Lessons from the longest study on human development | Helen Pearson

552,052 views ・ 2017-10-23

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković
00:13
Today I want to confess something to you,
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Danas želim nešto da vam priznam,
00:16
but first of all I'm going to ask you a couple of questions.
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ali ću prvo da vam postavim nekoliko pitanja.
00:19
How many people here have children?
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Koliko vas ovde ima decu?
00:23
And how many of you are confident
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A koliko vas je ubeđeno
00:25
that you know how to bring up your children
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da znate kako da podižete svoju decu
00:27
in exactly the right way?
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baš na pravi način?
00:28
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
00:31
OK, I don't see too many hands going up on that second one,
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U redu, ne vidim da se previše ruku podiže na drugo pitanje,
00:35
and that's my confession, too.
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a to je i moje priznanje.
00:36
I've got three boys;
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Imam tri dečaka;
00:37
they're three, nine and 12.
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imaju tri, devet i 12 godina.
00:39
And like you, and like most parents,
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I poput vas, kao i poput većine reoditelja,
00:41
the honest truth is I have pretty much no idea what I'm doing.
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iskreno da vam kažem, pojma nemam šta radim.
00:45
I want them to be happy and healthy in their lives,
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Želim im da budu srećni i zdravi u životu,
00:47
but I don't know what I'm supposed to do
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ali ne znam šta bi trebalo da uradim
00:49
to make sure they are happy and healthy.
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da se postaram da budu srećni i zdravi.
00:51
There's so many books offering all kinds of conflicting advice,
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Ima toliko knjiga koje nude razne suprotstavljene savete,
00:54
it can be really overwhelming.
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zaista može da bude parališuće.
00:56
So I've spent most of their lives just making it up as I go along.
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Pa sam provela veći deo njihovih života snalazeći se korak po korak.
01:00
However, something changed me a few years ago,
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Međutim, nešto me je promenilo pre nekoliko godina,
01:03
when I came across a little secret that we have in Britain.
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kada sam naišla na malu tajnu koja postoji kod nas u Britaniji.
01:07
It's helped me become more confident about how I bring up my own children,
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Pomoglo mi je da budem samopouzdanija kod tog kako podižem svoju decu,
01:10
and it's revealed a lot about how we as a society can help all children.
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i otkrilo je mnogo o tome kako mi kao društvo možemo da pomognemo svoj deci.
01:14
I want to share that secret with you today.
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Želim sa vama da podelim tu tajnu.
01:17
For the last 70 years,
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U proteklih 70 godina,
01:19
scientists in Britain have been following thousands of children through their lives
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naučnici u Britaniji su pratili na hiljade dece tokom njihovog života,
01:24
as part of an incredible scientific study.
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kao deo neverovatnog naučnog istraživanja.
01:27
There's nothing quite like it anywhere else in the world.
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Ništa slično ne postoji u svetu.
01:30
Collecting information on thousands of children
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Sakupljanje informacija o hiljadama dece
01:32
is a really powerful thing to do,
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je zaista moćna stvar
01:34
because it means we can compare the ones who say,
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jer to znači da možemo uporediti one koji, recimo,
01:36
do well at school or end up healthy or happy or wealthy as adults,
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su dobri u školi ili završe kao zdravi ili srećni ili imućni odrasli,
01:40
and the ones who struggle much more,
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i one koji se mnogo više muče,
01:42
and then we can sift through all the information we've collected
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a potom možemo da pročešljamo sve informacije koje smo sakupili
01:45
and try to work out why their lives turned out different.
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i da pokušamo da otkrijemo zašto su im životi različito ispali.
01:48
This British study -- it's actually a kind of crazy story.
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Ovo britansko istraživanje - zapravo se radi o šašavoj priči.
01:51
So it all starts back in 1946,
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Dakle, sve počinje 1946,
01:53
just a few months after the end of the war,
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svega nekoliko meseci po okončanju rata,
01:55
when scientists wanted to know
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kada su se naučnici zapitali
01:57
what it was like for a woman to have a baby at the time.
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kako je tada bilo ženama koje su imale bebu.
02:00
They carried out this huge survey of mothers
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Sproveli su obimnu anketu među majkama
02:03
and ended up recording the birth of nearly every baby
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i na kraju su zabeležili rođenje skoro svake bebe
02:05
born in England, Scotland and Wales in one week.
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rođene u Engleskoj, Škotskoj i Velsu tokom jedne nedelje.
02:08
That was nearly 14,000 babies.
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Radilo se o skoro 14.000 beba.
02:12
The questions they asked these women
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Pitanja koja su pitali ove žene
02:14
are very different than the ones we might ask today.
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se veoma razlikuju od onih koje bismo danas pitali.
02:16
They sound really old-fashioned now.
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Sada zvuče zaista zastarelo.
02:18
They asked them things like,
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Pitali su ih stvari poput:
02:19
"During pregnancy,
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"Tokom trudnoće,
02:20
did you get your full extra ration of a pint of milk a day?"
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da li ste dobijali puno dodatno sledovanje od pola litra mleka na dan?"
02:25
"How much did you spend on smocks, corsets,
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"Koliko ste trošili na bluze, korsete,
02:28
nightdresses, knickers and brassieres?"
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spavaćice, gaćice i brushaltere?"
02:32
And this is my favorite one:
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A ovo mi je omiljeno:
02:34
"Who looked after your husband while you were in bed with this baby?"
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"Ko je pazio vašeg muža dok ste bili u krevetu s bebom?"
02:37
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:42
Now, this wartime study actually ended up being so successful
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Sad, ovo ratno istraživanje je na kraju bilo toliko uspešno
02:45
that scientists did it again.
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da su ga naučnici ponovili.
02:47
They recorded the births of thousands of babies born in 1958
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Zabeležili su rođenje hiljada beba rođenih 1958.
02:50
and thousands more in 1970.
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i još na hiljadu rođenih 1970.
02:52
They did it again in the early 1990s,
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Ponovili su to ranih 1990-ih
02:54
and again at the turn of the millennium.
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i ponovo početkom milenijuma.
02:57
Altogether, more than 70,000 children have been involved in these studies
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Sveukupno, više od 70.000 dece je uključeno u ova istraživanja,
03:00
across those five generations.
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u ovih pet generacija.
03:02
They're called the British birth cohorts,
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Nazivaju ih britanskom kohortom rođenih,
03:04
and scientists have gone back and recorded more information
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a naučnici su se vratili i zabeležili još informacija
03:07
on all of these people every few years ever since.
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o svim ovim ljudima na svake dve godine.
03:10
The amount of information that's now been collected on these people
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Količina informacija koja je sakupljena o ovim ljudima
03:14
is just completely mind-boggling.
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je prosto zapanjujuća.
03:15
It includes thousands of paper questionnaires
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Uključuje na hiljade upitnika na papiru
03:17
and terabytes' worth of computer data.
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i terabajte kompjuterskih informacija.
03:20
Scientists have also built up a huge bank of tissue samples,
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Naučnici su takođe sagradili ogromnu banku uzoraka tkiva,
03:23
which includes locks of hair, nail clippings, baby teeth and DNA.
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koja uključuje pramenove kose, isečke noktiju, mlečne zube i DNK.
03:28
They've even collected 9,000 placentas from some of the births,
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Čak su i sakupili 9.000 posteljica od nekih porođaja,
03:32
which are now pickled in plastic buckets in a secure storage warehouse.
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koje su trenutno pasterizovane u plastičnim kofama u bezbednom skladištu.
03:38
This whole project has become unique --
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Čitav ovaj projekat je postao jedinstven -
03:40
so, no other country in the world is tracking generations of children
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dakle, ne, nijedna država na svetu ne prati generacije dece
03:43
in quite this detail.
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ovako detaljno.
03:45
These are some of the best-studied people on the planet,
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Spadaju među najizučavanije ljude na planeti,
03:48
and the data has become incredibly valuable for scientists,
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a ovi podaci su postali izuzetno vredni naučnicima,
03:51
generating well over 6,000 academic papers and books.
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proizveli su preko 6000 akademskih radova i knjiga.
03:56
But today I want to focus on just one finding --
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Ali danas želim da se usredsredim samo na jedno otkriće -
03:59
perhaps the most important discovery to come from this remarkable study.
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možda najvažnije otkriće koje je proisteklo iz ove izvanredne studije.
04:03
And it's also the one that spoke to me personally,
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A to otkriće je i mene lično dotaklo
04:06
because it's about how to use science to do the best for our children.
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jer se radi o tome kako da koristite nauku da uradite najbolje za vašu decu.
04:10
So, let's get the bad news out of the way first.
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Dakle, prvo ćemo da se rešimo loših vesti.
04:14
Perhaps the biggest message from this remarkable study is this:
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Verovatno najveća pouka iz ovog izvanrednog istraživanja je:
04:17
don't be born into poverty or into disadvantage,
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nemojte da se rodite u siromaštvu ili oskudici
04:21
because if you are,
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jer, ako se to desi,
04:22
you're far more likely to walk a difficult path in life.
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veća je verovatnoća da ćete ići težim putem kroz život.
04:25
Many children in this study were born into poor families
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Mnoga deca iz ovog istraživanja su rođena u siromašnim porodicama
04:28
or into working-class families that had cramped homes or other problems,
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ili u porodicama radničke klase koje su imale tesne domove ili druge probleme,
04:33
and it's clear now that those disadvantaged children
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i sada je jasno da su se ova neprivilegovana deca
04:35
have been more likely to struggle on almost every score.
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češće mučila skoro na svakom koraku.
04:38
They've been more likely to do worse at school,
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Veća je verovatnoća da su bili lošiji đaci,
04:41
to end up with worse jobs and to earn less money.
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da su završili sa lošijim poslovima i zarađivali manje novca.
04:43
Now, maybe that sounds really obvious,
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Sad, to možda zvuči očigledno,
04:45
but some of the results have been really surprising,
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ali neki rezultati su zaista bili iznenađujući,
04:48
so children who had a tough start in life
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dakle, deca koja su imala težak početak
04:50
are also more likely to end up unhealthy as adults.
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takođe su na kraju postajala odrasli lošijeg zdravlja.
04:53
They're more likely to be overweight,
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Skloniji su gojaznosti,
04:55
to have high blood pressure,
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visokom krvnom pritisku,
04:56
and then decades down the line,
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a decenijama kasnije,
04:58
more likely to have a failing memory, poor health and even to die earlier.
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skloniji su tome da ih izdaje pamćenje, loše zdravlje, pa čak i da ranije umru.
05:05
Now, I talked about what happens later,
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Sad, govorila sam o tome šta se dešava kasnije,
05:08
but some of these differences emerge at a really shockingly early age.
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ali neke od ovih razlika se pojavljuju u iznenađujuće ranom uzrastu.
05:12
In one study,
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U jednom istraživanju,
05:13
children who were growing up in poverty
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deca koja su odrastala u siromaštvu
05:15
were almost a year behind the richer children on educational tests,
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su na obrazovnim testovima zaostajala skoro godinu iza bogatije dece,
05:19
and that was by the age of just three.
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a radi se o uzrastu od svega tri godine.
05:22
These types of differences have been found again and again across the generations.
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Ovaj tip razlika je otkriven iznova i iznova širom generacija.
05:26
It means that our early circumstances have a profound influence
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To znači da naše rane okolnosti imaju suštinski uticaj
05:29
on the way that the rest of our lives play out.
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na to kako će se odigrati ostatak naših života.
05:32
And working out why that is
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A otkrivanje zašto je to tako
05:33
is one of the most difficult questions that we face today.
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je jedno od najtežih pitanja s kojim smo trenutno suočeni.
05:37
So there we have it.
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Dakle, eto ga.
05:39
The first lesson for successful life, everyone, is this:
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Prva lekcija za uspešan život, pazite, je sledeća:
05:42
choose your parents very carefully.
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veoma oprezno birajte roditelje.
05:43
(Laughter)
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05:44
Don't be born into a poor family or into a struggling family.
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(Smeh)
Ne rađajte se u siromašnoj porodici ili u oskudnoj porodici.
05:49
Now, I'm sure you can see the small problem here.
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Sad, sigurna sam da ovde zapažate maleni problem.
05:51
We can't choose our parents or how much they earn,
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Ne možemo da biramo roditelje ili koliko će da zarađuju,
05:55
but this British study has also struck a real note of optimism
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ali ovo britansko istraživanje je takođe imalo notu optimizma,
05:58
by showing that not everyone who has a disadvantaged start
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pokazujući da nisu svi koji su imali neprivilegovan početak
06:02
ends up in difficult circumstances.
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završili u teškim okolnostima.
06:05
As you know, many people have a tough start in life,
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Kao što znate, mnogi ljudi imaju težak početak života,
06:07
but they end up doing very well on some measure nevertheless,
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ali im na kraju ipak bude dobro do neke mere,
06:10
and this study starts to explain how.
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a ovo istraživanje objašnjava kako.
06:13
So the second lesson is this:
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Dakle, sledeća lekcija je:
06:15
parents really matter.
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roditelji su zaista važni.
06:17
In this study,
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U ovom istraživanju,
06:18
children who had engaged, interested parents,
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deca angažovanih, zainteresovanih roditelja,
06:21
ones who had ambition for their future,
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onih koji su bili ambiciozni za budućnost dece,
06:23
were more likely to escape from a difficult start.
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bila su sklonija tome da izbegnu posledice teškog početka.
06:25
It seems that parents and what they do are really, really important,
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Čini se da su roditelji i njihovi postupci zaista, zaista važni,
06:30
especially in the first few years of life.
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naročito tokom prvih nekoliko godina života.
06:32
Let me give you an example of that.
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Daću vam primer za to.
06:34
In one study,
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U jednom istraživanju,
06:35
scientists looked at about 17,000 children who were born in 1970.
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naučnici su posmatrali oko 17.000 dece koja su rođena 1970.
06:40
They sifted all the mountains of data that they had collected
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Pročešljali su brda podataka koje su sakupili
06:43
to try to work out
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kako bi otkrili
06:44
what allowed the children who'd had a difficult start in life
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šta je omogućilo deci koja su imala težak početak života
06:47
to go on and do well at school nevertheless.
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da svejedno budu dobri đaci.
06:49
In other words, which ones beat the odds.
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Drugim rečima, šta je pobedilo statistiku.
06:52
The data showed that what mattered more than anything else was parents.
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Podaci su pokazali da su roditelji važniji od svega drugog.
06:56
Having engaged, interested parents in those first few years of life
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Imati angažovane, zainteresovane roditelje u prvih nekoliko godina života
06:59
was strongly linked to children going on to do well at school later on.
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je čvrsto povezano sa kasnijim dečjim uspehom u školi.
07:04
In fact, quite small things that parents do
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Zapravo, prilično sitne stvari koje roditelji rade
07:07
are associated with good outcomes for children.
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su povezane sa dobrim ishodima kod dece.
07:10
Talking and listening to a child,
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Razgovaranje i slušanje deteta,
07:12
responding to them warmly,
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pružanje toplog odgovora,
07:14
teaching them their letters and numbers,
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podučavanje slovima i brojevima,
07:16
taking them on trips and visits.
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odvođenje na putovanja i u posete.
07:17
Reading to children every day seems to be really important, too.
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Svakodnevno čitanje deci se takođe čini prilično važnim.
07:21
So in one study,
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Dakle, u jednom istraživanju,
07:22
children whose parents were reading to them daily when they were five
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deca čiji su roditelji im čitali svakodnevno kada im je bilo pet godina
07:26
and then showing an interest in their education at the age of 10,
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i potom su pokazivali interesovanje za njihovo obrazovanje u 10. godini
07:29
were significantly less likely to be in poverty at the age of 30
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značajno su imali manje šanse da žive u siromaštvu sa 30 godina
07:33
than those whose parents weren't doing those things.
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od onih čiji roditelji nisu radili sve to.
07:36
Now, there are huge challenges with interpreting this type of science.
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Sad, postoje ogromni izazovi pri tumačenju ovog vida nauke.
07:41
These studies show that certain things that parents do
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Ova istraživanja pokazuju da određene stvari koje roditelji rade
07:44
are correlated with good outcomes for children,
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su povezane sa dobrim ishodima za decu,
07:46
but we don't necessarily know those behaviors caused the good outcomes,
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ali mi nužno ne znamo da li su ta ponašanja uzrokovala dobre ishode
07:50
or whether some other factor is getting in the way.
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ili se neki drugi faktor našao na putu.
07:52
For example, we have to take genes into account,
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Na primer, moramo da uzmemo u obzir gene,
07:54
and that's a whole other talk in itself.
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a to je samo po sebi neki drugi govor.
07:57
But scientists working with this British study
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No naučnici koji rade na ovoj britanskoj studiji,
07:59
are working really hard to get at causes,
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rade zaista vredno da pronađu uzroke,
08:01
and this is one study I particularly love.
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a evo jednog istraživanja koje naročito volim.
08:03
In this one,
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08:04
they looked at the bedtime routines of about 10,000 children
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U njemu
su posmatrali rutine pred spavanje oko 10.000 dece
08:07
born at the turn of the millennium.
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rođene početkom ovog milenijuma.
08:09
Were the children going to bed at regular times,
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Da li su deca išla u krevet uvek u isto vreme
08:12
or did they go to bed at different times during the week?
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ili su išla u krevet u različito vreme tokom nedelje?
08:14
The data showed that those children who were going to bed at different times
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Podaci su pokazali da su ona deca koja su išla u krevet u različito vreme
08:18
were more likely to have behavioral problems,
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bila sklonija problematičnom ponašanju,
08:20
and then those that switched to having regular bedtimes
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a ona koja su se prebacila na ustaljen odlazak u krevet
08:23
often showed an improvement in behavior,
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su često pokazivala napredak u ponašanju,
08:26
and that was really crucial,
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a to je bilo zaista krucijalno
08:27
because it suggested it was the bedtime routines
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jer je nagoveštavalo da rutine pripreme za krevet
08:29
that were really helping things get better for those kids.
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zaista pomažu da se stvari poprave za tu decu.
08:33
Here's another one to think about.
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Evo još jednog za razmišljanje.
08:34
In this one,
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U ovom istraživanju,
08:35
scientists looked at children who were reading for pleasure.
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naučnici su posmatrali decu koja su čitala iz zadovoljstva.
08:38
That means that they picked up a magazine, a picture book, a story book.
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To znači da bi uzeli časopis, slikovnicu, priče za decu.
08:43
The data showed that children who were reading for pleasure
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Podaci su pokazali da deca koja su čitala iz zadovoljstva
08:46
at the ages of five and 10
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u uzrastu od pet do deset godina,
08:48
were more likely to go on in school better, on average,
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imala su više šanse u proseku da imaju bolji uspeh u školi,
08:51
on school tests later in their lives.
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na školskim testovima kasnije u životu.
08:53
And not just tests of reading,
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I ne samo na testovima iz čitanja,
08:55
but tests of spelling and maths as well.
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već i na testovima sricanja i matematike.
08:58
This study tried to control for all the confounding factors,
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Istraživanje je pokušalo da kontroliše sve zbunjujuće faktore,
09:01
so it looked at children who were equally intelligent
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pa je posmatralo decu koja su podjednako inteligentna
09:03
and from the same social-class background,
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i imaju isto socio-klasno poreklo,
09:05
so it seemed as if it was the reading which really helped those children
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pa se činilo kao da je čitanje to što je zaista pomoglo deci
09:09
go on and score better on those school tests later in their lives.
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da imaju bolje rezultate na testovima kasnije u njihovom životu.
09:13
Now at the start,
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Sad, na početku
09:14
I said the first lesson from this study
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sam rekla prvu lekciju iz ovog istraživanja
09:16
was not to be born into poverty or into disadvantage,
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da se ne treba roditi u siromaštvu ili oskudici
09:19
because those children tend to follow more difficult paths in their lives.
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jer ta deca često idu težim putem u životu.
09:22
But then I said that parenting matters,
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Ali sam zatim rekla da je roditeljstvo važno
09:25
and that good parenting, if you can call it that,
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i da dobro roditeljstvo, ako ga tako nazovete,
09:27
helps children beat the odds
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pomaže deci da pobede statistiku
09:28
and overcome some of those early disadvantages.
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i prevaziđu neke od tih ranih nedostataka.
09:31
So wait,
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Dakle, čekajte,
09:33
does that actually mean, then, that poverty doesn't matter after all?
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da li to onda zapravo znači da siromaštvo naposletku uopšte nije važno?
09:38
You could argue it doesn't matter if a child is born poor --
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Možete da tvrdite da nije važno, ako se dete rodi siromašno -
09:41
as long as their parents are good parents, they're going to do just fine.
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dokle god ima dobre roditelje, biće mu sasvim dobro.
09:44
I don't believe that's true.
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Ne verujem da je to tačno.
09:46
This study shows that poverty and parenting matter.
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Istraživanje pokazuje da su važni i siromaštvo i roditeljstvo.
09:49
And one study actually put figures on that,
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A jedno istraživanje je zapravo to procenilo,
09:51
so it looked at children growing up in persistent poverty
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pa je posmatralo decu koja su odrastala u trajnom siromaštvu
09:54
and how well they were doing at school.
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i kako im je išlo u školi.
09:56
The data showed
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Podaci su pokazali
09:57
that even when their parents were doing everything right --
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da čak i kad su njihovi roditelji sve radili kako treba -
10:00
putting them to bed on time
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slali ih u krevet na vreme
10:01
and reading to them every day and everything else --
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i čitali im svakodnevno i sve ostalo -
10:04
that only got those children so far.
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to je tek toliko uticalo na decu.
10:06
Good parenting only reduced the educational gap
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Dobro roditeljstvo je samo umanjilo obrazovni jaz
10:09
between the rich and poor children by about 50 percent.
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između bogate i siromašne dece za oko 50 procenata.
10:13
Now that means that poverty leaves a really lasting scar,
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Sad, to znači da siromaštvo ostavlja zaista trajan ožiljak,
10:17
and it means that if we really want to ensure the success and well-being
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i znači da ako zaista želimo da obezbedimo uspeh i dobrobit
10:20
of the next generation,
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sledeće generacije,
10:22
then tackling child poverty is an incredibly important thing to do.
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onda je bavljenje dečjim siromaštvom neverovatno važan postupak.
10:27
Now, what does all this mean for you and me?
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Sad, šta sve ovo znači za vas i mene?
10:30
Are there lessons here we can all take home and use?
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Šta iz ovog možemo da naučimo i da primenimo?
10:32
As a scientist and a journalist,
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Kao naučnica i novinarka,
10:34
I like to have some science to inform my parenting ...
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volim kad mi nauka potkrepljuje roditeljstvo...
10:37
and I can tell you that when you're shouting at your kids
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i mogu da vam kažem da kad vičete na decu
10:40
to go to bed on time,
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da idu u krevet na vreme,
10:41
it really helps to have the scientific literature on your side.
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zaista pomaže kad imate naučnu literaturu na vašoj strani.
10:44
(Laughter)
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10:45
And wouldn't it be great to think
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(Smeh)
I zar ne bi bila sjajna pomisao
10:47
that all we had to do to have happy, successful children
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da sve što je potrebno da bismo imali srećnu, uspešnu decu
10:50
was to talk to them, be interested in their future,
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jeste da pričate s njima, budete zainteresovani za njihovu budućnost,
10:52
put them to bed on time, and give them a book to read?
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stavljate ih u krevet na vreme dajete im knjige da čitaju?
10:55
Our job would be done.
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Naš posao bi bio završen.
10:57
Now, as you can imagine,
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Kao što pretpostavljate,
10:58
the answers aren't quite as simple as that.
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odgovori nisu ni blizu tako jednostavni.
11:01
For one thing, this study looks at what happens
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Prvo, ovo istraživanje posmatra šta se dešava
11:04
to thousands and thousands of children on average,
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hiljadama i hiljadama dece u proseku,
11:06
but that doesn't necessarily say what will help my child or your child
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ali to nužno ne govori šta bi pomoglo mom ili vašem detetu
11:10
or any individual child.
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ili bilo kom detetu pojedinačno.
11:11
In the end, each of our children is going to walk their own path,
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Konačno, svako naše dete će da prati sopstvenu stazu,
11:15
and that's partly defined by the genes they inherit
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a ona je delimično određena genima koje nasleđuju
11:17
and of course all the experiences they have through their lives,
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i, naravno, svim iskustvima koja budu imali u životu,
11:20
including their interactions with us, their parents.
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uključujući interakciju s nama, njihovim roditeljima.
11:23
I will tell you what I did after I learned all this.
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Reći ću vam šta sam uradila, nakon što sam ovo saznala.
11:25
It's a bit embarrassing.
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Malo me je sramota.
11:27
I realized I was so busy working,
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Shvatila sam da sam bila toliko zauzeta radeći,
11:30
and ironically,
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i, ironično,
11:31
learning and writing about this incredible study of British children,
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učeći i pišući o ovom neverovatnom istraživanju britanske dece,
11:35
that there were days when I hardly even spoke to my own British children.
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da je bilo dana kad jedva da sam i govorila sa sopstvenom britanskom decom.
11:39
So at home, we introduced talking time,
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Pa smo kod kuće uveli vreme za razgovor,
11:41
which is just 15 minutes at the end of the day
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a to je svega 15 minuta na kraju dana
11:43
when we talk and listen to the boys.
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kada razgovaramo i slušamo dečake.
11:46
I try better now to ask them what they did today,
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Sad se više trudim da ih pitam šta su radili danas,
11:49
and to show that I value what they do at school.
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i da pokažem da cenim njihov trud u školi.
11:52
Of course, I make sure they always have a book to read.
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Naravno da se staram da uvek imaju knjigu za čitanje.
11:55
I tell them I'm ambitious for their future,
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Govorim im da imam ambicije za njihovu budućnost
11:57
and I think they can be happy and do great things.
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i smatram da mogu da budu srećni i postignu velike stvari.
12:01
I don't know that any of that will make a difference,
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Ne znam da li će išta od toga da bude značajno,
12:04
but I'm pretty confident it won't do them any harm,
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ali sam prilično sigurna da neće da im škodi,
12:07
and it might even do them some good.
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a možda im čak i pomogne malo.
12:09
Ultimately, if we want happy children,
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Naposletku, ako želimo srećnu decu,
12:12
all we can do is listen to the science,
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sve što možemo je da slušamo nauku
12:14
and of course,
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i, naravno,
12:15
listen to our children themselves.
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da slušamo i samu decu.
12:17
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
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