Juan Enriquez: Will our kids be a different species?

Translator: Timothy Covell Reviewer: Morton Bast

Translator: egzon s Reviewer: Fitore Fazliu

All right. So, like all good stories,

Ne rregull. Si te gjitha ngjarjet e mira,

this starts a long, long time ago

kjo fillon qe prej shume kohesh,

when there was basically nothing.

kur nuk gjindej asgje perreth.

So here is a complete picture of the universe

Ja se si eshte imazhi i kompletuar i universit

about 14-odd billion years ago.

para pothuajse 14 miliarde viteve.

All energy is concentrated into a single point of energy.

E gjithe energjia ishte e permbledhur ne nje pike te vetme te energjise.

For some reason it explodes,

Ajo shperthen per nje lloj arsyeje.

and you begin to get these things.

dhe ti fillon te jesh pjese e ketyre gjerave.

So you're now about 14 billion years into this.

Ja pra, je pjese e kesaj qe prej 14 miliarde viteve.

And these things expand and expand and expand

Dhe keto gjera zmadhohen e zmadhohen e zmadhohen

into these giant galaxies,

ne galaksi gjigante

and you get trillions of them.

dhe formohen bilionat e tyre.

And within these galaxies

Dhe brenda ketyre galaksive

you get these enormous dust clouds.

verehen keto re te medha pluhuri.

And I want you to pay particular attention

Dhe dua qe ju t'i kushtoni vemendje te vecante

to the three little prongs

atyre tri degezimeve te vogla

in the center of this picture.

ne qender te fotografise.

If you take a close-up of those,

Nese i sheh me afer

they look like this.

ato duken keshtu.

And what you're looking at is columns of dust

Dhe tani ju jeni duke shikuar kolona pluhuri

where there's so much dust --

ku ka me te vertete shume pluhur

by the way, the scale of this is a trillion vertical miles --

meqenese ra fjala, ato jane te gjata nje bilion milje vertikalisht.

and what's happening is there's so much dust,

dhe ajo cfare ndodh eshte se aty ka aq shume pluhur

it comes together and it fuses

i cili grumbullohet dhe shperthen

and ignites a thermonuclear reaction.

dhe nxit nje reaksion termonuklear.

And so what you're watching

Ajo cfare ju po shikoni tani

is the birth of stars.

eshte se si yjet lindin.

These are stars being born out of here.

Keto jane yjet te cilat formohen nga ketu.

When enough stars come out,

Kur ka yje te mjaftueshme qe dalin nga ketu,

they create a galaxy.

ato me pas krijojne nje galaksi.

This one happens to be a particularly important galaxy,

Kjo tani eshte nje galaksi shume e rendesishme

because you are here.

sepse ju jeni ketu.

(Laughter)

(Te qeshura)

And as you take a close-up of this galaxy,

Dhe duke iu afruar kesaj galaksie,

you find a relatively normal,

ju gjeni nje yll

not particularly interesting star.

relativisht jo shume interesant.

By the way, you're now about two-thirds of the way into this story.

Meqe ra fjala, ju jeni pothuajse 2/3-tat me afer kesaj storieje.

So this star doesn't even appear

Pra, ky yll nuk paraqitet fare

until about two-thirds of the way into this story.

deri tek 2/3-tat e ketij rrugetimi.

And then what happens

Dhe ajo cfare ndodh me pas

is there's enough dust left over

eshte se ka mjaft pluhur te mbetur

that it doesn't ignite into a star,

sa qe nuk formon nje yll

it becomes a planet.

por behet nje planet.

And this is about a little over four billion years ago.

Dhe kjo ndodhi pak me shume se 4 miliarde vite me pare.

And soon thereafter

Dhe pas nje kohe

there's enough material left over

ka ende material te mbetur

that you get a primordial soup,

qe mundeson te marresh nje "supe fillestare"

and that creates life.

e cila krijon jete.

And life starts to expand and expand and expand,

Dhe jeta fillon te zgjerohet e zgjerohet e zgjerohet

until it goes kaput.

derisa eshte kaput.

(Laughter)

(Te qeshura)

Now the really strange thing

Ne fakt, gjeja me e cuditshme

is life goes kaput, not once, not twice,

eshte se jeta behet kaput, jo nje here, as dy here,

but five times.

por pese here.

So almost all life on Earth

Kjo i bie qe pothuajse e gjithe jeta ne Toke

is wiped out about five times.

fiket per pothuajse pese here.

And as you're thinking about that,

Perderisa ju e mendoni kete,

what happens is you get more and more complexity,

ajo cfare ndodh eshte se ju merrni me shume kompleksitet

more and more stuff

shume e me shume gjera

to build new things with.

per te ndertuar gjera te reja.

And we don't appear

Ne nuk shfaqemi

until about 99.96 percent of the time into this story,

deri pothuajse 99.96 perqind te kohes

just to put ourselves and our ancestors in perspective.

vetem e vetem qe te veme veten dhe paraardhesit ne perspektive.

So within that context, there's two theories of the case

Brenda ketij konteksti, jane dy teori

as to why we're all here.

qe tregojne se pse jemi ne te gjithe ketu.

The first theory of the case

Teoria e pare

is that's all she wrote.

eshte qe kjo eshte e gjitha qe ajo shkroi.

Under that theory,

Nen ate teori

we are the be-all and end-all

ne jemi te jemi- te gjithe dhe te perfundojme-te gjithe

of all creation.

te te gjithe krijimit.

And the reason for trillions of galaxies,

Arsyeja per biliona galaksi,

sextillions of planets,

dhe shume planeteve,

is to create something that looks like that

eshte te krijohet dicka qe duket si kjo

and something that looks like that.

dhe dicka qe duket si ajo.

And that's the purpose of the universe;

Dhe ky eshte qellimi i universit;

and then it flat-lines,

kurse me pas sheshohet

it doesn't get any better.

nuk behet me mire.

(Laughter)

(Te qeshura)

The only question you might want to ask yourself is,

Pyetja e vetme qe mund ti beni vetes eshte qe

could that be just mildly arrogant?

a mund te jete kjo shume arrogante?

And if it is --

Dhe nese eshte

and particularly given the fact that we came very close to extinction.

po ashtu duke e marrur parasysh edhe faktin qe ne kemi ardhur shume afer zhdukjes.

There were only about 2,000 of our species left.

Aty kishin mbetur rreth 2,000 te specieve tona.

A few more weeks without rain,

Disa jave me shume pa te reshura shiu,

we would have never seen any of these.

ne nuk do t'i kishim pare kurre keto.

(Laughter)

(Te qeshura)

(Applause)

(Duartrokitje)

So maybe you have to think about a second theory

Ndoshta duhet te mendohet per nje teori te dyte

if the first one isn't good enough.

nese e para nuk eshte aq e mire.

Second theory is: Could we upgrade?

Teoria e dyte eshte qe: A mundemi te permiresohemi?

(Laughter)

(Te qeshura)

Well, why would one ask a question like that?

Po per cfare arsye do ta bente dikush nje pyetje te ketille?

Because there have been at least 29 upgrades so far

Sepse ne fakt vecse jane bere 29 permiresime deri tani

of humanoids.

te njerezve.

So it turns out that we have upgraded.

Si duket ne qenkemi permiresuar.

We've upgraded time and again and again.

Ne jemi permiresuar pa ndalur.

And it turns out that we keep discovering upgrades.

Dhe duket se ne ende vazhdojme te zbulojme permiresime.

We found this one last year.

Ne kemi gjetur nje vitin e kaluar.

We found another one last month.

Ne kemi gjetur nje tjeter muajin e kaluar.

And as you're thinking about this,

Dhe gjate kohes qe e mendon kete

you might also ask the question:

do te mund te pyesesh:

So why a single human species?

Pse nje specie e vetme njerezore?

Wouldn't it be really odd

A s'do te ishte shume cudi

if you went to Africa and Asia and Antarctica

po te shkoje ne Afrike, Azi dhe Antarktike

and found exactly the same bird --

dhe te gjeje zogun e njejte

particularly given that we co-existed at the same time

meqenese ne kemi bashke-ekzistuar ne kohen e njejte

with at least eight other versions of humanoid

me te pakten tete versione te tjera te njerezimit

at the same time on this planet?

ne kohen e njejte ne kete planet?

So the normal state of affairs

Gjendja normale e ketyre puneve

is not to have just a Homo sapiens;

eshte qe jo vetem te kemi Homo sapiens;

the normal state of affairs

gjendje normale

is to have various versions of humans walking around.

eshte te kesh versione te ndryshme te njerezve qe ecin perreth.

And if that is the normal state of affairs,

Dhe nese kjo gje eshte normale

then you might ask yourself,

me pas ju mund ta pyesni veten

all right, so if we want to create something else,

ne rregull pra, meqenese ne deshirojme te krijojme dicka ndryshe,

how big does a mutation have to be?

sa i madh duhet te jete mutacioni?

Well Svante Paabo has the answer.

Svante Paabo e ka pergjigjen,

The difference between humans and Neanderthal

Ndryshimi ne mes te njerezve dhe Neandertaleve

is 0.004 percent of gene code.

eshte 0.004 perqind te kodeve gjenetike.

That's how big the difference is

Ja se sa eshte ndryshimi

one species to another.

i nje qenieje prej nje tjetre.

This explains most contemporary political debates.

Kjo shpjegon debatet me bashkekohore politike.

(Laughter)

(Te qeshura)

But as you're thinking about this,

Por perderisa po e mendoni kete,

one of the interesting things

eshte interesante se sa

is how small these mutations are and where they take place.

te vogla jane keto mutacione dhe ku ato ndodhin.

Difference human/Neanderthal

Ndryshimi njerezor/Neandertal

is sperm and testis,

eshte sperma dhe testis,

smell and skin.

aroma dhe lekura.

And those are the specific genes

Dhe keto jane gjenet e vecanta

that differ from one to the other.

qe dallojne njera me tjetren.

So very small changes can have a big impact.

Qe do te thote se ndryshime te vogla mund te kene nje impakt te madh.

And as you're thinking about this,

Dhe per sa kohe e mendoni kete,

we're continuing to mutate.

ne vazhdimisht ndryshojme.

So about 10,000 years ago by the Black Sea,

Para 10,000 viteve ne Detin e Zi

we had one mutation in one gene

ne kemi perjetuar nje ndryshim ne nje gjen

which led to blue eyes.

qe solli syte e kalter.

And this is continuing and continuing and continuing.

Dhe kjo vazhdon e vazhdon e vazhdon ende.

And as it continues,

Duke vazhduar keshtu

one of the things that's going to happen this year

nje nder gjerat qe do te ndodh sivjet

is we're going to discover the first 10,000 human genomes,

eshte qe ne do t'i zbulojme 10,000 gjenet e para te njeriut

because it's gotten cheap enough to do the gene sequencing.

sepse eshte bere me lire te ndash gjenet ne sekuenca.

And when we find these,

Dhe kur ne t'i gjejme keto

we may find differences.

ne do te hasim ne ndryshime.

And by the way, this is not a debate that we're ready for,

Meqe ra fjala, ky nuk eshte nje debate qe ne jemi te gatshem t'a perballojme

because we have really misused the science in this.

sepse ne e kemi shperdorur shkencen ne kete rast.

In the 1920s, we thought there were major differences between people.

Ne vitet 1920, ne kemi menduar se jemi dallimet me kryesore ndermjet njerezve.

That was partly based on Francis Galton's work.

Duke u bazuar kryesisht ne punen e Francis Galton.

He was Darwin's cousin.

Ai ishte kusheriri i Darwin-it.

But the U.S., the Carnegie Institute,

Por Shtetet e Bashkuara, Instituti i Carnegie,

Stanford, American Neurological Association

Stanford, Shoqata Amerikane e Neurologjise

took this really far.

e lartesoi edhe me shume.

That got exported and was really misused.

E perhapi dhe nuk e perdori ashtu sic duhej.

In fact, it led to some absolutely horrendous

Ne fakt, beri qe njerezit te

treatment of human beings.

trajtoheshin si te tmerrshem.

So since the 1940s, we've been saying there are no differences,

Qe nga vitet 1940, ne kemi thene vazhdimisht qe nuk ka dallime

we're all identical.

qe ne jemi identike.

We're going to know at year end if that is true.

Kete do ta kuptojme ne fund te vitit nese eshte e vertete.

And as we think about that,

Gjate kohes qe e mendojme kete,

we're actually beginning to find things

ne jemi ne zbulim te gjerave te reja,

like, do you have an ACE gene?

si p.sh, a ke ti nje gjen ACE?

Why would that matter?

Por c'rendesi ka?

Because nobody's ever climbed an 8,000-meter peak without oxygen

Sepse asnjehere askush nuk eshte ngjitur ne 8,000 lartesi pa oksigjen

that doesn't have an ACE gene.

qe nuk e ka nje gjen ACE.

And if you want to get more specific,

Po te behemi edhe me specifike,

how about a 577R genotype?

po tipi gjenetik i quajtur 577R?

Well it turns out that every male Olympic power athelete ever tested

Sic duket, cdo sportist Olimpik i testuar

carries at least one of these variants.

posedon nje prej ketyre varianteve.

If that is true,

Nese kjo eshte e vertete,

it leads to some very complicated questions

na ben te kemi pyetje te komplikuara

for the London Olympics.

per Olimpiaden e Londres.

Three options:

Tri opsione:

Do you want the Olympics to be a showcase

A deshironi qe Olimpiada te jete nje vitrine

for really hardworking mutants?

per mutante punetore?

(Laughter)

(Te qeshura)

Option number two:

Opsioni i dyte:

Why don't we play it like golf or sailing?

Pse nuk luajme sikur ne golf apo lundrim?

Because you have one and you don't have one,

Sepse ti e ke dhe nuk e ke ate

I'll give you a tenth of a second head start.

Do te te jap te dhjetat e sekondit per te filluar.

Version number three:

Versioni i trete:

Because this is a naturally occurring gene

Meqenese ky eshte nje gjen qe zhvillohet natyrshem

and you've got it and you didn't pick the right parents,

ti e ke dhe nuk ke zgjedhur prinderit e duhur,

you get the right to upgrade.

ti fiton te drejten per tu permiresuar.

Three different options.

Tri opsione te ndryshme.

If these differences are the difference

Nese te gjitha keto dallime jane ndryshim

between an Olympic medal and a non-Olympic medal.

ne mes te nje medalje Olimpike dhe nje medalje jo-Olimpike.

And it turns out that as we discover these things,

Verehet se perderisa ne zbulojme gjera te reja

we human beings really like to change

neve si qenie njerezore na pelqen shume te ndryshojme

how we look, how we act,

menyren se si dukemi, si sillemi

what our bodies do.

dhe cfare trupat tane bejne.

And we had about 10.2 million plastic surgeries in the United States,

Ne kemi pasur 10.2 milion intervenime plastike ne Shtetet e Bashkuara

except that with the technologies that are coming online today,

vetem se me teknologjine e sotme online,

today's corrections, deletions,

korrigjimet e sotme, fshirjet,

augmentations and enhancements

arsyetimet dhe zhvillimi

are going to seem like child's play.

do te duken sikur nje loje femijesh.

You already saw the work by Tony Atala on TED,

Ju vec e keni pare punen e Tony Atala ne TED,

but this ability to start filling

por kjo aftesi per ti mbushur gjerat

things like inkjet cartridges with cells

me qeliza sikur te ishin bobina bojerash

are allowing us to print skin, organs

na lejon neve te printojme lekure, organe

and a whole series of other body parts.

dhe nje seri te kompletuar te pjeseve te tjera trupore.

And as these technologies go forward,

Perderisa keto teknologji perparojne,

you keep seeing this, you keep seeing this, you keep seeing things --

ti sheh kete, ti sheh kete, ti vazhdon te shohesh gjera

2000, human genome sequence --

2000, sekuenca gjenetike njerezore

and it seems like nothing's happening,

dhe na duket sikur asgje s'eshte duke ndodhur.

until it does.

derisa ndodh pastaj.

And we may just be in some of these weeks.

Dhe ne ka shanse qe te jemi ne disa prej ketyre javeve.

And as you're thinking about

Gjersa e mendoni

these two guys sequencing a human genome in 2000

keta dy persona qe ndane nje gjen te njeriut ne vitin 2000

and the Public Project sequencing the human genome in 2000,

dhe Projekti Publik qe ndau nje gjen ne vitin 2000

then you don't hear a lot,

ateher s'ke degjuar mjaft

until you hear about an experiment last year in China,

derisa degjon per nje eksperiment qe u be vitin e kaluar ne Kine,

where they take skin cells from this mouse,

ata marrin qeliza trupore te nje miu,

put four chemicals on it,

vene 4 kemikale mbi to,

turn those skin cells into stem cells,

i shnderrojne ato qeliza trupore ne qeliza trungu,

let the stem cells grow

i lene qelizat te rriten

and create a full copy of that mouse.

dhe krijojne nje kopje te plote te atij miu.

That's a big deal.

Kjo do te thote shume.

Because in essence

Esencialisht

what it means is you can take a cell,

merret nje qelize

which is a pluripotent stem cell,

qe eshte nje qelize qe ndryshon

which is like a skier at the top of a mountain,

qe duket si nje skiator ne maje te malit,

and those two skiers become two pluripotent stem cells,

dhe keta dy skiatore behen qeliza trungu

four, eight, 16,

4,8,16

and then it gets so crowded

dhe behen aq shume sa qe

after 16 divisions

pas 16 percarjeve

that those cells have to differentiate.

ato qeliza duhet te ndryshojne.

So they go down one side of the mountain,

Keshtu, ata shkojne poshte nje ane te malit,

they go down another.

ato shkojne poshte ne nje ane tjeter.

And as they pick that,

Derisa ata jane aty

these become bone,

keto behen eshtra,

and then they pick another road and these become platelets,

pastaj ata zgjedhin nje rruge tjeter dhe keto behen pllakeza

and these become macrophages,

keto behen makrofage

and these become T cells.

dhe keto behen qeliza T me pas.

But it's really hard, once you ski down,

Por eshte shume veshtire, qe gjersa je duke skijuar poshte

to get back up.

te ngjitesh prape larte.

Unless, of course, if you have a ski lift.

Vetem nese, natyrisht, ke nje teleferik.

And what those four chemicals do

Ajo cfare bejne ato 4 kemikale eshte qe

is they take any cell

marrin cfaredolloj qelize

and take it way back up the mountain

dhe e vendosin prape larte ne mal

so it can become any body part.

qe te mund te behet nje pjese trupore.

And as you think of that,

Gjersa e mendoni kete,

what it means is potentially

ajo cfare kjo do te thote eshte se

you can rebuild a full copy

ti mund te rikrijosh nje kopje te plote

of any organism

te cfaredolloj organizmi

out of any one of its cells.

nga cfaredolloj qeliza qe gjinden aty.

That turns out to be a big deal

Kjo do te thote shume

because now you can take, not just mouse cells,

sepse tani ti mund te marresh, jo vetem qeliza miu,

but you can human skin cells

por poashtu edhe qeliza njeriu

and turn them into human stem cells.

dhe ti besh qeliza njerezore trungu.

And then what they did in October

Pastaj, ne tetor,

is they took skin cells, turned them into stem cells

ata morren qeliza te lekures, i shnderruan ne qeliza trungu

and began to turn them into liver cells.

dhe filluan ti kthejne ne qeliza te melcise.

So in theory,

Ne teori,

you could grow any organ from any one of your cells.

ti mund te rrisesh cfaredo organi nga cfaredolloj qelize te trupit tend.

Here's a second experiment:

Ja edhe nje eksperiment tjeter:

If you could photocopy your body,

Nese do te ishte e mundur te fotokopjoje trupin tend

maybe you also want to take your mind.

ndoshta do te kishe deshire ta merrje edhe mendjen tende.

And one of the things you saw at TED

Dhe nje nder gjerat qe ju pate ne TED

about a year and a half ago

nje vite e gjysme me pare,

was this guy.

ishte ky njeri.

And he gave a wonderful technical talk.

I cili dha nje fjalim teknik te mrekullueshem.

He's a professor at MIT.

Ai eshte profesor ne MIT.

But in essence what he said

Ajo cfare ai tha

is you can take retroviruses,

eshte qe mund te marresh retroviruset,

which get inside brain cells of mice.

te cilat hyjne brenda qeliza te trurit te minjve.

You can tag them with proteins

Mund ti dallosh ne baze te proteinave

that light up when you light them.

qe ndizen kur ti i ndez ato.

And you can map the exact pathways

Ti mund te krijosh skema te rrugeve te sakta

when a mouse sees, feels, touches,

ne baze te te cilave nje mi sheh, ndjen, prek

remembers, loves.

kujton, dashuron.

And then you can take a fiber optic cable

Me pas ti e merr nje kabllo optike si fiber

and light up some of the same things.

dhe ndez disa prej atyre gjerave.

And by the way, as you do this,

Gjersa ti je duke e bere kete,

you can image it in two colors,

mund ta perfytyrosh ne dy ngjyra

which means you can download this information

qe nenkupton se mund ta shkarkosh kete informacion

as binary code directly into a computer.

si kod dyjor ne nje kompjuter.

So what's the bottom line on that?

Por, c'do te thote e gjitha kjo?

Well it's not completely inconceivable

Nuk eshte totalisht e paperfytyrueshme

that someday you'll be able to download your own memories,

qe nje dite ti do te mundesh te shkarkosh kujtimet e tua personale

maybe into a new body.

ne nje trup te ri.

And maybe you can upload other people's memories as well.

dhe ndoshta mund te shkarkosh edhe kujtimet e njerezve te tjere poashtu.

And this might have just one or two

Kjo mund te kete vetem nje apo dy

small ethical, political, moral implications.

nderlikime te vogla etike, politike e morale.

(Laughter)

(Te qeshura)

Just a thought.

Ishte vetem nje mendim.

Here's the kind of questions

Keto jane llojet e pyetjeve

that are becoming interesting questions

qe po behen pyetje me interesante

for philosophers, for governing people,

per filozofet, njerez te pushtetshem,

for economists, for scientists.

per ekonomiste, dhe per shkencetare.

Because these technologies are moving really quickly.

Sepse keto teknologji jane duke levizur shume shpejte.

And as you think about it,

Perderisa e mendon kete,

let me close with an example of the brain.

me lejoni ta perfundoj me nje shembull per trurin.

The first place where you would expect

Vendi i pare ku ju do te

to see enormous evolutionary pressure today,

shihnit nje presion te madh evolucionar sot,

both because of the inputs,

edhe per shkak te te dhenave

which are becoming massive,

te cilat po behen masive,

and because of the plasticity of the organ,

por edhe per shkak te plasticitetit te organit

is the brain.

eshte truri.

Do we have any evidence that that is happening?

A kemi ne evidence se kjo aktualisht ndodhe?

Well let's take a look at something like autism incidence per thousand.

Le te shohim se si zhvillohet autizmi per nje mijevjecar.

Here's what it looks like in 2000.

Ja se si duket ne vitin 2000.

Here's what it looks like in 2002,

Ja se si duket ne vitin 2002.

2006, 2008.

2006,2008.

Here's the increase in less than a decade.

Kjo eshte rritja e autizmit ne me pak se nje dekade.

And we still don't know why this is happening.

Dhe ne ende nuk e dime se perse po ndodhe.

What we do know is, potentially,

Ajo se cfare ne dime eshte se

the brain is reacting in

truri po reagon

a hyperactive, hyper-plastic way,

ne nje menyre hiperaktive, hiper-plastike

and creating individuals that are like this.

dhe po krijon njerez te ketille.

And this is only one of the conditions that's out there.

Dhe kjo eshte vetem nje nder kushtet qe dihet.

You've also got people with who are extraordinarily smart,

Ekzistojne edhe njerez te cilet jane jashtezakonisht te mencur,

people who can remember everything they've seen in their lives,

njerez te cilet mbajne ne mend gjithcka qe kane pare ne jeten e tyre,

people who've got synesthesia,

njerez te cilet kane sinestezi,

people who've got schizophrenia.

njerez qe kane shizofreni.

You've got all kinds of stuff going on out there,

Aq shume gjera ndodhin perreth nesh,

and we still don't understand

dhe ne ende nuk kuptojme

how and why this is happening.

se si dhe pse kjo ndodh.

But one question you might want to ask is,

Nje pyetje qe mund ta benit eshte kjo qe

are we seeing a rapid evolution of the brain

a jemi ne duke pare nje evoluim te shpejte te trurit

and of how we process data?

dhe se si ne procesojme te dhenat?

Because when you think of how much data's coming into our brains,

Sepse kur e mendon se sa te dhena vijne ne tru,

we're trying to take in as much data in a day

dhe se sa mundohemi ne qe te kemi edhe me shume

as people used to take in in a lifetime.

ne krahasim me te dhenat qe te tjeret marrin ne interval jetesor.

And as you're thinking about this,

Dhe perderisa ju e mendoni kete,

there's four theories as to why this might be going on,

ekzistojne 4 teori qe shpjegojne se si mund te ndodh kjo,

plus a whole series of others.

plus plot seri te tjera.

I don't have a good answer.

Nuk kam nje pergjigje te duhur.

There really needs to be more research on this.

Duhet te kete edhe me shume hulumtim rreth kesaj.

One option is the fast food fetish.

Nje opsion mund te ishte admirimi i ushqimit te shpejte.

There's beginning to be some evidence

Verehet se ka fakte qe tregojne se

that obesity and diet

dhjamosja dhe dieta

have something to do

kane te bejne

with gene modifications,

me modifikime gjenetike

which may or may not have an impact

te cilat mund te kene ose jo, nje impakt

on how the brain of an infant works.

ne menyren se si truri i nje femije funksionon.

A second option is the sexy geek option.

Opsioni i dyte eshte nje opsion seksi i nje eksperti.

These conditions are highly rare.

Keto kushte jane te rralla.

(Laughter)

(Te qeshura)

(Applause)

(Duartrokitje)

But what's beginning to happen

Ajo cfare po ndodhe momentalisht

is because these geeks are all getting together,

eshte qe te gjithe ekspertet po behen bashke,

because they are highly qualified for computer programming

meqenese jane te kualifikuar per programime kompjuterike

and it is highly remunerated,

eshte shperblehet mjaft mire,

as well as other very detail-oriented tasks,

ashtu si cdo detyre e orientuar nga detajet me se shumti,

that they are concentrating geographically

qe ata jane duke u fokusuar shume gjeografikisht

and finding like-minded mates.

dhe po gjejne njerez me mendje te ngjashme.

So this is the assortative mating hypothesis

Kjo eshte nje teori per ngjajshmeri

of these genes reinforcing one another

te gjeneve qe perforcojne njera tjetren

in these structures.

ne keto struktura.

The third, is this too much information?

E treta, a jane keto teper shume informacione?

We're trying to process so much stuff

Ne jemi duke u munduar te procesojme aq shume

that some people get synesthetic

sa qe disa njerez behen sinestetik

and just have huge pipes that remember everything.

dhe kane vrima te medha qe ua mundesojne te mbajne ne mend gjithcka.

Other people get hyper-sensitive to the amount of information.

Disa njerez te tjere behen sensitive per gjithe kete sasi informimi.

Other people react with various psychological conditions

Disa te tjere reagojne me kushte te ndryshime psikologjike

or reactions to this information.

ose reagime kunddrejt ketij informimi.

Or maybe it's chemicals.

Ose ndoshta eshte per shkak te kemikaleve.

But when you see an increase

Por kur veren nje rritje

of that order of magnitude in a condition,

te kesaj rendesie

either you're not measuring it right

edhepse ndoshta nuk je duke e matur mire,

or there's something going on very quickly,

ose ndoshta dicka ndodhe per shume shpejte,

and it may be evolution in real time.

dhe mund te behet nje evolucion ne kohe reale.

Here's the bottom line.

Ja edhe dicka.

What I think we are doing

Ajo cfare mendoj une qe ne po bejme

is we're transitioning as a species.

eshte qe po zhvillohemi shume si qenie.

And I didn't think this when Steve Gullans and I started writing together.

Dhe kete nuk e kam menduar kur une dhe Steve Gullans filluam te shkruanim se bashku.

I think we're transitioning into Homo evolutis

Une mendoj se po parakalojme afer Homo evolutis

that, for better or worse,

qe, per mire ose per keq,

is not just a hominid that's conscious of his or her environment,

nuk eshte vetem nje hominid i vetedijshem per ambientin e tij/saj

it's a hominid that's beginning to directly and deliberately

eshte nje hominid qe po fillon te

control the evolution of its own species,

kontrolloj evolucionin e qenieve te tij drejtpersedrejti apo qellimisht

of bacteria, of plants, of animals.

te bakterieve, bimeve dhe kafsheve.

And I think that's such an order of magnitude change

Dhe une mendoj se ky eshte nje ndryshim kaq i madh

that your grandkids or your great-grandkids

sa qe gjeneratat e ardhshme

may be a species very different from you.

mund te jene qenie shume te ndryshme.

Thank you very much.

Ju faleminderit shume.

(Applause)

(Duartrokitje)