Leslie T. Chang: The voices of China's workers

225,938 views ・ 2012-09-12

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00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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Translator: Lenka Tušar Reviewer: Tilen Pigac - EFZG
00:16
Hi. So I'd like to talk a little bit about the people
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Pozdravljeni. Želela bi govoriti o ljudeh,
00:18
who make the things we use every day:
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ki proizvajajo stvari, ki jih dnevno uporabljamo -
00:20
our shoes, our handbags, our computers and cell phones.
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naše čevlje, torbice, računalnike in mobilnike.
00:24
Now, this is a conversation that often calls up a lot of guilt.
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Ta tema pri ljudeh pogosto vzbudi slabo vest.
00:29
Imagine the teenage farm girl who makes less than
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Predstavljajte si najstnico s kmetije,
00:32
a dollar an hour stitching your running shoes,
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ki s šivanjem vaših tekaških copat zasluži manj kot dolar na uro,
00:35
or the young Chinese man who jumps off a rooftop
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ali mladega Kitajca, ki skoči s strehe
00:38
after working overtime assembling your iPad.
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po nadurah sestavljanja vašega iPada.
00:42
We, the beneficiaries of globalization, seem to exploit
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Mi, udeleženci globalizacije, te žrtve izkoriščamo
00:45
these victims with every purchase we make,
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z vsakim opravljenim nakupom
00:48
and the injustice
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in krivica se zdi
00:50
feels embedded in the products themselves.
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vtkana v izdelke same.
00:53
After all, what's wrong with a world in which a worker
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Kam gre namreč svet, v katerem delavec za tekočim trakom
00:55
on an iPhone assembly line can't even afford to buy one?
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sestavlja iPhone, a si ne more privoščiti svojega?
00:59
It's taken for granted that Chinese factories are oppressive,
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Samoumevno se nam zdi, da so kitajske tovarne zatiralne
01:02
and that it's our desire for cheap goods
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in da jih pravzaprav naša želja po poceni artiklih
01:05
that makes them so.
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dela takšne.
01:07
So, this simple narrative equating Western demand
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Ta preprosta pripoved, ki povezuje potrebe zahoda
01:11
and Chinese suffering is appealing,
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s kitajskim trpljenjem, je zanimiva,
01:14
especially at a time when many of us already feel guilty
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še posebej v času, ko se nas mnogo že počuti
01:16
about our impact on the world,
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krive za razmere v svetu,
01:19
but it's also inaccurate and disrespectful.
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a je tudi netočna in celo nespoštljiva.
01:23
We must be peculiarly self-obsessed to imagine that we
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Kako vase zagledani moramo biti, da verjamemo,
01:26
have the power to drive tens of millions of people
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da desetine milijonov ljudi
01:29
on the other side of the world to migrate and suffer
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na drugem koncu sveta vodimo v preseljevanja in trpljenje
01:31
in such terrible ways.
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na tako strašne načine.
01:34
In fact, China makes goods for markets all over the world,
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Kitajska lahko ustvarja proizvode za svetovne trge,
01:37
including its own, thanks to a combination of factors:
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vključno s svojim, zaradi skupka dejavnikov -
01:41
its low costs, its large and educated workforce,
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nizkih stroškov, obsežne in izobražene delovne sile
01:44
and a flexible manufacturing system
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ter prilagodljivega proizvodnega sistema,
01:47
that responds quickly to market demands.
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ki se hitro odziva na potrebe trga.
01:50
By focusing so much on ourselves and our gadgets,
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S tem, ko smo obsedeni s sabo in z našimi napravami,
01:53
we have rendered the individuals on the other end
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smo ljudi na drugem koncu naredili nevidne,
01:55
into invisibility, as tiny and interchangeable
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tako majhne in nadomestjive
01:59
as the parts of a mobile phone.
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kot sestavne delčke mobilnega telefona.
02:02
Chinese workers are not forced into factories
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Kitajski delavci niso prisiljeni delati v tovarnah
02:04
because of our insatiable desire for iPods.
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zaradi naše nenasitne želje po iPodih.
02:07
They choose to leave their homes in order to earn money,
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Odločijo se zapustiti domove, da bi zaslužili,
02:10
to learn new skills, and to see the world.
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se izučili novih spretnosti in videli svet.
02:14
In the ongoing debate about globalization, what's
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V aktualnih pogovorih o globalizaciji
02:16
been missing is the voices of the workers themselves.
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manjkajo glasovi delavcev samih.
02:20
Here are a few.
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Tu jih je nekaj.
02:22
Bao Yongxiu: "My mother tells me to come home
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Bao Yongxiu: "Moja mama želi, da pridem domov
02:26
and get married, but if I marry now, before I have fully
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in se omožim. A če to storim zdaj, ko se želim še razvijati,
02:29
developed myself, I can only marry an ordinary worker,
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se lahko poročim le z navadnim delavcem,
02:33
so I'm not in a rush."
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zato nočem hiteti."
02:36
Chen Ying: "When I went home for the new year,
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Chen Ying: "Ko sem šla domov za novo leto,
02:39
everyone said I had changed. They asked me,
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so mi vsi dejali, da sem se spremenila.
02:42
what did you do that you have changed so much?
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Vprašali so me, kaj je privedlo do tega.
02:45
I told them that I studied and worked hard. If you tell them
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Povedala sem jim, da sem se pridno učila in delala.
02:49
more, they won't understand anyway."
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Če bi jim povedala več, itak ne bi razumeli."
02:52
Wu Chunming: "Even if I make a lot of money,
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Wu Chunming: "Tudi če bi veliko zaslužila,
02:55
it won't satisfy me.
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ne bi bila zadovoljna.
02:58
Just to make money is not enough meaning in life."
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Le kopičenje denarja ni dovolj v življenju."
03:02
Xiao Jin: "Now, after I get off work, I study English,
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Xiao Jin: "Po končanem delu se učim angleščino,
03:07
because in the future, our customers won't
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saj v prihodnosti naše stranke ne bodo le Kitajci,
03:08
be only Chinese, so we must learn more languages."
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zato se moramo naučiti več jezikov."
03:12
All of these speakers, by the way, are young women,
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Vse to so glasovi mladih žensk,
03:15
18 or 19 years old.
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starih 18 ali 19 let.
03:18
So I spent two years getting to know assembly line workers
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Dve leti sem spoznavala delavce za tekočim trakom,
03:21
like these in the south China factory city called Dongguan.
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kot so ti v tovarni v mestu Dongguan na jugu Kitajske.
03:25
Certain subjects came up over and over:
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Nekatere teme pogovora so se pogosto ponavljale -
03:28
how much money they made,
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koliko zaslužijo,
03:29
what kind of husband they hoped to marry,
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kakšnega moža si želijo,
03:32
whether they should jump to another factory
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ali bi bilo pametno zamenjati tovarno
03:34
or stay where they were.
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ali ostati v tej.
03:36
Other subjects came up almost never, including
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Drugih tem se skoraj nikoli niso dotaknile,
03:38
living conditions that to me looked close to prison life:
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na primer bivanjskih pogojev, ki so se mi zdeli kot zapor -
03:42
10 or 15 workers in one room,
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10 do 15 delavcev v eni sobi,
03:44
50 people sharing a single bathroom,
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ena kopalnica za 50 ljudi,
03:47
days and nights ruled by the factory clock.
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tovarniška ura, ki meri dneve in noči.
03:51
Everyone they knew lived in similar circumstances,
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Vsi njihovi znanci so živeli v podobnih razmerah,
03:54
and it was still better than the dormitories and homes
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a so kljub temu bile boljše kot spalnice in domovi
03:57
of rural China.
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podeželske Kitajske.
04:00
The workers rarely spoke about the products they made,
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Delavci so le redko govorili o izdelkih, ki so jih ustvarjali,
04:02
and they often had great difficulty explaining
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in pogosto niso znali povedati,
04:05
what exactly they did.
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kaj točno delajo.
04:07
When I asked Lu Qingmin,
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Ko sem vprašala Lu Qingmin,
04:09
the young woman I got to know best,
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mlado žensko, s katero sva se najbolj zbližali,
04:11
what exactly she did on the factory floor,
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kaj točno počne v tovarni,
04:13
she said something to me in Chinese that sounded like
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mi je v kitajščini odgovorila nekaj takega kot
04:16
"qiu xi."
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"qiu xi".
04:18
Only much later did I realize that she had been saying
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Šele dosti kasneje sem ugotovila, da je s tem mislila
04:21
"QC," or quality control.
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"QC" ali nadzor kakovosti.
04:24
She couldn't even tell me what she did on the factory floor.
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Ni znala torej točno razložiti, kaj je njeno delo.
04:28
All she could do was parrot a garbled abbreviation
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Le ponovila je popačeno okrajšavo
04:30
in a language she didn't even understand.
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v jeziku, ki ga še sama ni razumela.
04:34
Karl Marx saw this as the tragedy of capitalism,
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Karl Marx je v tem videl tragedijo kapitalizma,
04:38
the alienation of the worker from the product of his labor.
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odtujitev delavca od izdelka v njegovih rokah.
04:42
Unlike, say, a traditional maker of shoes or cabinets,
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Za razliko od tradicionalnih čevljarjev ali mizarjev
04:45
the worker in an industrial factory has no control,
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delavec v industrijski tovarni nima nadzora,
04:49
no pleasure, and no true satisfaction or understanding
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veselja, zadovoljstva ali razumevanja
04:52
in her own work.
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njegovega dela.
04:54
But like so many theories that Marx arrived at
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A kot mnogo drugih teorij, do katerih je Marx prišel
04:56
sitting in the reading room of the British Museum,
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v čitalnici Britanskega muzeja,
04:59
he got this one wrong.
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je ta napačna.
05:02
Just because a person spends her time
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Čeprav neka oseba preživi čas
05:04
making a piece of something does not mean
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v izdelovanju dela nekega proizvoda, to še ne pomeni,
05:07
that she becomes that, a piece of something.
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da sama postane prav to, del nečesa.
05:10
What she does with the money she earns,
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Kar stori z zasluženim denarjem,
05:13
what she learns in that place, and how it changes her,
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denarjem od dela na tistem kraju, in kako jo to spremeni,
05:16
these are the things that matter.
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so dejstva, ki štejejo.
05:19
What a factory makes is never the point, and
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Končni izdelek ni nikdar bistvo
05:21
the workers could not care less who buys their products.
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in delavcem je skrajno vseeno, kdo je njegov kupec.
05:25
Journalistic coverage of Chinese factories,
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Novinarsko poročanje iz kitajskih tovarn,
05:28
on the other hand, plays up this relationship
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na drugi strani, prikazuje razmerje
05:30
between the workers and the products they make.
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med delavci in proizvodi, ki tam nastajajo.
05:33
Many articles calculate: How long would it take
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Veliko člankov dela izračune, koliko časa bi moral
05:36
for this worker to work in order to earn enough money
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delavec opravljati to delo, da bi si z zasluženim
05:39
to buy what he's making?
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lahko privoščil artikel, ki ga izdeluje.
05:41
For example, an entry-level-line assembly line worker
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Delavec za tekočim trakom z nezahtevnimi zadolžitvami
05:44
in China in an iPhone plant would have to shell out
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v kitajskem obratu za iPhone bi moral
05:47
two and a half months' wages for an iPhone.
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zanj odšteti plači dveh mesecev in pol.
05:51
But how meaningful is this calculation, really?
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A kako bistven je pravzaprav ta izračun?
05:54
For example, I recently wrote an article
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Pred kratkim sem na primer napisala članek
05:56
in The New Yorker magazine,
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za časopis The New Yorker,
05:57
but I can't afford to buy an ad in it.
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a kljub temu si ne morem privoščiti oglasa v njem.
06:00
But, who cares? I don't want an ad in The New Yorker,
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In kaj potem? Saj nočem oglasa v časopisu,
06:02
and most of these workers don't really want iPhones.
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tako kot večina teh delavcev ne želi iPhonov.
06:05
Their calculations are different.
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Njihovi izračuni so drugačni.
06:08
How long should I stay in this factory?
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Koliko časa bi moral ostati v tej tovarni?
06:10
How much money can I save?
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Koliko denarja lahko privarčujem?
06:12
How much will it take to buy an apartment or a car,
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Kdaj si bom lahko privoščil nakup stanovanja ali avta,
06:15
to get married, or to put my child through school?
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poroko ali šolanje mojega otroka?
06:19
The workers I got to know had a curiously abstract
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Delavci, ki sem jih spoznala, so imeli s proizvodom
06:22
relationship with the product of their labor.
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njihovega dela nenavadno abstrakten odnos.
06:26
About a year after I met Lu Qingmin, or Min,
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Kakšno leto po tem, ko sem spoznala Lu Qingmin oz. Min,
06:29
she invited me home to her family village
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me je povabila domov v domačo vas
06:31
for the Chinese New Year.
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ob praznovanju kitajskega novega leta.
06:33
On the train home, she gave me a present:
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Na vlaku domov mi je dala darilo,
06:36
a Coach brand change purse with brown leather trim.
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drobižnico znamke Coach z obrobo iz rjavega usnja.
06:40
I thanked her, assuming it was fake,
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Zahvalila sem se ji in mislila, da gre za ponaredek,
06:42
like almost everything else for sale in Dongguan.
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kot večina stvari naprodaj v Dongguanu.
06:45
After we got home, Min gave her mother another present:
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Doma je Min dala svoji mami še eno darilo,
06:49
a pink Dooney & Bourke handbag,
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rožnato torbico znamke Dooney & Bourke,
06:51
and a few nights later, her sister was showing off
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in nekaj večerov kasneje je njena sestra
06:53
a maroon LeSportsac shoulder bag.
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ponosno nosila rjavo torbo znamke LeSportsac.
06:57
Slowly it was dawning on me that these handbags
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Počasi sem spoznala, da so te torbe
07:01
were made by their factory,
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izdelovali v tovarni, kjer dela,
07:03
and every single one of them was authentic.
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in prav vsaka je bila original.
07:06
Min's sister said to her parents,
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Minina sestra je povedala staršema,
07:08
"In America, this bag sells for 320 dollars."
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"V Ameriki taka torbica stane 320 dolarjev."
07:12
Her parents, who are both farmers, looked on, speechless.
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Starša, oba kmetovalca, sta nemo ostrmela.
07:15
"And that's not all -- Coach is coming out with a new line,
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"In to še ni vse, znamka Coach ustvarja novo kolekcijo
07:17
2191," she said. "One bag will sell for 6,000."
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imenovano 2191. Torbica bo stala 6.000."
07:22
She paused and said, "I don't know if that's 6,000 yuan or
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Ustavila se je in nadaljevala, "Ne vem, ali to pomeni
07:26
6,000 American dollars, but anyway, it's 6,000." (Laughter)
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6.000 yuanov ali dolarjev, a kakorkoli, vredna bo 6.000." (Smeh)
07:32
Min's sister's boyfriend, who had traveled home with her
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Fant Minine sestre, ki je prišel z njo za novo leto,
07:35
for the new year, said,
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je rekel,
07:37
"It doesn't look like it's worth that much."
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"Sploh ne zgleda, da je toliko vredna."
07:40
Min's sister turned to him and said, "Some people actually
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Minina sestra se je obrnila in rekla, "Nekateri ljudje razumejo te stvari."
07:42
understand these things. You don't understand shit."
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"Ti pa nimaš pojma."
07:46
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smeh) (Aplavz)
07:51
In Min's world, the Coach bags had a curious currency.
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V Mininem svetu imajo Coach torbice nenavadno vrednost.
07:55
They weren't exactly worthless, but they were nothing
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Niso bile ravno ničvredne, a še vedno zelo daleč
07:57
close to the actual value, because almost no one they knew
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od prodajne vrednosti, saj jih ni skoraj nihče
08:00
wanted to buy one, or knew how much it was worth.
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hotel kupiti ali poznal njihove cene.
08:04
Once, when Min's older sister's friend got married,
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Ko se je poročila prijateljica Minine starejše sestre,
08:07
she brought a handbag along as a wedding present.
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je Min skupaj z darilom prinesla tudi ročno torbico.
08:10
Another time, after Min had already left
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Drugič, ko Min že ni več delala v tovarni torbic,
08:12
the handbag factory, her younger sister came to visit,
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jo je obiskala njena mlajša sestra
08:15
bringing two Coach Signature handbags as gifts.
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in kot darilo prinesla dve torbici kolekcije Coach Signature.
08:19
I looked in the zippered pocket of one,
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Pogledala sem v žepek z zadrgo ene od torbic,
08:21
and I found a printed card in English, which read,
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v katerem je bila kartica z napisom v angleščini, ki pravi,
08:26
"An American classic.
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"Ameriška klasika.
08:29
In 1941, the burnished patina
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Leta 1941 je zglajena patina
08:31
of an all-American baseball glove
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ameriške rokavice za baseball
08:34
inspired the founder of Coach to create
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navdihnila ustanovitelja znamke Coach,
08:36
a new collection of handbags from the same
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da je nastala nova linija ročnih torbic
08:38
luxuriously soft gloved-hand leather.
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iz enakega prestižno mehkega usnja.
08:42
Six skilled leatherworkers crafted 12 Signature handbags
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Šest spretnih usnjarjev je ustvarilo 12 torbic linije Signature,
08:46
with perfect proportions and a timeless flair.
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popolnih razmerij in brezčasne elegance.
08:50
They were fresh, functional, and women everywhere
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Bile so sveže, praktične in ženske so jih oboževale.
08:52
adored them. A new American classic was born."
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Rodila se je nova ameriška klasika."
08:57
I wonder what Karl Marx would have made of Min
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Sprašujem se, kaj bi Karl Marx videl v Min
09:00
and her sisters.
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in njenih sestrah.
09:02
Their relationship with the product of their labor
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Njihov odnos do rezultatov njihovega dela
09:04
was more complicated, surprising and funny
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je bolj zapleten, presenetljiv in zabaven,
09:07
than he could have imagined.
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kot si je lahko zamišljal.
09:09
And yet, his view of the world persists, and our tendency
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A še vedno njegov pogled na svet ostaja
09:12
to see the workers as faceless masses,
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in z njim naše nagnjenje, da vidimo delavce kot množice brez identitete,
09:14
to imagine that we can know what they're really thinking.
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in da verjamemo, da natančno vemo, kako razmišljajo.
09:18
The first time I met Min, she had just turned 18
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Ko sem prvič srečala Min, je pravkar dopolnila 18 let
09:22
and quit her first job on the assembly line
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in pustila prvo službo za tekočim trakom
09:24
of an electronics factory.
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v tovarni z elektroniko.
09:27
Over the next two years, I watched as she switched jobs
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Naslednji dve leti je zamenjala službo petkrat
09:29
five times, eventually landing a lucrative post
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in nazadnje pristala na obetavnem položaju
09:32
in the purchasing department of a hardware factory.
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na nakupnem oddelku tovarne za strojno opremo.
09:36
Later, she married a fellow migrant worker,
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Zatem se je poročila s kolegom, priseljenim delavcem,
09:38
moved with him to his village,
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se preselila z njim v njegovo vas,
09:40
gave birth to two daughters,
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rodila dve hčerki
09:43
and saved enough money to buy a secondhand Buick
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in privarčevala dovolj denarja za nakup rabljenega Buicka zase
09:45
for herself and an apartment for her parents.
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in stanovanja za njene starše.
09:49
She recently returned to Dongguan on her own
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Pred kratkim se je sama vrnila v Dongguan,
09:52
to take a job in a factory that makes construction cranes,
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na delovno mesto v tovarni, ki izdeluje gradbene žerjave,
09:56
temporarily leaving her husband and children
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in začasno zapustila moža in otroka,
09:58
back in the village.
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ki so ostali v vasi.
10:00
In a recent email to me, she explained,
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V nedavnem elektronskem sporočilu mi je pisala,
10:03
"A person should have some ambition while she is young
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"Mlad človek bi moral imeti želje,
10:07
so that in old age she can look back on her life
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da se lahko na stara leta ozre
10:09
and feel that it was not lived to no purpose."
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in ve, da ni zapravil življenja."
10:14
Across China, there are 150 million workers like her,
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Na Kitajskem je 150 milijonov takih delavcev,
10:19
one third of them women, who have left their villages
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tretjina je žensk, ki so zapustile domače vasi
10:21
to work in the factories, the hotels, the restaurants
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in odšle na delo v tovarne, hotele, restavracije
10:25
and the construction sites of the big cities.
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in gradbišča v velemesta.
10:28
Together, they make up the largest migration in history,
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Skupaj predstavljajo najobsežnejše preseljevanje v zgodovini
10:31
and it is globalization, this chain that begins
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in prav globalizacija, veriga, ki se začenja
10:34
in a Chinese farming village
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v kitajski podeželski vasi
10:37
and ends with iPhones in our pockets and Nikes on our feet
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in se konča z iPhoni v naših žepih, čevlji Nike na naših nogah
10:41
and Coach handbags on our arms
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in Coach torbicami v naših rokah,
10:43
that has changed the way these millions of people
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je spremenila način, kako ti milijoni ljudi
10:45
work and marry and live and think.
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delajo, se poročajo, živijo in razmišljajo.
10:50
Very few of them would want to go back
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Le peščica si jih želi nazaj
10:52
to the way things used to be.
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v stare razmere.
10:55
When I first went to Dongguan, I worried that
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Ko sem prvič šla v Dongguan, sem se bala,
10:58
it would be depressing to spend so much time with workers.
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da me bo preživljanje časa z delavci začelo moriti.
11:02
I also worried that nothing would ever happen to them,
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Skrbelo me je, da se jim ne bo nič novega dogajalo,
11:05
or that they would have nothing to say to me.
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ali da mi ne bodo ničesar povedali.
11:08
Instead, I found young women who were smart and funny
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Pravzaprav pa sem spoznala mlade ženske, ki so bistre in zabavne,
11:10
and brave and generous.
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pogumne in velikodušne.
11:13
By opening up their lives to me,
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Ko so me sprejele v svoja življenja,
11:16
they taught me so much about factories
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so me ogromno naučile o tovarnah,
11:18
and about China and about how to live in the world.
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o Kitajski in kako živeti v svetu.
11:24
This is the Coach purse that Min gave me
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To je Coach denarnica, ki mi jo je podarila Min
11:27
on the train home to visit her family.
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na vlaku med potjo k njenim domačim.
11:29
I keep it with me to remind me of the ties that tie me
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Imam jo s sabo, da me opominja na vezi,
11:32
to the young women I wrote about,
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ki me vežejo na dekleta, o katerih sem pisala,
11:35
ties that are not economic but personal in nature,
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vezi, ki niso ekonomske, pač pa osebne narave,
11:39
measured not in money but in memories.
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merjene ne v denarju, pač pa v spominih.
11:43
This purse is also a reminder that the things that you imagine,
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Ta denarnica je tudi opomin, da stvari, o katerih razmišljate
11:46
sitting in your office or in the library,
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v svoji pisarni ali knjižnici,
11:50
are not how you find them when you actually go out
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niso take, kot jih v resnici izkusite,
11:52
into the world.
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ko stopite v svet.
11:53
Thank you. (Applause)
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Hvala. (Aplavz)
11:55
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
12:02
Chris Anderson: Thank you, Leslie, that was an insight
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Chris Anderson: Hvala, Leslie, za pogled,
12:04
that a lot of us haven't had before.
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ki ga mnogi prej nismo poznali.
12:07
But I'm curious. If you had a minute, say,
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A nekaj me zanima. Če bi imela minuto
12:10
with Apple's head of manufacturing,
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z vodjo proizvodnje pri Applu,
12:14
what would you say?
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kaj bi mu dejala?
12:16
Leslie Chang: One minute?
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Leslie Chang: Eno minuto?
12:17
CA: One minute. (Laughter)
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CA: Eno. (Smeh)
12:19
LC: You know, what really impressed me about the workers
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LC: Veste, name je pustilo močan vtis,
12:21
is how much they're self-motivated, self-driven,
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kako so delavci samoiniciativni, angažirani in iznajdljivi,
12:24
resourceful, and the thing that struck me,
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in prevzelo me je,
12:27
what they want most is education, to learn,
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da si najbolj želijo izobrazbe, učenja,
12:30
because most of them come from very poor backgrounds.
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saj jih veliko prihaja iz revnih okolij.
12:31
They usually left school when they were in 7th or 8th grade.
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Veliko jih je končalo s šolanjem v sedmem ali osmem razredu.
12:34
Their parents are often illiterate,
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Njihovi starši so pogosto nepismeni,
12:36
and then they come to the city, and they, on their own,
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oni pa pridejo v mesto in se ob večerih
12:39
at night, during the weekends, they'll take a computer class,
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in koncih tedna sami udeležujejo računalniških tečajev,
12:41
they'll take an English class, and learn
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tečajev angleščine in osvajajo
12:43
really, really rudimentary things, you know,
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zelo zelo osnovne stvari,
12:46
like how to type a document in Word,
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kot kako napisati dokument v Wordu,
12:47
or how to say really simple things in English.
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ali kako povedati enostavne stvari v angleščini.
12:50
So, if you really want to help these workers,
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Če torej res želite pomagati tem delavcem,
12:52
start these small, very focused, very pragmatic classes
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začnite izvajati te skromne, a zelo načrtne, pragmatične tečaje,
12:55
in these schools, and what's going to happen is,
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ki bodo vašim delavcem omogočili,
12:58
all your workers are going to move on,
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da se premikajo naprej,
13:00
but hopefully they'll move on into higher jobs within Apple,
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po možnosti na boljše položaje pri Applu,
13:03
and you can help their social mobility
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kar prispeva k njihovi družbeni mobilnosti
13:06
and their self-improvement.
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in njihovemu lastnemu napredku.
13:07
When you talk to workers, that's what they want.
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Če vprašate delavce, je to, kar si želijo.
13:09
They do not say, "I want better hot water in the showers.
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Ne bodo rekli, "Hočem toplejšo vodo za tuširanje.
13:12
I want a nicer room. I want a TV set."
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Hočem lepšo sobo. Hočem tv sprejemnik."
13:14
I mean, it would be nice to have those things,
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Bilo bi sicer lepo, da bi imeli vse to,
13:15
but that's not why they're in the city,
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a to ni razlog, da so prišli v mesto,
13:16
and that's not what they care about.
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in te stvari jim ne pomenijo veliko.
13:19
CA: Was there a sense from them of a narrative that
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CA: Je bilo v njihovih pripovedih čutiti,
13:22
things were kind of tough and bad, or was there a narrative
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da je njihov položaj težak in obupen,
13:26
of some kind of level of growth, that things over time
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ali bolj, da gre za razvoj
13:29
were getting better?
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in da se razmere sčasoma izboljšujejo?
13:30
LC: Oh definitely, definitely. I mean, you know,
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LC: Prav gotovo, prav gotovo. Veste,
13:32
it was interesting, because I spent basically two years
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bilo je zanimivo, saj sem praktično dve leti
13:34
hanging out in this city, Dongguan,
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1994
preživela med ljudmi v tem mestu, Dongguan,
13:36
and over that time, you could see immense change
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in v tem času je bilo videti izjemne spremembe
13:39
in every person's life: upward, downward, sideways,
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v življenju vseh - navzgor, navzdol, vstran,
13:41
but generally upward.
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a večinoma spremembe na bolje.
13:43
If you spend enough time, it's upward, and I met people
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Po določenem času gre na bolje in spoznala sem ljudi,
13:45
who had moved to the city 10 years ago, and who are now
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ki so se v mesto preselili pred desetletjem,
13:47
basically urban middle class people,
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zdaj pa so del mestnega srednjega sloja,
13:49
so the trajectory is definitely upward.
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krivulja gre torej zagotovo navzgor.
13:51
It's just hard to see when you're suddenly
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Težko je le, ko se kar naenkrat znajdeš v mestu.
13:53
sucked into the city. It looks like everyone's poor and
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Videti je, da so vsi revni in obupani,
13:55
desperate, but that's not really how it is.
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a v resnici ni tako.
13:57
Certainly, the factory conditions are really tough,
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Gotovo so delovne razmere v tovarnah zelo težke
13:59
and it's nothing you or I would want to do,
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in gotovo nihče od nas ne bi želel tam delati,
14:02
but from their perspective, where they're coming from
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a z njihovega stališča je okolje, od koder prihajajo,
14:05
is much worse, and where they're going
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1997
veliko slabše in upajo, da so na pravi poti
14:07
is hopefully much better, and I just wanted to give
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2008
k nečemu veliko boljšemu, zato sem želela predstaviti
14:09
that context of what's going on in their minds,
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okvir njihovih misli,
14:11
not what necessarily is going on in yours.
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ki se ne ujemajo nujno z vašimi.
14:13
CA: Thanks so much for your talk.
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CA: Najlepša hvala za vaše mnenje.
14:15
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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Hvala tudi vam. (Aplavz)
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