Lessons from the longest study on human development | Helen Pearson

572,647 views ใƒป 2017-10-23

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: eunseo cho ๊ฒ€ํ† : Gichung Lee
00:13
Today I want to confess something to you,
0
13622
3324
์˜ค๋Š˜, ์ „ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฐฑํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
but first of all I'm going to ask you a couple of questions.
1
16970
2895
๊ทธ ์ „์—, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋งŒ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
How many people here have children?
2
19889
1753
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ค‘ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
00:23
And how many of you are confident
3
23496
1578
๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด์ค‘ ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๋ช‡๋ถ„์ด
00:25
that you know how to bring up your children
4
25098
2054
์•„์ด๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋„๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
00:27
in exactly the right way?
5
27176
1235
์ž๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
00:28
(Laughter)
6
28435
3441
(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:31
OK, I don't see too many hands going up on that second one,
7
31900
3139
์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„  ๋งŽ์€ ์†์„ ๋ณด์ง„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
and that's my confession, too.
8
35063
1547
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ œ ๊ณ ๋ฐฑ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
I've got three boys;
9
36634
1251
์ €๋Š” ์•„๋“ค์ด ์„ธ ๋ช…์ด๊ณ 
00:37
they're three, nine and 12.
10
37909
1807
์„ธ ์‚ด, ์•„ํ™‰ ์‚ด, ์—ด๋‘ ์‚ด์ด์ฃ .
00:39
And like you, and like most parents,
11
39740
2066
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
00:41
the honest truth is I have pretty much no idea what I'm doing.
12
41830
2940
์†”์งํžˆ ์ €๋„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ๋ฐ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
I want them to be happy and healthy in their lives,
13
45469
2405
์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์ง€๋งŒ
00:47
but I don't know what I'm supposed to do
14
47898
1986
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
00:49
to make sure they are happy and healthy.
15
49908
2006
๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
There's so many books offering all kinds of conflicting advice,
16
51938
2977
๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฑ…๋“ค์ด ์‹œ์ค‘์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€๋ฐ์š”.
00:54
it can be really overwhelming.
17
54939
1536
์ •๋ง ์••๋„๋‹นํ•  ์ •๋„์ด์ฃ .
00:56
So I've spent most of their lives just making it up as I go along.
18
56499
3096
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค๋’€๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
However, something changed me a few years ago,
19
60854
3016
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „, ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ์ž‘์€ ๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ 
01:03
when I came across a little secret that we have in Britain.
20
63894
2798
์ œ ์‚ถ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
It's helped me become more confident about how I bring up my own children,
21
67185
3481
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ 
01:10
and it's revealed a lot about how we as a society can help all children.
22
70690
3409
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
I want to share that secret with you today.
23
74624
2178
์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
For the last 70 years,
24
77948
1937
์ง€๋‚œ 70๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
01:19
scientists in Britain have been following thousands of children through their lives
25
79909
4477
์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ
01:24
as part of an incredible scientific study.
26
84410
2004
์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋ช…์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์ถ”์ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
There's nothing quite like it anywhere else in the world.
27
87291
2700
์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋””์—๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
Collecting information on thousands of children
28
90732
2192
์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋ช… ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:32
is a really powerful thing to do,
29
92948
1573
๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
because it means we can compare the ones who say,
30
94545
2287
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋ฒ”์ƒ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์•„์ด ๋˜๋Š”
01:36
do well at school or end up healthy or happy or wealthy as adults,
31
96856
3410
๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ž€ ์•„์ด์™€
01:40
and the ones who struggle much more,
32
100290
1788
๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํž˜๋“ค๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
and then we can sift through all the information we've collected
33
102102
3001
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๋ชจ์•˜๋˜ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ถ”๋ ค๋‚ด์–ด
01:45
and try to work out why their lives turned out different.
34
105127
2900
์™œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
This British study -- it's actually a kind of crazy story.
35
108051
2956
์ด ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”, ์†”์งํžˆ ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
01:51
So it all starts back in 1946,
36
111031
2405
์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ 1946๋…„
01:53
just a few months after the end of the war,
37
113460
2241
์ „์Ÿ์ด ๋๋‚œ์ง€ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
when scientists wanted to know
38
115725
1431
ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ๋•Œ ๋‹น์‹œ
01:57
what it was like for a woman to have a baby at the time.
39
117180
2795
์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
They carried out this huge survey of mothers
40
120572
2407
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์—„๋งˆ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
02:03
and ended up recording the birth of nearly every baby
41
123003
2945
์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ, ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ์™€ ์›จ์ผ์Šค์—์„œ
02:05
born in England, Scotland and Wales in one week.
42
125972
2563
ํ•œ ์ฃผ์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์•„๊ธฐ์˜ ์ถœ์ƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
That was nearly 14,000 babies.
43
128947
2384
๊ฑฐ์˜ 14,000๋ช…์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์˜€์ฃ .
02:12
The questions they asked these women
44
132324
1763
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
02:14
are very different than the ones we might ask today.
45
134111
2462
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋‹ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
They sound really old-fashioned now.
46
136597
1726
์ง€๊ธˆ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ตฌ์‹์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚„ ๋ฒ• ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:18
They asked them things like,
47
138347
1335
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
"During pregnancy,
48
139706
1206
"์ž„์‹  ์ค‘์—
02:20
did you get your full extra ration of a pint of milk a day?"
49
140936
3109
1ํŒŒ์ธํŠธ์˜ ์šฐ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋งค์ผ ์„ญ์ทจํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?"
02:25
"How much did you spend on smocks, corsets,
50
145276
3318
"์ž„๋ถ€๋ณต, ์ฝ”๋ฅด์…‹, ์—ฌ์„ฑ์šฉ ์ž ์˜ท
02:28
nightdresses, knickers and brassieres?"
51
148618
2919
์†๋ฐ”์ง€์™€ ๋ธŒ๋ž˜์ง€์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?"
02:32
And this is my favorite one:
52
152658
1567
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
02:34
"Who looked after your husband while you were in bed with this baby?"
53
154249
3252
"๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•„์ด์™€ ์นจ๋Œ€์— ์žˆ์„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚จํŽธ์„ ์ฑ™๊ฒจ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
02:37
(Laughter)
54
157525
4519
(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:42
Now, this wartime study actually ended up being so successful
55
162068
3395
์ด ์ „์Ÿ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€
02:45
that scientists did it again.
56
165487
1769
๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
They recorded the births of thousands of babies born in 1958
57
167280
3339
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 1958๋…„์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ๊ณ 
02:50
and thousands more in 1970.
58
170643
1924
1970๋…„์— ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
They did it again in the early 1990s,
59
172916
2002
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๋˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹คํ–‰ํ—€๊ณ 
02:54
and again at the turn of the millennium.
60
174942
2048
2000๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ์— ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋” ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
Altogether, more than 70,000 children have been involved in these studies
61
177014
3666
ํ•ฉ์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉด, 7๋งŒ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์•„๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ์…ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
across those five generations.
62
180704
2013
๋‹ค์„ฏ ์„ธ๋Œ€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ์„œ์š”.
03:02
They're called the British birth cohorts,
63
182741
2191
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ ์ถœ์ƒ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ ธ๊ณ 
03:04
and scientists have gone back and recorded more information
64
184956
2763
๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ
03:07
on all of these people every few years ever since.
65
187743
2349
์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์‹œ์ž‘ ์ด๋ž˜ ๋ช‡๋…„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
The amount of information that's now been collected on these people
66
190911
3176
์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์–‘์€
03:14
is just completely mind-boggling.
67
194111
1580
์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
It includes thousands of paper questionnaires
68
195715
2190
์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ์žฅ์˜ ์„œ๋ฅ˜ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€์™€
03:17
and terabytes' worth of computer data.
69
197929
1867
์ˆ˜ ํ…Œ๋ผ๋ฐ”์ดํŠธ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
Scientists have also built up a huge bank of tissue samples,
70
200293
2826
๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์กฐ์ง ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋“ค๋กœ ์ด๋ค„์ง„ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์€ํ–‰์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
03:23
which includes locks of hair, nail clippings, baby teeth and DNA.
71
203143
4480
๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฝ๊ณผ ์†ํ†ฑ, ์ –๋‹ˆ์™€ DNA๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
They've even collected 9,000 placentas from some of the births,
72
208318
4555
์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒ ์ค‘ 9,000๋ช…์˜ ํƒœ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•ด
03:32
which are now pickled in plastic buckets in a secure storage warehouse.
73
212897
4314
๋ณด์•ˆ ์ฐฝ๊ณ  ์•ˆ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ํ†ต์— ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
This whole project has become unique --
74
218384
1896
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•ด์กŒ๊ณ 
03:40
so, no other country in the world is tracking generations of children
75
220304
3336
์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋””์—๋„ ์ˆ˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„
03:43
in quite this detail.
76
223664
1336
์ด์ •๋„๋กœ ์ž์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
These are some of the best-studied people on the planet,
77
225589
3031
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ์„œ
03:48
and the data has become incredibly valuable for scientists,
78
228644
3104
๊ทธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” 6,000๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ•™์ˆ  ๋…ผ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์ฑ…์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ •๋„๋กœ
03:51
generating well over 6,000 academic papers and books.
79
231772
3294
๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๊ฐ€์น˜์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
But today I want to focus on just one finding --
80
236525
2859
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์•„๋งˆ ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ
03:59
perhaps the most important discovery to come from this remarkable study.
81
239408
4334
๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด๋ณด๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
And it's also the one that spoke to me personally,
82
243766
2338
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
because it's about how to use science to do the best for our children.
83
246128
3314
์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ตœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณผํ•™์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:10
So, let's get the bad news out of the way first.
84
250408
2797
๋‚˜์œ ์†Œ์‹๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋จผ์ € ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
04:14
Perhaps the biggest message from this remarkable study is this:
85
254026
3055
์ด ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
04:17
don't be born into poverty or into disadvantage,
86
257957
3215
๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ๋งˆ๋ผ.
04:21
because if you are,
87
261196
1214
๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:22
you're far more likely to walk a difficult path in life.
88
262434
2685
์–ด๋ ค์šด ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
04:25
Many children in this study were born into poor families
89
265923
2882
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ง‘์•ˆ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:28
or into working-class families that had cramped homes or other problems,
90
268829
4327
๋น„์ข๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ž ๊ณ„์ธต ์ง‘์•ˆ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
and it's clear now that those disadvantaged children
91
273180
2478
์ด ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆ˜์น˜์—์„œ
04:35
have been more likely to struggle on almost every score.
92
275682
3092
๋’ค์ณ์งˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
They've been more likely to do worse at school,
93
278798
2350
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋’ค์ณ์ง€๊ณ 
04:41
to end up with worse jobs and to earn less money.
94
281172
2755
๋ณ€๋ณ€์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ง์žฅ์„ ์–ป์–ด ์ ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
Now, maybe that sounds really obvious,
95
283951
2007
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ
04:45
but some of the results have been really surprising,
96
285982
2695
๋ช‡๋ช‡์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
so children who had a tough start in life
97
288701
1953
์‚ถ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํž˜๋“ค๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„์˜จ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€
04:50
are also more likely to end up unhealthy as adults.
98
290678
2504
์–ด๋ฅธ์ด ๋˜์–ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
They're more likely to be overweight,
99
293545
1767
๊ณผ์ฒด์ค‘์ด ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:55
to have high blood pressure,
100
295336
1335
๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์ด ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๊ณ 
04:56
and then decades down the line,
101
296695
2093
์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋…„ ํ›„์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ต๋ ฅ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’๊ณ 
04:58
more likely to have a failing memory, poor health and even to die earlier.
102
298812
4373
๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด ์•ˆ์ข‹๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ผ์ฐ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
Now, I talked about what happens later,
103
305597
2913
์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋’ค ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ผ๋“ค์„ ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:08
but some of these differences emerge at a really shockingly early age.
104
308534
3317
์–ด๋–ค ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
In one study,
105
312221
1288
ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ
05:13
children who were growing up in poverty
106
313533
1895
๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ž€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€
05:15
were almost a year behind the richer children on educational tests,
107
315452
3861
ํ’์กฑํ•œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ•™์—…์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 1๋…„์ด ๋’ค์ณ์กŒ๊ณ 
05:19
and that was by the age of just three.
108
319337
1914
์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์„ธ์‚ด์ด๋ฉด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
These types of differences have been found again and again across the generations.
109
322319
3858
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ์ˆ˜์—†์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
It means that our early circumstances have a profound influence
110
326201
3270
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ฆด๋•Œ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋‚จ์€ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์—
05:29
on the way that the rest of our lives play out.
111
329495
2645
๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ
05:32
And working out why that is
112
332164
1430
๊ทธ ์›์ธ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€
05:33
is one of the most difficult questions that we face today.
113
333618
2820
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
So there we have it.
114
337653
1657
์ž, ์ด์ œ ์•Œ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
05:39
The first lesson for successful life, everyone, is this:
115
339334
2676
์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์‚ถ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ตํ›ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
choose your parents very carefully.
116
342034
1856
๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์„ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ฅด์„ธ์š”
05:43
(Laughter)
117
343914
1001
05:44
Don't be born into a poor family or into a struggling family.
118
344939
3052
(์›ƒ์Œ)
๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํž˜๋“  ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
05:49
Now, I'm sure you can see the small problem here.
119
349189
2737
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
We can't choose our parents or how much they earn,
120
351950
3438
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
but this British study has also struck a real note of optimism
121
355412
3229
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
by showing that not everyone who has a disadvantaged start
122
358665
3351
์‹œ์ž‘๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถˆ์ด์ต์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
06:02
ends up in difficult circumstances.
123
362040
2595
์ „๋ถ€ ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
06:05
As you know, many people have a tough start in life,
124
365166
2453
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ํž˜๋“ค์ง€๋งŒ
06:07
but they end up doing very well on some measure nevertheless,
125
367643
2859
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
and this study starts to explain how.
126
370526
1791
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
So the second lesson is this:
127
373157
2101
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ตํ›ˆ์€ ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
parents really matter.
128
375282
1825
๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
06:17
In this study,
129
377727
1151
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
06:18
children who had engaged, interested parents,
130
378902
2118
๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ด์ •์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ณผ
06:21
ones who had ambition for their future,
131
381044
2064
์• ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€
06:23
were more likely to escape from a difficult start.
132
383132
2834
์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ณ ๋‚œ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
It seems that parents and what they do are really, really important,
133
385990
4025
๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
especially in the first few years of life.
134
390039
2104
ํŠนํžˆ ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ์š”
06:32
Let me give you an example of that.
135
392747
1668
์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
06:34
In one study,
136
394439
1194
์–ด๋–ค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ
06:35
scientists looked at about 17,000 children who were born in 1970.
137
395657
4056
๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ 1970๋…„์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ 17,000๋ช…์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
They sifted all the mountains of data that they had collected
138
400599
2947
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ํž˜๋“  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ž๋ž€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด
06:43
to try to work out
139
403570
1227
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€
06:44
what allowed the children who'd had a difficult start in life
140
404821
2881
๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค
06:47
to go on and do well at school nevertheless.
141
407726
2123
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ…์ƒ…์ด ํŒŒํ—ค์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
In other words, which ones beat the odds.
142
409873
2353
์ฆ‰ ์–ด๋–ค ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด๊ธฐ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ์š”.
06:52
The data showed that what mattered more than anything else was parents.
143
412250
3747
๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
Having engaged, interested parents in those first few years of life
144
416021
3598
ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ช‡๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ด๊ณ  ์• ์ •์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
06:59
was strongly linked to children going on to do well at school later on.
145
419643
3707
์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ผ์„œ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊นŠ์€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
In fact, quite small things that parents do
146
424058
2966
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ, ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์ผ์ง€๋ผ๋„
07:07
are associated with good outcomes for children.
147
427048
2478
๋ถ€๋ชจ๋Š” ์•„์ด์˜ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
Talking and listening to a child,
148
430190
1905
์•„์ด์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ๊ณ 
07:12
responding to them warmly,
149
432119
1904
๋”ฐ๋œปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๊ณ 
07:14
teaching them their letters and numbers,
150
434047
1968
๊ธ€์ž์™€ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์ฃผ๊ณ 
07:16
taking them on trips and visits.
151
436039
1672
์•„์ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๋– ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ.
07:17
Reading to children every day seems to be really important, too.
152
437735
3017
๋งค์ผ ์•„์ด์—๊ฒŒ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
So in one study,
153
441324
1388
ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š”
07:22
children whose parents were reading to them daily when they were five
154
442736
3287
๋‹ค์„ฏ ์‚ด ๋•Œ ๋งค์ผ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์–ด์ฃผ๊ณ 
07:26
and then showing an interest in their education at the age of 10,
155
446047
3049
10๋Œ€ ๋•Œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํ•™์—…์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ธ ์•„์ด๋Š”
07:29
were significantly less likely to be in poverty at the age of 30
156
449120
4021
30๋Œ€ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•ด์งˆ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด
07:33
than those whose parents weren't doing those things.
157
453165
2592
๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
Now, there are huge challenges with interpreting this type of science.
158
456931
4041
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—” ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๊ณผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
These studies show that certain things that parents do
159
461501
2655
์•ž์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€
07:44
are correlated with good outcomes for children,
160
464180
2362
์•„์ด์˜ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ง€๋งŒ
07:46
but we don't necessarily know those behaviors caused the good outcomes,
161
466566
3413
๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๋Š”์ง€๋‚˜
07:50
or whether some other factor is getting in the way.
162
470003
2382
์–ด๋–ค ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
For example, we have to take genes into account,
163
472409
2245
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์œ ์ „์ž๋„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
07:54
and that's a whole other talk in itself.
164
474678
2147
์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
07:57
But scientists working with this British study
165
477309
2223
๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
07:59
are working really hard to get at causes,
166
479556
2166
์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ€๋‹จํžˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ๊ณ 
08:01
and this is one study I particularly love.
167
481746
2021
๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํŠนํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
In this one,
168
483791
1182
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ
08:04
they looked at the bedtime routines of about 10,000 children
169
484997
2867
ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ 2000๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ 10,000๋ช…์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ
08:07
born at the turn of the millennium.
170
487888
1792
์ž ์ž๊ธฐ ์ „ ์ผ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
Were the children going to bed at regular times,
171
489704
2329
๊ด€์ฐฐ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘์—, ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ž ์„ ์žค์„๊นŒ์š”.
08:12
or did they go to bed at different times during the week?
172
492057
2898
์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋งค์ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ž๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:14
The data showed that those children who were going to bed at different times
173
494979
3573
์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ž ๋“  ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด
08:18
were more likely to have behavioral problems,
174
498576
2373
ํ–‰๋™ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์œผ๋ฉฐ
08:20
and then those that switched to having regular bedtimes
175
500973
2709
์ด์— ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ž๋„๋ก ๋ฐ”๊พผ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€
08:23
often showed an improvement in behavior,
176
503706
2386
ํ–‰๋™์— ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
and that was really crucial,
177
506116
1356
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
08:27
because it suggested it was the bedtime routines
178
507496
2272
์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ˜ธ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ
08:29
that were really helping things get better for those kids.
179
509792
2715
์ž ์ž๊ธฐ ์ „ ์ผ๊ณผ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:33
Here's another one to think about.
180
513081
1621
์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋งŒํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
08:34
In this one,
181
514726
1158
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ
08:35
scientists looked at children who were reading for pleasure.
182
515908
2891
๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค
08:38
That means that they picked up a magazine, a picture book, a story book.
183
518823
4053
์ฆ‰ ์žก์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ฑ…, ๋™ํ™”์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
The data showed that children who were reading for pleasure
184
523626
2773
์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
08:46
at the ages of five and 10
185
526423
2260
5~10์„ธ ๋•Œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€
08:48
were more likely to go on in school better, on average,
186
528707
2896
ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ƒํ™œํ•˜๊ณ 
08:51
on school tests later in their lives.
187
531627
1971
์ดํ›„์— ํ•™๊ต ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ž˜ ๋ณผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ
08:53
And not just tests of reading,
188
533622
1705
์ฝ๊ธฐ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:55
but tests of spelling and maths as well.
189
535351
2140
์ฒ ์ž์™€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์—์„œ๋„ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
This study tried to control for all the confounding factors,
190
538325
2810
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•ด
09:01
so it looked at children who were equally intelligent
191
541159
2484
๋™์ผํ•œ ์ง€์ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ
09:03
and from the same social-class background,
192
543667
2032
๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ๊ณ 
09:05
so it seemed as if it was the reading which really helped those children
193
545723
3383
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ดํ›„์— ํ•™๊ต์— ์ž˜ ์ ์‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:09
go on and score better on those school tests later in their lives.
194
549130
3143
์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ ์„ ๋‚ด๋„๋ก ๋„์›€์„ ์ค€ ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
Now at the start,
195
553597
1150
์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ
09:14
I said the first lesson from this study
196
554771
1949
์ €๋Š” ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ตํ›ˆ์ด
09:16
was not to be born into poverty or into disadvantage,
197
556744
2548
๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ๋ง๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
because those children tend to follow more difficult paths in their lives.
198
559316
3552
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ํž˜๋“  ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
09:22
But then I said that parenting matters,
199
562892
2237
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:25
and that good parenting, if you can call it that,
200
565153
2302
์†Œ์œ„ '์ข‹์€ ์œก์•„'๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€๋ฅด์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:27
helps children beat the odds
201
567479
1336
์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•จ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ 
09:28
and overcome some of those early disadvantages.
202
568839
2803
์ด๋ฅธ ์—ญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋”ช๊ณ  ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋„ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:31
So wait,
203
571666
1325
์ž ๊น,
09:33
does that actually mean, then, that poverty doesn't matter after all?
204
573015
3344
๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
09:38
You could argue it doesn't matter if a child is born poor --
205
578036
3012
์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:41
as long as their parents are good parents, they're going to do just fine.
206
581072
3721
์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
I don't believe that's true.
207
584817
1407
์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
This study shows that poverty and parenting matter.
208
586248
2511
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋‚œ๊ณผ ์–‘์œก์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
And one study actually put figures on that,
209
589258
2000
์–ด๋–ค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์—์„œ ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด
09:51
so it looked at children growing up in persistent poverty
210
591282
2699
์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
09:54
and how well they were doing at school.
211
594005
2069
์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
09:56
The data showed
212
596416
1151
์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”
09:57
that even when their parents were doing everything right --
213
597591
2856
์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
10:00
putting them to bed on time
214
600471
1302
๊ทœ์น™์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์žฌ์šฐ๊ณ 
10:01
and reading to them every day and everything else --
215
601797
2437
๋งค์ผ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:04
that only got those children so far.
216
604258
1833
ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
Good parenting only reduced the educational gap
217
606430
2969
์ข‹์€ ์–‘์œก๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ํ’์กฑํ•œ ์•„์ด์™€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์•„์ด์˜
10:09
between the rich and poor children by about 50 percent.
218
609423
3013
ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์  ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์•ฝ 50%๊นŒ์ง€ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
Now that means that poverty leaves a really lasting scar,
219
613292
4151
์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๋ฉฐ
10:17
and it means that if we really want to ensure the success and well-being
220
617467
3382
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๋‹ค์Œ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜
10:20
of the next generation,
221
620873
1437
์„ฑ๊ณต๊ณผ ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:22
then tackling child poverty is an incredibly important thing to do.
222
622334
3888
์•„๋™ ๋นˆ๊ณค๊ณผ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
Now, what does all this mean for you and me?
223
627702
2388
์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€, ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ ?
10:30
Are there lessons here we can all take home and use?
224
630114
2430
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตํ›ˆ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
10:32
As a scientist and a journalist,
225
632568
1530
๊ณผํ•™์ž์ด์ž ๊ธฐ์ž๋กœ์„œ
10:34
I like to have some science to inform my parenting ...
226
634122
2548
์ œ ์–‘์œก ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๊ณผํ•™์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
and I can tell you that when you're shouting at your kids
227
637732
2757
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•„์ด์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ ๋•Œ ์ž ์„ ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์น  ๋•Œ
10:40
to go to bed on time,
228
640513
1260
๊ณผํ•™์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€
10:41
it really helps to have the scientific literature on your side.
229
641797
3032
๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ฃ .
10:44
(Laughter)
230
644853
1019
10:45
And wouldn't it be great to think
231
645896
1603
(์›ƒ์Œ)
์•„์ด์˜ ํ–‰๋ณต๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์€
10:47
that all we had to do to have happy, successful children
232
647523
2709
๊ทธ์ € ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
10:50
was to talk to them, be interested in their future,
233
650256
2699
์ œ๋•Œ ์ž ์— ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฝ์„ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ 
10:52
put them to bed on time, and give them a book to read?
234
652979
2574
์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
10:55
Our job would be done.
235
655577
1150
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์€ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ผ๋ฉด์š”.
10:57
Now, as you can imagine,
236
657189
1469
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜์‹œ๋“ฏ์ด
10:58
the answers aren't quite as simple as that.
237
658682
3209
ํ•ด๋‹ต์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
For one thing, this study looks at what happens
238
661915
2191
ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋กœ๋Š”
11:04
to thousands and thousands of children on average,
239
664130
2421
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
11:06
but that doesn't necessarily say what will help my child or your child
240
666575
3598
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด๋‚˜ ์ œ ์•„์ด, ํ˜น์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด์—๊ฒŒ
11:10
or any individual child.
241
670197
1737
๋„์›€ ๋  ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฑธ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
In the end, each of our children is going to walk their own path,
242
671958
3208
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š”, ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
11:15
and that's partly defined by the genes they inherit
243
675190
2579
์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋Š์ •๋„ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์œ ์ „์ž์™€
11:17
and of course all the experiences they have through their lives,
244
677793
3001
์‚ถ์—์„œ ๊ฒช์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ •ํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
including their interactions with us, their parents.
245
680818
2452
์šฐ๋ฆฌ, ์ฆ‰ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์™€์˜ ๊ต๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ์š”.
11:23
I will tell you what I did after I learned all this.
246
683294
2455
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋’ค ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
It's a bit embarrassing.
247
685773
1150
์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฝ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
11:27
I realized I was so busy working,
248
687772
2473
๋ชจ์ˆœ์ ์ด๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด ์˜๊ตญ ์•„์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ
11:30
and ironically,
249
690269
1159
๋†€๋ผ์šด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์“ฐ๋ฉด์„œ
11:31
learning and writing about this incredible study of British children,
250
691452
3584
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฐ”์˜๊ฒŒ ์ผํ–ˆ๊ณ 
11:35
that there were days when I hardly even spoke to my own British children.
251
695060
3458
์ •์ž‘ ์ œ ์˜๊ตญ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”์กฐ์ฐจ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Œ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
So at home, we introduced talking time,
252
699266
2254
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 15๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ, ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ผ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚˜๊ณ 
11:41
which is just 15 minutes at the end of the day
253
701544
2144
์ง‘์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
when we talk and listen to the boys.
254
703712
2166
์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์ฃ .
11:46
I try better now to ask them what they did today,
255
706527
3311
์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ์„
11:49
and to show that I value what they do at school.
256
709862
2331
์ค‘์š”์‹œ์—ฌ๊ธด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
Of course, I make sure they always have a book to read.
257
712805
2642
๋ฌผ๋ก , ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ฝ์„ ์ฑ…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
11:55
I tell them I'm ambitious for their future,
258
715471
2245
์—„๋งˆ๋Š” ๋„ˆํฌ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ํฐ ๊ฟˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
11:57
and I think they can be happy and do great things.
259
717740
3160
๋„ˆํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
I don't know that any of that will make a difference,
260
721829
2782
์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ์ €๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
but I'm pretty confident it won't do them any harm,
261
724635
2390
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜์ง„ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
and it might even do them some good.
262
727049
1731
ํ˜น์‹œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋„์›€์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋  ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
12:09
Ultimately, if we want happy children,
263
729555
2844
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:12
all we can do is listen to the science,
264
732423
2040
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๊ท€ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ณ 
12:14
and of course,
265
734487
1166
๋ฌผ๋ก 
12:15
listen to our children themselves.
266
735677
1826
์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
12:17
Thank you.
267
737527
1154
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7