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這些能在15分鐘內
02:51
over 10 kilometers in just about 15 minutes.
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飛超過10公里運輸2公斤的物資。
02:54
Compare this with trying to trespass a bad road
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比較在發展中國家
02:57
in the developing world,
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嘗試用車走過凹凸不平的道路,
02:58
or even being stuck in traffic
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甚至是在已發展國家
03:00
in a developed world country.
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經常出現的交通擁塞。
03:02
These fly autonomously.
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這些能自動飛行。
03:04
This is the key to the technology.
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這科技十分重要。
03:06
So they use GPS and other sensors on board
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他們利用GPS和其他感應器
03:08
to navigate between ground stations.
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在地上車站導航。
03:12
Every vehicle is equipped with an automatic
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每輛機器都裝上
03:14
payload and battery exchange mechanism,
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有效載荷和換電池的機制,
03:17
so these vehicles navigate to those ground stations,
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這些無人機航行到這些車站,
03:20
they dock, swap a battery automatically,
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停泊,換電池,
03:22
and go out again.
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再次行駛。
03:23
The ground stations are located on safe locations
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這些車站是位於地上
03:26
on the ground.
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安全的位置。
03:28
They secure the most vulnerable part of the mission,
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它們鞏固整個任務最脆弱的部分:
03:30
which is the landing.
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降落。
03:31
They are at known locations on the ground,
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這些車站位於已知的地點,
03:34
so the paths between them are also known,
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因此它們中間的路線也是清楚的;
03:36
which is very important from a reliability perspective
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站在可信性的立場來說,對於整個網絡,
03:38
from the whole network.
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這是十分重要的。
03:40
Apart from fulfilling the energy requirements of the vehicles,
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除了滿足機器的能源需要,
03:43
eventually they're going to be becoming
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它們最終都要成為
03:45
commercial hubs where people can take out loads
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人們能在網絡中拿出物資
03:48
or put loads into the network.
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或放東西進去的商業樞紐。
03:51
The last component is the operating system
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最後的部分是管理整個網絡的
03:53
that manages the whole network.
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運作系統。
03:55
It monitors weather data from all the ground stations
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它掌控來自地下車站的天氣資料,
03:58
and optimizes the routes of the vehicles through the system
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為機器尋找最佳的路線,
04:01
to avoid adverse weather conditions,
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避免不利的天氣和
04:04
avoid other risk factors,
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其他風險因素,
04:06
and optimize the use of the resources
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在網絡中最有效地
04:07
throughout the network.
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運用資源。
04:09
I want to show you what one of those flights
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我想讓你們看一看
04:11
looks like.
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這些無人機的樣子。
04:13
Here we are flying in Haiti last summer,
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這是去年夏天我們在海地的航行,
04:17
where we've done our first field trials.
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我們第一次的實地試驗。
04:19
We're modeling here a medical delivery
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那裏,我們在 2010 年海地大地震後興建了一個營,
04:21
in a camp we set up after the 2010 earthquake.
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現在模擬運送藥物。
04:26
People there love this.
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當地的人非常喜歡。
04:28
And I want to show you
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我想讓你們看看
04:31
what one of those vehicles looks like up close.
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在近距離下這些飛機的樣子。
04:36
So this is a $3,000 vehicle.
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這是一輛價值 3000 元的飛機。
04:38
Costs are coming down very rapidly.
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價錢將會很快下降。
04:42
We use this in all sorts of weather conditions,
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我們在任何天氣環境下都能使用,
04:45
very hot and very cold climates,
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炎熱或寒冷,
04:46
very strong winds. They're very sturdy vehicles.
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強風。它們非常結實耐用。
04:53
Imagine if your life depended on this package,
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想想你生命完全依賴這包裹。
04:57
somewhere in Africa
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非洲某處,
04:58
or in New York City, after Sandy.
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又或經過桑迪暴風吹襲的紐約。
05:02
The next big question is, what's the cost?
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第二個大問題是,價錢呢?
05:06
Well, it turns out that the cost to transport
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其實在超過十公里的距離
05:09
two kilograms over 10 kilometers with this vehicle
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運送兩公斤的物件
05:13
is just 24 cents.
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價格僅僅是 24 美分。
05:17
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
05:22
And it's counterintuitive, but the cost of energy
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有違常理地,能源的價格
05:25
expended for the flight is only two cents
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花費的只是整個旅程中的
05:27
of a dollar today,
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2 美分而已;
05:28
and we're just at the beginning of this.
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而我們只是剛剛起步。
05:30
When we saw this, we felt that this is something
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我們看到這事,我們認為這能對
05:33
that can have significant impact in the world.
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世界帶來顯著的效果。
05:36
So we said, okay, how much does it cost
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所以我們問:在世界任何一處建立
05:38
to set up a network somewhere in the world?
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一個網絡要花多少?
05:40
And we looked at setting up a network in Lesotho
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所以我們查看了如何在萊索托(非洲南部內陸國家)
05:42
for transportation of HIV/AIDS samples.
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建立為搜集艾滋病毒樣本的交通系統。
05:45
The problem there is how do you take them
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當地的問題是:如何將樣品由
05:48
from clinics where they're being collected
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蒐集樣本的診所
05:50
to hospitals where they're being analyzed?
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運送到醫院做化驗?
05:53
And we said, what if we wanted to cover an area
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另外,假如我們要覆蓋
05:55
spanning around 140 square kilometers?
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超過 140 平方公里的範圍?
05:58
That's roughly one and a half times the size of Manhattan.
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那是大概曼哈頓 1.5 倍的面積。
06:01
Well it turns out that the cost to do that there
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原來,要花費的
06:03
would be less than a million dollars.
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只少於 100萬美元。
06:06
Compare this to normal infrastructure investments.
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將這價格和普通基建的價錢相比。
06:10
We think this can be -- this is the power
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我們相信這是
06:13
of a new paradigm.
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新範例的能力。
06:15
So here we are: a new idea
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現在,我們從網絡上
06:18
about a network for transportation
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衍生出對交通網絡
06:20
that is based on the ideas of the Internet.
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新的意念。
06:22
It's decentralized, it's peer-to-peer,
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它並非統一,而是點對點,
06:25
it's bidirectional, highly adaptable,
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雙向,極容易適應,
06:27
with very low infrastructure investment,
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以及擁有很低的基建投資,
06:30
very low ecological footprint.
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非常環保。
06:34
If it is a new paradigm, though,
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但假如這是新的範例,
06:36
there must be other uses for it.
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它一定有其他用處。
06:38
It can be used perhaps in other places in the world.
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可能在世界上其它地方都能用。
06:41
So let's look at the other end of the spectrum:
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所以一起探索另一個角落。
06:45
our cities and megacities.
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我們的城市和巨型城市。
06:47
Half of the Earth's population lives in cities today.
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今天,一半的人住在城市。
06:50
Half a billion of us live in megacities.
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超過五億人住在超大城市。
06:52
We are living through an amazing urbanization trend.
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我們生活在都市化潮流的年代。
06:55
China alone is adding a megacity
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光是中國,每兩年就會
06:57
the size of New York City every two years.
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建設面積相當於紐約城市。
07:00
These are places that do have road infrastructure,
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這些地方確實有道路基建,
07:03
but it's very inefficient.
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然而非常沒效率。
07:05
Congestion is a huge problem.
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交通堵塞是個很嚴重的問題。
07:07
So we think it makes sense in those places
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因此我們認為在那裏
07:09
to set up a network of transportation
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設立一個交通網絡有道理。
07:11
that is a new layer that sits between the road
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一個新的層次,坐落於道路
07:14
and the Internet,
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和網絡中間,
07:15
initially for lightweight, urgent stuff,
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最初是為輕便,緊急的物資而設;
07:18
and over time, we would hope to develop this
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隨著時間,我們希望將它
07:20
into a new mode of transportation
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發展成新模式的交通,
07:22
that is truly a modern solution to a very old problem.
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以現代的方法解決這古老的問題。
07:25
It's ultimately scalable
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這方法能以
07:27
with a very small ecological footprint,
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非常環保的方式擴展;
07:30
operating in the background 24/7,
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每時每刻都在背後運作,
07:33
just like the Internet.
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就像互聯網一樣。
07:35
So when we started this
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因此在我們幾年前
07:37
a couple of years ago now,
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開始研究這時,
07:40
we've had a lot of people come up to us who said,
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很多人跟我們說:「
07:43
"This is a very interesting but crazy idea,
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這是一個有趣然而瘋狂的想法,
07:46
and certainly not something that you should
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你們不應該花時間
07:48
engage with anytime soon."
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在這件事上。」
07:50
And of course, we're talking about drones, right,
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當然,我們是在談無人機,
07:52
a technology that's not only unpopular in the West
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一件不但在西方不普遍的科技,
07:56
but one that has become a very, very unpleasant
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同時對於窮困的人來說
07:58
fact of life for many living in poor countries,
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一件令人討厭的玩意,
08:01
especially those engaged in conflict.
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特別是處於衝突的人。
08:04
So why are we doing this?
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那我們為什麼還要做呢?
08:08
Well, we chose to do this one
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我們並非因為
08:11
not because it's easy,
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這件事很簡單,
08:13
but because it can have amazing impact.
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卻是因為它能帶來驚人的影響。
08:16
Imagine one billion people being connected
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想像十億人利用
08:18
to physical goods in the same way
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像手機電信
08:21
that mobile telecommunications connected them
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聯繫資訊的方式
08:24
to information.
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聯繫到物品。
08:26
Imagine if the next big network we built in the world
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想像我們世界之後建立的大網絡
08:30
was a network for the transportation of matter.
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是運送物質的。
08:33
In the developing world, we would hope
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在發展中國家,我們希望
08:36
to reach millions of people with better vaccines,
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讓眾多的人使用更好的疫苗,
08:39
reach them with better medication.
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運送更好的藥物。
08:40
It would give us an unfair advantage against battling
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這樣一來,我們在
08:42
HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and other epidemics.
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對抗艾滋病毒,肺結核和流行病擁有極大的優勢。
08:46
Over time, we would hope it would become
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隨著時間推移,我們希望它會成為
08:48
a new platform for economic transactions,
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經濟交易的新平台,
08:50
lifting millions of people out of poverty.
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帶領千千萬萬的人脫貧。
08:53
In the developed world and the emerging world,
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無論是已發展和發展中的地方,
08:55
we would hope it would become a new mode
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我們都希望這能成為
08:56
of transportation that could help make our cities
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新的交通模式,因而令我們的生活
09:00
more livable.
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更適合居住。
09:02
So for those that still believe that this is science fiction,
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對於那些仍然認為這是科學小說的人,
09:05
I firmly say to you that it is not.
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我強烈地像你們說:不是。
09:08
We do need to engage, though,
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我們卻要參與,
09:10
in social fiction to make it happen.
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與社會小說中,去令這發生。
09:13
Thank you.
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謝謝。
09:15
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
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